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Astrology wiki

Explore wiki concepts, word origins, evidence and their connections to traditions and tools.

Meaning, evidence and context

Concepts A–Z

512 concepts, each with a definition, word origins, a brief epistemology and source links. Hover or focus a dotted term to preview it. Tap once for the preview, then follow the entry.

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Subject

23 terms

A
Astronomy & coordinates

Aberration →

A small apparent shift in direction caused by the observer’s motion and the finite speed of light.

Word origin, evidence & sources
Word origin · etymology
Latin borrowing.

From Latin aberratio and aberrare, to wander away. The astronomical use names a displacement from an uncorrected direction.

How we know · epistemology
Physical model

Observer motion and finite light speed explain this directional correction. Its inclusion affects high-precision coordinate comparisons, not the object’s underlying identity or an independently established symbolic meaning.

Astronomy & coordinates

Altitude →

Also: solar altitude

An object’s angle above or below the horizon; here this is different from a location’s height above sea level.

Word origin, evidence & sources
Word origin · etymology
Latin through Middle English.

Latin altitudo means height, from altus, high. Astronomical altitude preserves this vertical sense as an angle above the horizon.

How we know · epistemology
Local observational geometry

Altitude is calculated relative to a local horizon. Atmospheric refraction changes apparent altitude near the horizon, so a geometric result and an observed sighting need not coincide exactly.

Astronomy & coordinates

Apparent position →

A direction corrected for observational effects such as aberration and gravitational light deflection; the precise correction set must be specified.

Word origin, evidence & sources
Word origin · etymology
Descriptive astronomical phrase.

Apparent means appearing to an observer. The label concerns the observed-looking direction after specified corrections, not a claim that it is illusory.

How we know · epistemology
Observational model

The direction includes specified light-propagation and observer-motion corrections. “Apparent” is a technical model choice; the value is comparable only when the other calculation includes the same effects.

Astronomy & coordinates

Astrometric position →

A direction corrected for light-travel time but not all apparent-position effects; it is not interchangeable with apparent coordinates.

Word origin, evidence & sources
Word origin · etymology
Modern scientific compound.

Astrometry joins Greek astro-, star, with -metry, measurement; astrometric is its adjective, applied here to a corrected positional convention.

How we know · epistemology
Observational model

Light-travel correction produces an astrometric direction before additional apparent-position corrections. Mixing these two stages can look like a calculation error even when each implementation follows its stated convention.

Astronomy & coordinates

Atmospheric refraction →

Also: refraction

The bending of light by Earth’s atmosphere, which shifts a celestial body’s apparent direction and usually makes it appear higher above the horizon.

Word origin, evidence & sources
Word origin · etymology
Greek and Latin scientific vocabulary.

Atmosphere combines vapor and sphere; refraction comes from refringere, to break back. The optical term names bending at a medium change.

How we know · epistemology
Physical optical effect and atmospheric model

A correction estimates the shift using atmospheric conditions. Geometric altitude omits it; a standard pressure and temperature cannot reproduce every actual sighting precisely.

Astronomy & coordinates

Azimuth →

Also: azimuth_deg

Direction around the local horizon. Check the convention: north-based and south-based zero points both occur in astronomy.

Word origin, evidence & sources
Word origin · etymology
Arabic through Medieval Latin.

Arabic al-sumut, directions or ways, plural of al-samt, passed through Medieval Latin azimut into English.

How we know · epistemology
Local observational geometry

The bearing depends on the observer, instant and zero-direction convention. North-based and south-based systems can disagree numerically while describing the same direction; at the zenith a unique azimuth is undefined.

B
Astronomy & coordinates

Barycentric →

Measured from a system’s center of mass, such as the Solar System’s barycenter.

Word origin, evidence & sources
Word origin · etymology
Greek combining forms.

Bary- refers to weight or heaviness; barycenter is a center of mass. The adjective identifies that center as origin.

How we know · epistemology
Dynamical reference frame

The center of mass is computed from the modeled system’s masses and positions. It is useful for dynamics, but need not coincide with the Sun’s center or any visible object.

