[
  {
    "id": "ecliptic",
    "term": "Ecliptic",
    "aliases": [
      "ecliptic plane"
    ],
    "definition": "The reference plane based on Earth’s orbit, projected onto the sky; zodiac longitudes are measured around it.",
    "category": "Astronomy & coordinates",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Skyfield: coordinate systems",
        "url": "https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/coordinates.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Astronomical geometry",
      "note": "Earth’s orbital geometry supplies the reference plane. Its orientation depends on the epoch and model; it is a coordinate reference, not a physical band carrying zodiacal qualities.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Skyfield: coordinate systems",
          "url": "https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/coordinates.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Greek through Latin.",
      "note": "From Greek ekleiptikos, relating to an eclipse. The celestial path is named for the eclipses occurring near it.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: ecliptic",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ecliptic"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "ecliptic-longitude",
    "term": "Ecliptic longitude",
    "aliases": [
      "longitude_deg",
      "celestial longitude"
    ],
    "definition": "An angle around the ecliptic, from 0° to 360°, measured from the selected zodiac origin.",
    "category": "Astronomy & coordinates",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Skyfield: coordinate systems",
        "url": "https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/coordinates.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Coordinate convention",
      "note": "This angle can be reproduced from a position and a declared zodiac origin. A different origin changes the number without moving the object; longitude alone omits latitude and distance.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Skyfield: coordinate systems",
          "url": "https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/coordinates.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Classical roots in an English compound.",
      "note": "Longitude comes from Latin longitudo, length; ecliptic specifies the reference circle along which this angular coordinate is measured.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: longitude",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/longitude"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: ecliptic",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ecliptic"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "ecliptic-latitude",
    "term": "Ecliptic latitude",
    "aliases": [
      "latitude_deg"
    ],
    "definition": "An object’s angular distance north or south of the ecliptic, distinct from geographic latitude.",
    "category": "Astronomy & coordinates",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Skyfield: coordinate systems",
        "url": "https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/coordinates.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Astronomical geometry",
      "note": "The coordinate follows from an object’s direction relative to the ecliptic plane. It can distinguish objects sharing a longitude; it should not be read as geographic latitude or personal temperament.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Skyfield: coordinate systems",
          "url": "https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/coordinates.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Classical roots in an English compound.",
      "note": "Latitude comes from Latin latitudo, breadth. Here that breadth is angular distance north or south of the ecliptic.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: latitude",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/latitude"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: ecliptic",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ecliptic"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "right-ascension",
    "term": "Right ascension",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "An eastward angle around the celestial equator. This engine reports degrees; other references often use hours.",
    "category": "Astronomy & coordinates",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Skyfield: coordinate systems",
        "url": "https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/coordinates.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Coordinate convention",
      "note": "Equatorial coordinates make directions comparable once the reference frame and epoch agree. Hours and degrees describe the same angle using different units; unconverted values can create a fifteenfold error.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Skyfield: coordinate systems",
          "url": "https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/coordinates.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Traditional English astronomical phrase.",
      "note": "Ascension means rising. The name preserves older right-sphere terminology, contrasted with oblique ascension.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "The True Fortune Teller: historical sphere terminology",
          "url": "https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/True_fortune_teller/The_True_Fortune_Teller"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: right ascension",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/right%20ascension"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "declination",
    "term": "Declination",
    "aliases": [
      "declination_deg"
    ],
    "definition": "An object’s angle north or south of the celestial equator, from −90° to +90°.",
    "category": "Astronomy & coordinates",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Skyfield: coordinate systems",
        "url": "https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/coordinates.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Astronomical geometry",
      "note": "Declination is derived from the equatorial frame and can be checked against positional observations. Equal declination does not establish closeness in the sky without also comparing right ascension.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Skyfield: coordinate systems",
          "url": "https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/coordinates.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin through French.",
      "note": "Latin declinatio meant a turning aside or an angle of the heavens; the coordinate measures departure from the celestial equator.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: declination",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/declination"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "azimuth",
    "term": "Azimuth",
    "aliases": [
      "azimuth_deg"
    ],
    "definition": "Direction around the local horizon. Check the convention: north-based and south-based zero points both occur in astronomy.",
    "category": "Astronomy & coordinates",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Skyfield: coordinate systems",
        "url": "https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/coordinates.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Local observational geometry",
      "note": "The bearing depends on the observer, instant and zero-direction convention. North-based and south-based systems can disagree numerically while describing the same direction; at the zenith a unique azimuth is undefined.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Skyfield: coordinate systems",
          "url": "https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/coordinates.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Arabic through Medieval Latin.",
      "note": "Arabic al-sumut, directions or ways, plural of al-samt, passed through Medieval Latin azimut into English.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: azimuth",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/azimuth"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "altitude",
    "term": "Altitude",
    "aliases": [
      "solar altitude"
    ],
    "definition": "An object’s angle above or below the horizon; here this is different from a location’s height above sea level.",
    "category": "Astronomy & coordinates",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Skyfield: coordinate systems",
        "url": "https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/coordinates.html"
      }
    ],
    "autoLink": false,
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Local observational geometry",
      "note": "Altitude is calculated relative to a local horizon. Atmospheric refraction changes apparent altitude near the horizon, so a geometric result and an observed sighting need not coincide exactly.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Skyfield: coordinate systems",
          "url": "https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/coordinates.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin through Middle English.",
      "note": "Latin altitudo means height, from altus, high. Astronomical altitude preserves this vertical sense as an angle above the horizon.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: altitude",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/altitude"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "icrs",
    "term": "ICRS",
    "aliases": [
      "International Celestial Reference System"
    ],
    "definition": "A stable celestial reference system tied to distant radio sources, close to but distinct from the J2000 equatorial frame.",
    "category": "Astronomy & coordinates",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Skyfield: coordinate systems",
        "url": "https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/coordinates.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Reference standard",
      "note": "The system is realized using distant reference sources rather than a zodiac teaching. Treating ICRS as exactly identical to an equinox-based J2000 frame loses a small but meaningful frame distinction.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Skyfield: coordinate systems",
          "url": "https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/coordinates.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Institutional initialism.",
      "note": "ICRS expands International Celestial Reference System; the initials identify a standardized reference system rather than a named constellation or epoch.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Skyfield: coordinate systems",
          "url": "https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/coordinates.html"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "coordinate-frame",
    "term": "Coordinate frame",
    "aliases": [
      "reference frame"
    ],
    "definition": "The chosen origin and axes used to describe a position. Comparing coordinates requires matching their frames.",
    "category": "Astronomy & coordinates",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Skyfield: coordinate systems",
        "url": "https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/coordinates.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Reference convention",
      "note": "A frame specifies how a position is represented, not a rival location for the object. Meaningful numerical comparison requires matching origin, axes, epoch and the corrections included.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Skyfield: coordinate systems",
          "url": "https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/coordinates.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Descriptive mathematical compound.",
      "note": "Coordinate describes quantities used together to locate something; frame is the supporting reference structure. The phrase names a mathematical reference convention.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: coordinate",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/coordinate"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: frame",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/frame"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "hour-angle",
    "term": "Hour angle",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "An object’s angular position relative to the observer’s meridian; it changes as Earth rotates.",
    "category": "Astronomy & coordinates",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Skyfield: coordinate systems",
        "url": "https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/coordinates.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Earth-rotation geometry",
      "note": "The angle combines Earth’s orientation with an object’s celestial direction. Its value is local and time-dependent; a longitude measured from the zodiac origin cannot substitute for it.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Skyfield: coordinate systems",
          "url": "https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/coordinates.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Descriptive astronomical compound.",
      "note": "Hour records the traditional time-like division of rotation; angle names the angular separation from a meridian.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: hour angle",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hour%20angle"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "geocentric",
    "term": "Geocentric",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Measured from Earth’s center rather than from a particular observer on its surface.",
    "category": "Astronomy & coordinates",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Skyfield: astronomical positions",
        "url": "https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/positions.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Observer convention",
      "note": "Earth’s center is a mathematical observation origin. Geocentric positions are reproducible model outputs, but they omit the surface observer’s parallax and are not identical to every visible local direction.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Skyfield: astronomical positions",
          "url": "https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/positions.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Greek combining forms.",
      "note": "Geo- means earth and -centric means centered; the name specifies Earth as the positional origin.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: geocentric",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/geocentric"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "topocentric",
    "term": "Topocentric",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Measured from a specified place on Earth, including the observer’s location-dependent shift in direction.",
    "category": "Astronomy & coordinates",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Skyfield: astronomical positions",
        "url": "https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/positions.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Observer convention",
      "note": "Adding a surface observer accounts for location-dependent parallax. Accuracy still depends on coordinates, elevation and correction choices; it does not imply that a related astrological interpretation is locally validated.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Skyfield: astronomical positions",
          "url": "https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/positions.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Greek combining forms.",
      "note": "Topo- comes from topos, place. The name means centered on a particular observing place, rather than Earth's center.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: topocentric",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/topocentric"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "heliocentric",
    "term": "Heliocentric",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Measured from the Sun’s center; Earth has a genuine orbital position in this frame.",
    "category": "Astronomy & coordinates",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Skyfield: astronomical positions",
        "url": "https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/positions.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Reference convention",
      "note": "Solar-centered positions follow the orbital model in a Sun-centered frame. They answer a different geometric question from an Earth-based view and should not be mixed silently with geocentric aspects.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Skyfield: astronomical positions",
          "url": "https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/positions.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Greek combining forms.",
      "note": "Helio- comes from helios, Sun; -centric marks a center. The compound specifies the Sun as origin.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: heliocentric",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/heliocentric"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "barycentric",
    "term": "Barycentric",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Measured from a system’s center of mass, such as the Solar System’s barycenter.",
    "category": "Astronomy & coordinates",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Skyfield: astronomical positions",
        "url": "https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/positions.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Dynamical reference frame",
      "note": "The center of mass is computed from the modeled system’s masses and positions. It is useful for dynamics, but need not coincide with the Sun’s center or any visible object.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Skyfield: astronomical positions",
          "url": "https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/positions.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Greek combining forms.",
      "note": "Bary- refers to weight or heaviness; barycenter is a center of mass. The adjective identifies that center as origin.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: barycenter",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/barycenter"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "apparent-position",
    "term": "Apparent position",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "A direction corrected for observational effects such as aberration and gravitational light deflection; the precise correction set must be specified.",
    "category": "Astronomy & coordinates",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Skyfield: astronomical positions",
        "url": "https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/positions.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Observational model",
      "note": "The direction includes specified light-propagation and observer-motion corrections. “Apparent” is a technical model choice; the value is comparable only when the other calculation includes the same effects.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Skyfield: astronomical positions",
          "url": "https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/positions.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Descriptive astronomical phrase.",
      "note": "Apparent means appearing to an observer. The label concerns the observed-looking direction after specified corrections, not a claim that it is illusory.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: apparent",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/apparent"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "astrometric-position",
    "term": "Astrometric position",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "A direction corrected for light-travel time but not all apparent-position effects; it is not interchangeable with apparent coordinates.",
    "category": "Astronomy & coordinates",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Skyfield: astronomical positions",
        "url": "https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/positions.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Observational model",
      "note": "Light-travel correction produces an astrometric direction before additional apparent-position corrections. Mixing these two stages can look like a calculation error even when each implementation follows its stated convention.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Skyfield: astronomical positions",
          "url": "https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/positions.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Modern scientific compound.",
      "note": "Astrometry joins Greek astro-, star, with -metry, measurement; astrometric is its adjective, applied here to a corrected positional convention.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: astrometry",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/astrometry"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "parallax",
    "term": "Parallax",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "A change in apparent direction caused by observing from different positions.",
    "category": "Astronomy & coordinates",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Skyfield: astronomical positions",
        "url": "https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/positions.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Observable geometry",
      "note": "A baseline change produces a geometrically testable directional shift. Its size depends on distance and observer separation; a single geocentric longitude does not capture the full local effect.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Skyfield: astronomical positions",