C
Astronomy & coordinates

Circumpolarity →

Also: circumpolar · circumpolar star · circumpolar stars

The condition in which a body’s daily path remains above the horizon at a specified location, instead of rising and setting.

Word origin, evidence & sources
Word origin · etymology
Latin-prefix astronomical compound.

Circum- means around and polar refers to a pole. The noun names the condition of remaining around a celestial pole without setting.

How we know · epistemology
Latitude-dependent astronomical geometry

Latitude, declination and the horizon model determine this condition. A body near the opposite celestial pole can instead remain below the horizon without rising.

Astronomy & coordinates

Coordinate frame →

Also: reference frame

The chosen origin and axes used to describe a position. Comparing coordinates requires matching their frames.

Word origin, evidence & sources
Word origin · etymology
Descriptive mathematical compound.

Coordinate describes quantities used together to locate something; frame is the supporting reference structure. The phrase names a mathematical reference convention.

How we know · epistemology
Reference convention

A frame specifies how a position is represented, not a rival location for the object. Meaningful numerical comparison requires matching origin, axes, epoch and the corrections included.

D
Astronomy & coordinates

Declination →

Also: declination_deg

An object’s angle north or south of the celestial equator, from −90° to +90°.

Word origin, evidence & sources
Word origin · etymology
Latin through French.

Latin declinatio meant a turning aside or an angle of the heavens; the coordinate measures departure from the celestial equator.

How we know · epistemology
Astronomical geometry

Declination is derived from the equatorial frame and can be checked against positional observations. Equal declination does not establish closeness in the sky without also comparing right ascension.

E
Astronomy & coordinates

Ecliptic →

Also: ecliptic plane

The reference plane based on Earth’s orbit, projected onto the sky; zodiac longitudes are measured around it.

Word origin, evidence & sources
Word origin · etymology
Greek through Latin.

From Greek ekleiptikos, relating to an eclipse. The celestial path is named for the eclipses occurring near it.

How we know · epistemology
Astronomical geometry

Earth’s orbital geometry supplies the reference plane. Its orientation depends on the epoch and model; it is a coordinate reference, not a physical band carrying zodiacal qualities.

Astronomy & coordinates

Ecliptic latitude →

Also: latitude_deg

An object’s angular distance north or south of the ecliptic, distinct from geographic latitude.

Word origin, evidence & sources
Word origin · etymology
Classical roots in an English compound.

Latitude comes from Latin latitudo, breadth. Here that breadth is angular distance north or south of the ecliptic.

How we know · epistemology
Astronomical geometry

The coordinate follows from an object’s direction relative to the ecliptic plane. It can distinguish objects sharing a longitude; it should not be read as geographic latitude or personal temperament.

Astronomy & coordinates

Ecliptic longitude →

Also: longitude_deg · celestial longitude

An angle around the ecliptic, from 0° to 360°, measured from the selected zodiac origin.

Word origin, evidence & sources
Word origin · etymology
Classical roots in an English compound.

Longitude comes from Latin longitudo, length; ecliptic specifies the reference circle along which this angular coordinate is measured.

How we know · epistemology
Coordinate convention

This angle can be reproduced from a position and a declared zodiac origin. A different origin changes the number without moving the object; longitude alone omits latitude and distance.

G
Astronomy & coordinates

Geocentric →

Measured from Earth’s center rather than from a particular observer on its surface.

Word origin, evidence & sources
Word origin · etymology
Greek combining forms.

Geo- means earth and -centric means centered; the name specifies Earth as the positional origin.

How we know · epistemology
Observer convention

Earth’s center is a mathematical observation origin. Geocentric positions are reproducible model outputs, but they omit the surface observer’s parallax and are not identical to every visible local direction.

H
Astronomy & coordinates

Heliocentric →

Measured from the Sun’s center; Earth has a genuine orbital position in this frame.

Word origin, evidence & sources
Word origin · etymology
Greek combining forms.

Helio- comes from helios, Sun; -centric marks a center. The compound specifies the Sun as origin.

How we know · epistemology
Reference convention

Solar-centered positions follow the orbital model in a Sun-centered frame. They answer a different geometric question from an Earth-based view and should not be mixed silently with geocentric aspects.