          "url": "https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/positions.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Greek through French.",
      "note": "Greek parallaxis means alteration, from a verb meaning to change. Astronomy applies the name to a viewpoint-dependent shift.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: parallax",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/parallax"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "light-time-correction",
    "term": "Light-time correction",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Allowance for the time light takes to travel from an object to the observer.",
    "category": "Astronomy & coordinates",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Skyfield: astronomical positions",
        "url": "https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/positions.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Physical model",
      "note": "Finite light travel means an observed direction relates to an earlier emission event. The correction belongs to positional astronomy; it does not introduce an astrological delay in someone’s experience.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Skyfield: astronomical positions",
          "url": "https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/positions.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Descriptive English compound.",
      "note": "Light-time is the time light needs to travel; correction names the adjustment for receiving a body's earlier light.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Skyfield: astronomical positions",
          "url": "https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/positions.html"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "aberration",
    "term": "Aberration",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "A small apparent shift in direction caused by the observer’s motion and the finite speed of light.",
    "category": "Astronomy & coordinates",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Skyfield: astronomical positions",
        "url": "https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/positions.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Physical model",
      "note": "Observer motion and finite light speed explain this directional correction. Its inclusion affects high-precision coordinate comparisons, not the object’s underlying identity or an independently established symbolic meaning.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Skyfield: astronomical positions",
          "url": "https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/positions.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin borrowing.",
      "note": "From Latin aberratio and aberrare, to wander away. The astronomical use names a displacement from an uncorrected direction.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: aberration",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/aberration"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "utc",
    "term": "UTC",
    "aliases": [
      "Coordinated Universal Time"
    ],
    "definition": "The civil time standard used to identify a shared instant independently of local time zones.",
    "category": "Time & location",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "US Naval Observatory: Universal Time",
        "url": "https://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/UT"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Civil time standard",
      "note": "UTC is an agreed time standard realized through timekeeping institutions. A UTC timestamp identifies an instant, but converting an old local birth record still requires the relevant historical clock rules.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "US Naval Observatory: Universal Time",
          "url": "https://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/UT"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "International abbreviation.",
      "note": "UTC is the agreed abbreviation of Coordinated Universal Time. It does not follow the order of the English words.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "ITU: Coordinated Universal Time",
          "url": "https://www.itu.int/hub/2023/07/coordinated-universal-time-an-overview/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "ut1",
    "term": "UT1",
    "aliases": [
      "Universal Time 1"
    ],
    "definition": "An astronomical time scale following Earth’s actual rotation, used for orientation and house calculations.",
    "category": "Time & location",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "US Naval Observatory: Universal Time",
        "url": "https://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/UT"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Observed Earth rotation",
      "note": "UT1 is determined from Earth-orientation measurements and models. Earth does not rotate perfectly uniformly, so using civil UTC as an exact substitute can affect precise horizon calculations.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "US Naval Observatory: Universal Time",
          "url": "https://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/UT"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Standardized alphanumeric name.",
      "note": "UT abbreviates Universal Time; the 1 distinguishes the version corrected for polar motion from historical UT0.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "US Naval Observatory: Universal Time",
          "url": "https://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/UT"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "terrestrial-time",
    "term": "Terrestrial Time",
    "aliases": [
      "TT"
    ],
    "definition": "A uniform time scale used in astronomical models; it differs from rotation-based UT1.",
    "category": "Time & location",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "US Naval Observatory: Universal Time",
        "url": "https://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/UT"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Astronomical time scale",
      "note": "TT supplies the time argument for uniform astronomical models. It is not the time shown on an ordinary birth record, and the correct conversion matters when comparing ephemerides.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "US Naval Observatory: Universal Time",
          "url": "https://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/UT"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Standardized English name.",
      "note": "Terrestrial comes from Latin terra, earth. TT abbreviates Terrestrial Time, the Earth-associated theoretical time scale.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "BIPM: Time metrology",
          "url": "https://www.bipm.org/en/time-metrology"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: terrestrial",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/terrestrial"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "delta-t",
    "term": "Delta T",
    "aliases": [
      "ΔT",
      "delta_t_seconds"
    ],
    "definition": "Terrestrial Time minus UT1, usually expressed in seconds; historical values involve reconstruction and modelling.",
    "category": "Time & location",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "US Naval Observatory: Universal Time",
        "url": "https://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/UT"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Measured and reconstructed quantity",
      "note": "The difference between TT and UT1 depends on knowledge of Earth’s rotation. Recent determinations and distant historical reconstructions have different uncertainties; many decimal places do not remove that distinction.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "US Naval Observatory: Universal Time",
          "url": "https://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/UT"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Mathematical notation read aloud.",
      "note": "Delta is the Greek letter conventionally used for a difference; T denotes time. Here the difference is TT minus UT1.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "US Naval Observatory: Universal Time",
          "url": "https://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/UT"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "sidereal-time",
    "term": "Sidereal time",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "A measure of Earth’s rotation relative to the celestial reference direction rather than the mean Sun.",
    "category": "Time & location",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "US Naval Observatory: Computing Approximate Sidereal Time",
        "url": "https://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/GAST"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Earth-orientation convention",
      "note": "Sidereal time expresses rotational orientation against a celestial reference direction. Mean and apparent versions differ through nutation conventions; neither is simply another local civil time zone.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "US Naval Observatory: Computing Approximate Sidereal Time",
          "url": "https://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/GAST"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin adjective with English time.",
      "note": "Sidereal comes from Latin sidus, star or constellation. Its name distinguishes stellar-reference time from solar-reference time.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: sidereal",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sidereal"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "leap-second",
    "term": "Leap second",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "An adjustment to UTC used to keep civil time close to Earth-rotation time; it is unrelated to a leap day.",
    "category": "Time & location",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "US Naval Observatory: Universal Time",
        "url": "https://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/UT"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Timekeeping convention",
      "note": "Leap seconds are administrative adjustments linked to Earth-rotation monitoring. Their presence must come from the applicable time standard and date, rather than a repeating rule inferred from calendar leap years.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "US Naval Observatory: Universal Time",
          "url": "https://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/UT"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Descriptive extension of leap terminology.",
      "note": "The existing leap-day metaphor was extended to a one-second adjustment of civil time; second names its size.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "BIPM: Time metrology",
          "url": "https://www.bipm.org/en/time-metrology"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "julian-date",
    "term": "Julian date",
    "aliases": [
      "Julian day",
      "JD",
      "jd_tt",
      "jd_ut1"
    ],
    "definition": "A continuous astronomical day count with fractions for time of day. The accompanying time scale must be stated.",
    "category": "Time & location",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "US Naval Observatory: Julian dates",
        "url": "https://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/JD_formula"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Counting convention",
      "note": "A continuous day count makes time arithmetic reproducible. The number needs an accompanying time scale and day-boundary convention; it is not itself evidence for a historical calendar identification.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "US Naval Observatory: Julian dates",
          "url": "https://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/JD_formula"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Historical astronomical name.",
      "note": "The day count derives from Scaliger's Julian Period, named for its Julian-calendar years; it is not simply a date written in that calendar.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "US Naval Observatory: Calendars, Explanatory Supplement",
          "url": "https://aa.usno.navy.mil/downloads/c15_usb_online.pdf"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "j2000",
    "term": "J2000",
    "aliases": [
      "J2000.0"
    ],
    "definition": "A standard epoch at 12:00 Terrestrial Time on 1 January 2000, often used for celestial coordinates.",
    "category": "Time & location",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "US Naval Observatory: Julian dates",
        "url": "https://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/JD_formula"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Reference epoch",
      "note": "The epoch is defined at a specified TT instant. A catalogue labeled J2000 still needs its frame and proper-motion information; an epoch label alone cannot place a star at another date.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "US Naval Observatory: Julian dates",
          "url": "https://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/JD_formula"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Standardized epoch notation.",
      "note": "J denotes a Julian epoch and 2000 its year label; J2000.0 names a precisely defined astronomical reference instant.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "US Naval Observatory: Julian dates",
          "url": "https://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/JD_formula"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "gregorian-calendar",
    "term": "Gregorian calendar",
    "aliases": [
      "Gregorian"
    ],
    "definition": "The civil calendar used by this form; its leap-year rule differs from the older Julian calendar.",
    "category": "Time & location",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "US Naval Observatory: Julian dates",
        "url": "https://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/JD_formula"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Civil calendar convention",
      "note": "Gregorian arithmetic follows a defined leap-year rule. Historical documents did not adopt it everywhere at once, so a correctly calculated proleptic date may differ from the date originally recorded.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "US Naval Observatory: Julian dates",
          "url": "https://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/JD_formula"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Eponym.",
      "note": "Named after Pope Gregory XIII, who promulgated the calendar reform in 1582. Gregorian is the adjectival form of his name.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "US Naval Observatory: Calendars, Explanatory Supplement",
          "url": "https://aa.usno.navy.mil/downloads/c15_usb_online.pdf"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "proleptic-calendar",
    "term": "Proleptic calendar",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "A calendar’s rules extended backward before their historical adoption, useful for consistent software calculations.",
    "category": "Time & location",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "US Naval Observatory: Julian dates",
        "url": "https://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/JD_formula"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Computational convention",
      "note": "Extending a calendar’s rules backward creates consistent arithmetic. It does not establish that a historical community actually used those rules or wrote the resulting date.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "US Naval Observatory: Julian dates",
          "url": "https://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/JD_formula"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Greek-derived adjective.",
      "note": "Proleptic comes from prolepsis, anticipation. A proleptic calendar applies a rule backward beyond its historical introduction.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: prolepsis",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/prolepsis"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "epoch",
    "term": "Epoch",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "A reference instant for a catalogue, coordinate model, or orbital elements; not necessarily the observation date.",
    "category": "Time & location",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "US Naval Observatory: Julian dates",
        "url": "https://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/JD_formula"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Model reference convention",
      "note": "An epoch anchors positions or model parameters to an instant. It must be read with the associated frame and motion model; it does not necessarily identify when an observation was made.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "US Naval Observatory: Julian dates",
          "url": "https://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/JD_formula"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Greek through Medieval Latin.",
      "note": "Greek epoche meant a stopping or fixed point; astronomy uses epoch for a fixed reference instant.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: epoch",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/epoch"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "time-zone",
    "term": "Time zone",
    "aliases": [
      "timezone"
    ],
    "definition": "A named set of local clock rules, including historical changes; Europe/Berlin is more informative than a fixed UTC offset.",
    "category": "Time & location",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "IANA: time-zone database",
        "url": "https://www.iana.org/time-zones"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Historical civil rules",
      "note": "A zone database records political clock rules, including changes over time. These records can be revised, especially for older dates; a present-day offset is insufficient for historical conversion.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "IANA: time-zone database",
          "url": "https://www.iana.org/time-zones"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Descriptive English compound.",
      "note": "Zone means a belt or region; time zone names a region sharing civil-time rules, not necessarily one unchanging offset.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: zone",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/zone"
        }
      ]
    },
    "related": [
      "civil-day"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "utc-offset",
    "term": "UTC offset",
    "aliases": [
      "utc_offset_seconds"
    ],
    "definition": "The amount added to UTC to obtain local civil time at a particular instant.",
    "category": "Time & location",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "IANA: time-zone database",
        "url": "https://www.iana.org/time-zones"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Date-dependent civil quantity",
      "note": "The offset follows the clock rules at a particular instant. Two dates in the same city may have different offsets, so storing only today’s value can misidentify a birth instant.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "IANA: time-zone database",
          "url": "https://www.iana.org/time-zones"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Abbreviation plus descriptive English noun.",
      "note": "Offset means a displacement from a reference; UTC identifies the reference against which civil clock time is displaced.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: offset",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/offset"
        },
        {
          "title": "ITU: Coordinated Universal Time",
          "url": "https://www.itu.int/hub/2023/07/coordinated-universal-time-an-overview/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "daylight-saving-time",
    "term": "Daylight saving time",
    "aliases": [
      "DST"
    ],
    "definition": "A seasonal legal clock adjustment whose dates and rules depend on place and year.",
    "category": "Time & location",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "IANA: time-zone database",
        "url": "https://www.iana.org/time-zones"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Legal clock convention",
      "note": "Seasonal clock changes are institutional decisions documented by place and year. They are not corrections for the Sun’s actual position, and one country’s schedule cannot stand in for another’s.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "IANA: time-zone database",
          "url": "https://www.iana.org/time-zones"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Descriptive policy name.",
      "note": "Saving refers to shifting usable daylight into later clock hours. The phrase names a clock arrangement, not additional astronomical daylight.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: daylight saving time",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/daylight%20saving%20time"
        }
      ]
    },
    "related": [
      "civil-day"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "ambiguous-local-time",
    "term": "Ambiguous local time",
    "aliases": [
      "time fold"
    ],
    "definition": "A clock reading repeated when clocks move backward; an offset or fold choice is needed to identify the instant.",
    "category": "Time & location",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "IANA: time-zone database",
        "url": "https://www.iana.org/time-zones"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Time-zone conversion rule",
      "note": "A backward clock change can map one local reading to two instants. The clock record alone cannot choose between them; an offset, occurrence choice or additional historical evidence is needed.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "IANA: time-zone database",