Astronomy & coordinates

Hour angle →

An object’s angular position relative to the observer’s meridian; it changes as Earth rotates.

Word origin, evidence & sources
Word origin · etymology
Descriptive astronomical compound.

Hour records the traditional time-like division of rotation; angle names the angular separation from a meridian.

How we know · epistemology
Earth-rotation geometry

The angle combines Earth’s orientation with an object’s celestial direction. Its value is local and time-dependent; a longitude measured from the zodiac origin cannot substitute for it.

I
Astronomy & coordinates

ICRS →

Also: International Celestial Reference System

A stable celestial reference system tied to distant radio sources, close to but distinct from the J2000 equatorial frame.

Word origin, evidence & sources
Word origin · etymology
Institutional initialism.

ICRS expands International Celestial Reference System; the initials identify a standardized reference system rather than a named constellation or epoch.

How we know · epistemology
Reference standard

The system is realized using distant reference sources rather than a zodiac teaching. Treating ICRS as exactly identical to an equinox-based J2000 frame loses a small but meaningful frame distinction.

L
Astronomy & coordinates

Light-time correction →

Allowance for the time light takes to travel from an object to the observer.

Word origin, evidence & sources
Word origin · etymology
Descriptive English compound.

Light-time is the time light needs to travel; correction names the adjustment for receiving a body's earlier light.

How we know · epistemology
Physical model

Finite light travel means an observed direction relates to an earlier emission event. The correction belongs to positional astronomy; it does not introduce an astrological delay in someone’s experience.

Astronomy & coordinates

Local horizon →

Also: local horizons

The observer’s horizontal reference plane, perpendicular to the local vertical; in horizon coordinates it supplies the zero level for altitude.

Word origin, evidence & sources
Word origin · etymology
Latin-derived modifier and Greek-derived noun.

Horizon comes from Greek horizōn, bounding or defining. Local specifies the observer's own dividing plane between visible and hidden sky.

How we know · epistemology
Observer-based coordinate reference

The reference depends on the observer’s position. A calculated zero-altitude direction belongs to this idealized frame; it does not describe every obstruction in the visible skyline.

M
Astronomy & coordinates

Meridian transit →

Also: meridian transits · upper transit · lower transit · upper culmination · lower culmination

A body’s crossing of the observer’s meridian, at upper or lower transit on opposite sides of the celestial pole; alignment does not imply visibility.

Word origin, evidence & sources
Word origin · etymology
Latin-derived astronomical phrase.

Meridian comes from meridies, midday; transit means crossing. The phrase names passage across the observer's north–south celestial circle.

How we know · epistemology
Earth-rotation geometry

Both crossings can occur below the horizon, or above it for a circumpolar body. Upper transit need not be overhead or exactly coincide with maximum altitude.

P
Astronomy & coordinates

Parallax →

A change in apparent direction caused by observing from different positions.

Word origin, evidence & sources
Word origin · etymology
Greek through French.

Greek parallaxis means alteration, from a verb meaning to change. Astronomy applies the name to a viewpoint-dependent shift.

How we know · epistemology
Observable geometry

A baseline change produces a geometrically testable directional shift. Its size depends on distance and observer separation; a single geocentric longitude does not capture the full local effect.

R
Astronomy & coordinates

Right ascension →

An eastward angle around the celestial equator. This engine reports degrees; other references often use hours.

Word origin, evidence & sources
Word origin · etymology
Traditional English astronomical phrase.

Ascension means rising. The name preserves older right-sphere terminology, contrasted with oblique ascension.

How we know · epistemology
Coordinate convention

Equatorial coordinates make directions comparable once the reference frame and epoch agree. Hours and degrees describe the same angle using different units; unconverted values can create a fifteenfold error.

T
Astronomy & coordinates

Topocentric →

Measured from a specified place on Earth, including the observer’s location-dependent shift in direction.

Word origin, evidence & sources
Word origin · etymology
Greek combining forms.

Topo- comes from topos, place. The name means centered on a particular observing place, rather than Earth's center.

How we know · epistemology
Observer convention

Adding a surface observer accounts for location-dependent parallax. Accuracy still depends on coordinates, elevation and correction choices; it does not imply that a related astrological interpretation is locally validated.