          "url": "https://www.iana.org/time-zones"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Descriptive computing label.",
      "note": "Ambiguous names a wall-clock reading with more than one possible instant. Time fold is the backward-clock metaphor used in time-zone software.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Python PEP 495: Local Time Disambiguation",
          "url": "https://peps.python.org/pep-0495/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "nonexistent-local-time",
    "term": "Nonexistent local time",
    "aliases": [
      "time gap"
    ],
    "definition": "A clock reading skipped when clocks move forward; it cannot represent an instant under those local rules.",
    "category": "Time & location",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "IANA: time-zone database",
        "url": "https://www.iana.org/time-zones"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Time-zone conversion rule",
      "note": "A forward clock change can leave a local reading with no corresponding instant. Software should surface that conflict; silently shifting the time adds information the record did not provide.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "IANA: time-zone database",
          "url": "https://www.iana.org/time-zones"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Descriptive computing label.",
      "note": "Nonexistent names a wall-clock reading skipped when clocks advance. Time gap describes that missing interval in local clock notation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Python PEP 495: Local Time Disambiguation",
          "url": "https://peps.python.org/pep-0495/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "ephemeris",
    "term": "Ephemeris",
    "aliases": [
      "ephemerides"
    ],
    "definition": "A table or numerical model giving astronomical positions at specified times.",
    "category": "Calculation concepts",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: technical documentation",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swisseph.htm"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Numerical astronomical model",
      "note": "An ephemeris predicts positions from fitted observations and dynamical models. Agreement with independent observations tests the positional calculation, while its date range and model assumptions limit accuracy.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: technical documentation",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swisseph.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Greek through Latin.",
      "note": "Greek ephemeris meant a diary or daily record; astronomical tables preserve the idea of positions recorded day by day.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: ephemeris",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ephemeris"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "swiss-ephemeris",
    "term": "Swiss Ephemeris",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "The astronomical calculation library used here; agreement with it checks numerical calculations, not astrological meanings.",
    "category": "Calculation concepts",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: technical documentation",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swisseph.htm"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Documented software implementation",
      "note": "The library documents positional algorithms and selectable conventions. Matching its output establishes implementation agreement; checking returned flags and independent references is still necessary before making an accuracy claim.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: technical documentation",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swisseph.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Modern product name.",
      "note": "Swiss identifies the Swiss-developed Astrodienst ephemeris library; ephemeris is the older word for a table of celestial positions.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Astrodienst: Swiss Ephemeris programming manual",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swephprg.htm"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: ephemeris",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ephemeris"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "moshier-ephemeris",
    "term": "Moshier ephemeris",
    "aliases": [
      "Moshier"
    ],
    "definition": "An analytical planetary model available as a Swiss Ephemeris fallback when the appropriate data files are unavailable.",
    "category": "Calculation concepts",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: technical documentation",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swisseph.htm"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Analytical astronomical model",
      "note": "This fallback supplies positions through an analytical model. It may keep a calculation available when files are missing, but its use must be disclosed instead of reporting file-based ephemeris precision.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: technical documentation",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swisseph.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Eponym.",
      "note": "Moshier is the surname of numerical-software author Stephen L. Moshier. The label distinguishes his calculation implementation within the ephemeris options.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Astrodienst: Swiss Ephemeris programming manual",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swephprg.htm"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "precession",
    "term": "Precession",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "The slow change in Earth’s axis orientation that shifts equinox-based coordinate references relative to distant stars.",
    "category": "Calculation concepts",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: technical documentation",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swisseph.htm"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Observed and modeled motion",
      "note": "Changes in Earth’s orientation are modeled from astronomical evidence. Their coordinate effects explain changing equinox references; they do not by themselves select one astrological zodiac as the correct interpretive system.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: technical documentation",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swisseph.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin through Medieval Latin.",
      "note": "From praecessio, going before. The name originally referred to the equinoxes occurring progressively earlier against the stars.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: precession",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/precession"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "nutation",
    "term": "Nutation",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Smaller periodic variations in Earth’s axis orientation superimposed on precession.",
    "category": "Calculation concepts",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: technical documentation",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swisseph.htm"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Observed and modeled motion",
      "note": "Periodic orientation terms refine the broader precession model. Comparing results requires knowing whether nutation is included; adding it improves coordinate consistency, not the evidential status of a reading.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: technical documentation",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swisseph.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin borrowing.",
      "note": "Latin nutatio means nodding, from nutare, to nod or rock; the name describes the smaller oscillation superimposed on precession.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: nutation",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/nutation"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "obliquity",
    "term": "Obliquity",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "The angle between Earth’s equatorial plane and the ecliptic.",
    "category": "Calculation concepts",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "NASA JPL: astronomy glossary",
        "url": "https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/glossary/"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Astronomical geometry",
      "note": "The tilt is defined between two reference planes and varies with time. A model must specify mean or true obliquity; the number is not a measure of personal inclination.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "NASA JPL: astronomy glossary",
          "url": "https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/glossary/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin through French.",
      "note": "Latin obliquitas means slanting or being at an angle; here it names the tilt between equator and ecliptic.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: obliquity",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/obliquity"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "longitude-speed",
    "term": "Longitude speed",
    "aliases": [
      "longitude_speed_deg_per_day"
    ],
    "definition": "How quickly ecliptic longitude is changing, in degrees per day; negative values indicate retrograde motion in that frame.",
    "category": "Calculation concepts",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: technical documentation",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swisseph.htm"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Derived astronomical quantity",
      "note": "Speed is the time derivative of longitude in the chosen frame. A negative value describes that coordinate’s motion; changing the origin or frame can change its interpretation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: technical documentation",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swisseph.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Descriptive mathematical compound.",
      "note": "Longitude identifies the angular coordinate; speed identifies its rate of change. This label does not mean linear travel speed.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: longitude",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/longitude"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "backend-flag",
    "term": "Backend flag",
    "aliases": [
      "ephemeris flags"
    ],
    "definition": "Machine-readable settings reporting which calculation model or coordinate options were requested or actually used.",
    "category": "Calculation concepts",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: technical documentation",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swisseph.htm"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Computational provenance",
      "note": "Returned flags record how software actually produced a result. They can reveal substitutions and correction choices, but a matching flag alone does not independently test numerical accuracy.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: technical documentation",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swisseph.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Descriptive software compound.",
      "note": "Backend names the calculation machinery behind the interface; flag is a software marker identifying a mode or condition.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: flag",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/flag"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "tropical-zodiac",
    "term": "Tropical zodiac",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Twelve equal 30° signs beginning at the March equinox, tied to the seasonal reference rather than constellation boundaries.",
    "category": "Zodiac & chart foundations",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Deborah Houlding: absolute zodiac longitude",
        "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/absolute-longitude/"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Seasonal coordinate convention",
      "note": "The equinox defines the origin of twelve equal sectors. That construction is reproducible; linking a sector to character or events is a further interpretive claim, not a result of the coordinate definition.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Deborah Houlding: absolute zodiac longitude",
          "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/absolute-longitude/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Classical astronomical terminology.",
      "note": "Tropical is related to the tropics and turning of the Sun; zodiac descends from Greek terminology for the band of figured signs.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: tropical",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/tropical"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: zodiac",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/zodiac"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "zodiac-sign",
    "term": "Zodiac sign",
    "aliases": [
      "sign"
    ],
    "definition": "One of twelve equal 30° sectors in a specified zodiac; not the same thing as an IAU constellation.",
    "category": "Zodiac & chart foundations",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.4–24, Robbins translation",
        "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
      }
    ],
    "autoLink": false,
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Geometric and symbolic convention",
      "note": "A sign is defined by a sector within a named zodiac, whereas its qualities come from a tradition. Accurate sector assignment does not turn those qualities into measured personality traits.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.4–24, Robbins translation",
          "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Greek and Latin roots through English.",
      "note": "Zodiac derives from Greek zoidion, a pictured figure or zodiacal sign; sign comes from Latin signum, a mark.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: zodiac",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/zodiac"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: sign",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sign"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "cardinal-signs",
    "term": "Cardinal signs",
    "aliases": [
      "cardinal"
    ],
    "definition": "Aries, Cancer, Libra and Capricorn; a traditional grouping associated with seasonal turning points in the tropical zodiac.",
    "category": "Zodiac & chart foundations",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.4–24, Robbins translation",
        "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Traditional classification",
      "note": "The grouping follows the tropical seasonal turning points in the classical scheme. Applying its symbolism to initiative is an interpretive analogy, not a direct observation of the person being described.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.4–24, Robbins translation",
          "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin-derived adjective.",
      "note": "Cardinal derives from cardo, hinge, then principal or pivotal. The seasonal turning points explain its astrological application.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: cardinal",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cardinal"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "fixed-signs",
    "term": "Fixed signs",
    "aliases": [
      "fixed modality"
    ],
    "definition": "Taurus, Leo, Scorpio and Aquarius; one of astrology’s three four-sign groupings.",
    "category": "Zodiac & chart foundations",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.4–24, Robbins translation",
        "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Traditional classification",
      "note": "Classical texts document this four-sign grouping. The label describes a place within an astrological scheme; it does not show that people assigned these signs resist change.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.4–24, Robbins translation",
          "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Descriptive English classification.",
      "note": "Fixed means established or held in place. The classification uses this steadiness metaphor for Taurus, Leo, Scorpio, and Aquarius.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: fixed",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/fixed"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "mutable-signs",
    "term": "Mutable signs",
    "aliases": [
      "mutable",
      "common signs"
    ],
    "definition": "Gemini, Virgo, Sagittarius and Pisces; the traditional group between fixed signs and the next seasonal turning point.",
    "category": "Zodiac & chart foundations",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.4–24, Robbins translation",
        "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Traditional classification",
      "note": "The grouping is inherited from zodiacal classification rules. Its association with changeability is symbolic, and should not be mistaken for a measured behavioral category.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.4–24, Robbins translation",
          "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin-derived adjective.",
      "note": "Mutable comes from Latin mutabilis, changeable, from mutare, to change; the name supplies the classification's changeability metaphor.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: mutable",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/mutable"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "triplicity",
    "term": "Triplicity",
    "aliases": [
      "elemental triplicity"
    ],
    "definition": "A grouping of three zodiac signs associated with fire, earth, air or water; rulership tables vary by tradition.",
    "category": "Zodiac & chart foundations",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.4–24, Robbins translation",
        "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "William Lilly: Christian Astrology (1647), original text, pp. 101–112",
        "url": "https://archive.org/stream/b30338724/b30338724_djvu.txt"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Traditional correspondence",
      "note": "Elemental groupings and their rulers are historical interpretive conventions. In Lilly-style use, the triplicity ruler can depend on whether the chart is judged by day or night; use the named table and sect rule rather than treating one ruler list as universal.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.4–24, Robbins translation",
          "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin through Middle English.",
      "note": "From triplicitas, threefoldness. Each elemental triplicity contains three zodiac signs.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: triplicity",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/triplicity"
        }
      ]
    },
    "related": [
      "essential-dignity",
      "bound",
      "astrological-face",
      "reception"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "sect",
    "term": "Sect",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "A traditional distinction between day and night charts and the planetary groups associated with each.",
    "category": "Zodiac & chart foundations",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.4–24, Robbins translation",
        "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Historical rule with a geometric input",
      "note": "Day or night can be established from a declared solar-horizon rule. The planetary teams and their favorable conditions are traditional interpretations layered onto that astronomical distinction.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.4–24, Robbins translation",
          "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin through French.",
      "note": "Latin secta meant a following or school. Astrological sect applies the grouping idea to day and night planetary affiliations.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: sect",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sect"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "benefic",
    "term": "Benefic",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "A traditional label, especially for Venus and Jupiter, describing an interpretive tendency rather than guaranteed good events.",
    "category": "Zodiac & chart foundations",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.4–24, Robbins translation",
        "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Historical interpretive category",
      "note": "Classical texts assign favorable tendencies to certain planets within a larger judgment. The designation is conditional and symbolic; it is not evidence that a placement guarantees a beneficial outcome.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.4–24, Robbins translation",
          "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin borrowing.",
      "note": "Latin beneficus combines bene, well, with facere, to do. The traditional label describes doing good or bringing benefit.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: benefic",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/benefic"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "malefic",
    "term": "Malefic",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "A traditional label, especially for Mars and Saturn, describing an interpretive tendency rather than guaranteed harm.",
    "category": "Zodiac & chart foundations",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.4–24, Robbins translation",
        "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Historical interpretive category",
      "note": "Classical texts use this category for demanding or adverse tendencies within context. It is not an observed harmful force, a moral description of a person, or a prediction of inevitable injury.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.4–24, Robbins translation",
          "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin borrowing.",
      "note": "Latin maleficus combines male, badly, with a form of facere, to do. The traditional label describes a harmful influence.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: malefic",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/malefic"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "natal-chart",
    "term": "Natal chart",
    "aliases": [
      "birth chart",
      "nativity"
    ],
    "definition": "A chart calculated for a person’s birth time and place, used as a starting point for astrological interpretation.",
    "category": "Houses & angles",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Lilly: Christian Astrology, annotated primary text",
        "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/CA.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Calculation plus interpretation",
      "note": "A birth record and calculation conventions produce a reproducible chart. Uncertain time or place limits its angular precision, while personality and life-event readings require evidence beyond correctly plotted positions.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Lilly: Christian Astrology, annotated primary text",
          "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/CA.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin-derived adjective with English noun.",
      "note": "Natal comes from natalis, relating to birth, from nasci, to be born. The chart is named for the birth occasion.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: natal",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/natal"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "ascendant",
    "term": "Ascendant",
    "aliases": [
      "rising sign"
    ],
    "definition": "The zodiac point on the eastern horizon at the chart’s time and location; the rising sign contains that point.",
    "category": "Houses & angles",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Lilly: Christian Astrology, annotated primary text",
        "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/CA.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Spherical geometry with symbolic use",
      "note": "The point follows from the eastern horizon and ecliptic at a specified instant. Its calculation is sensitive to birth time and location; associations with identity are a separate interpretive step.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Lilly: Christian Astrology, annotated primary text",
          "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/CA.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin through Medieval Latin.",
      "note": "From ascendens, rising, the participle of ascendere. Its astrological name identifies the zodiacal degree rising at the eastern horizon.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: ascendant",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ascendant"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "descendant",
    "term": "Descendant",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "The zodiac point on the western horizon, opposite the Ascendant.",
    "category": "Houses & angles",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Lilly: Christian Astrology, annotated primary text",
        "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/CA.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Spherical geometry with symbolic use",
      "note": "The point is geometrically opposite the Ascendant in the same chart frame. Its connection with partnership is traditional symbolism, not a measurement of another person or relationship quality.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Lilly: Christian Astrology, annotated primary text",
          "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/CA.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin-derived counterpart of ascendant.",
      "note": "From descendere, to go down. In a chart, the name identifies the setting counterpart of the rising ascendant.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: descendant",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/descendant"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "midheaven",
    "term": "Midheaven",
    "aliases": [
      "Medium Coeli"
    ],
    "definition": "The ecliptic’s intersection with the meridian associated with upper culmination; it need not be the whole-sign tenth-house boundary.",
    "category": "Houses & angles",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Lilly: Christian Astrology, annotated primary text",
        "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/CA.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Spherical geometry with symbolic use",
      "note": "The meridian–ecliptic intersection is computable from time and place. Its vocational symbolism and its relationship to the tenth house depend on the interpretive and house conventions selected.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Lilly: Christian Astrology, annotated primary text",
          "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/CA.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "English compound; also Latin Medium Coeli.",
      "note": "Midheaven is the English rendering of the middle of heaven. MC abbreviates Medium Coeli, the traditional Latin name.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: midheaven",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/midheaven"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "imum-coeli",
    "term": "Imum Coeli",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "The point opposite the Midheaven, associated with the lower meridian intersection.",
    "category": "Houses & angles",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Lilly: Christian Astrology, annotated primary text",
        "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/CA.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Spherical geometry with symbolic use",
      "note": "This point is fixed by opposition to the Midheaven. Associations with home and roots belong to astrological interpretation; the computed angle does not establish facts about someone’s family.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Lilly: Christian Astrology, annotated primary text",
          "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/CA.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin phrase.",
      "note": "Imum means lowest part and coeli means of heaven. IC preserves this traditional name for the lower meridian angle.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: imum coeli",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/imum%20coeli"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "house",
    "term": "House",
    "aliases": [
      "astrological house"
    ],
    "definition": "One of twelve chart divisions used for life topics. The boundaries depend on the chosen house system.",
    "category": "Houses & angles",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Lilly: Christian Astrology, annotated primary text",
        "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/CA.html"
      }
    ],
    "autoLink": false,
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Traditional division convention",
      "note": "House systems partition a chart by different geometric rules and assign topics to those divisions. A precise cusp calculation validates that chosen construction, not the universal truth of its life-topic assignments.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Lilly: Christian Astrology, annotated primary text",
          "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/CA.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Inherited English word used metaphorically.",
      "note": "House originally names a dwelling. Astrology applies the dwelling or place metaphor to chart divisions assigned topics.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: house",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/house"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "house-cusp",
    "term": "House cusp",
    "aliases": [
      "cusp"
    ],
    "definition": "A house boundary in the selected system; being near a cusp does not by itself create a blended zodiac sign.",
    "category": "Houses & angles",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Deborah Houlding: house division principles",
        "url": "https://direct.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/house-division/"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "System-dependent boundary",
      "note": "A cusp is reproducible only after a house method is chosen. A planet can change house when the method changes without changing its sky position; boundary proximity should be reported explicitly.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Deborah Houlding: house division principles",
          "url": "https://direct.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/house-division/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "English compound with Latin-derived cusp.",
      "note": "Cusp comes from cuspis, point. A house cusp is the marked boundary or beginning point of a house.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: cusp",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cusp"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "whole-sign-houses",
    "term": "Whole-sign houses",
    "aliases": [
      "whole signs"
    ],
    "definition": "The Ascendant’s entire zodiac sign is house one; each following sign becomes the next house.",
    "category": "Houses & angles",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Deborah Houlding: house division principles",
        "url": "https://direct.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/house-division/"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Traditional counting rule",
      "note": "House assignment follows the Ascendant’s sign and a twelve-sign count. Its reproducibility comes from the rule; agreement within that rule does not demonstrate superiority over other house conventions.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Deborah Houlding: house division principles",
          "url": "https://direct.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/house-division/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Descriptive English method name.",
      "note": "Whole-sign states that one entire sign serves as one house; the wording distinguishes the division rule directly.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Deborah Houlding: house division principles",
          "url": "https://direct.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/house-division/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "equal-houses",
    "term": "Equal houses",
    "aliases": [
      "equal-house system"
    ],
    "definition": "Twelve 30° houses; in the usual Ascendant-based version, house one starts at the Ascendant’s exact degree.",
    "category": "Houses & angles",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Deborah Houlding: house division principles",
        "url": "https://direct.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/house-division/"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Geometric division convention",
      "note": "The usual construction spaces boundaries thirty degrees from the Ascendant. This makes cusp arithmetic simple, but does not prove that equal sectors correspond to equal or measurable life influences.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Deborah Houlding: house division principles",
          "url": "https://direct.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/house-division/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Descriptive English method name.",
      "note": "Equal identifies the repeated equal angular size of the houses. The name describes their division rather than a founder.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Deborah Houlding: house division principles",
          "url": "https://direct.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/house-division/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "placidus-houses",
    "term": "Placidus houses",
    "aliases": [
      "Placidus"
    ],
    "definition": "A time-based quadrant house method; some cusps cannot be calculated at high latitudes.",
    "category": "Houses & angles",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Deborah Houlding: house division principles",
        "url": "https://direct.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/house-division/"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Spherical division method",
      "note": "The method derives cusps through time-based divisions of diurnal motion. Some high-latitude configurations lack solutions; substituting another method without disclosure changes the chart’s stated construction.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Deborah Houlding: house division principles",
          "url": "https://direct.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/house-division/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Eponym.",
      "note": "Named after Placidus de Titis, the seventeenth-century astrologer associated with this house method. The label is an eponym.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Astrodienst: Swiss Ephemeris programming manual",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swephprg.htm"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "koch-houses",
    "term": "Koch houses",
    "aliases": [
      "Koch"
    ],
    "definition": "A time-based quadrant house method with high-latitude limits; its cusps differ from Placidus.",
    "category": "Houses & angles",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: programming manual",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swephprg.htm"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Spherical division method",
      "note": "Koch uses its own time-based house construction. Its high-latitude limits are mathematical constraints, not evidence that a person lacks the life topics assigned to unavailable houses.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: programming manual",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swephprg.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Eponym.",
      "note": "Koch is the surname of Walter Koch, associated with the method's development and promotion. It is a personal name, not a geometric acronym.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Astrodienst: Swiss Ephemeris programming manual",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swephprg.htm"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "quadrant-houses",
    "term": "Quadrant houses",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "House methods that divide the four sectors between Ascendant, Midheaven, Descendant and Imum Coeli.",
    "category": "Houses & angles",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Deborah Houlding: house division principles",
        "url": "https://direct.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/house-division/"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Family of division conventions",
      "note": "These methods share the four angles but divide the spaces between them differently. Shared endpoints do not make their intermediate cusps interchangeable or establish one universal set of house positions.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Deborah Houlding: house division principles",
          "url": "https://direct.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/house-division/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin-derived geometric label.",
      "note": "Quadrant comes from Latin quadrans, a fourth part. These systems divide the quadrants between chart angles.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: quadrant",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/quadrant"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "aspect",
    "term": "Aspect",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "A specified angular relationship between chart positions, usually measured in zodiac longitude; different schools select different angles.",
    "category": "Aspects & angular relationships",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.4–24, Robbins translation",
        "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
      }
    ],
    "autoLink": false,
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Measured angle plus selected rule",
      "note": "Angular separation is computable, but selecting meaningful angles, tolerances and interpretations is conventional. A detected aspect establishes the stated geometry, not a causal connection between the represented life topics.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.4–24, Robbins translation",
          "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin through Middle English.",
      "note": "Latin aspectus, from aspicere, means a looking at. The name retains the old metaphor of planets seeing one another.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: aspect",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/aspect"
        }
      ]
    },
    "related": [
      "harmonic-chart",
      "reduced-harmonic-order"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "conjunction",
    "term": "Conjunction",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "An aspect near 0° separation in the chosen coordinate measure; matching longitude does not guarantee physical closeness.",
    "category": "Aspects & angular relationships",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.4–24, Robbins translation",
        "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Angular criterion",
      "note": "A conjunction is a match in the chosen angular coordinate within an orb. Different latitudes and distances can separate the bodies physically; interpretive blending is not implied by longitude alone.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.4–24, Robbins translation",
          "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin-derived noun.",
      "note": "Conjunction belongs to the family of conjunct, joined together. The astronomical use names bodies meeting in a shared direction.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: conjunct",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/conjunct"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "opposition",
    "term": "Opposition",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "An aspect near 180° separation in zodiac longitude.",
    "category": "Aspects & angular relationships",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.4–24, Robbins translation",
        "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Angular criterion",
      "note": "The geometry is near half a circle in the chosen coordinate. Reading it as tension or complementarity is a traditional analogy, not a measured conflict between people or forces.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.4–24, Robbins translation",
          "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin through French.",
      "note": "From oppositio, placing against or opposite. The geometry uses the same opposed-position idea for a half-circle separation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: opposition",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/opposition"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "trine",
    "term": "Trine",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "An aspect near 120° separation in zodiac longitude.",
    "category": "Aspects & angular relationships",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.4–24, Robbins translation",
        "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Angular criterion",
      "note": "The geometric relationship divides the circle into thirds. Its usual favorable symbolism is inherited interpretation; identifying a trine does not demonstrate ease, talent or an eventual success.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.4–24, Robbins translation",
          "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin through French.",
      "note": "Latin trinus means threefold, from trini, three each; a trine spans one third of a circle.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: trine",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/trine"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "square",
    "term": "Square",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "An aspect near 90° separation in zodiac longitude.",
    "category": "Aspects & angular relationships",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.4–24, Robbins translation",
        "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
      }
    ],
    "autoLink": false,
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Angular criterion",
      "note": "The relationship is near a quarter circle under a stated orb. Traditional difficulty symbolism should not be confused with an observed physical obstruction or a guaranteed adverse event.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.4–24, Robbins translation",
          "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Ordinary geometric name.",
      "note": "Square names the four-sided equal-sided figure; the astrological aspect corresponds to one quarter of the circle, or a right angle.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: square",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/square"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "sextile",
    "term": "Sextile",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "An aspect near 60° separation in zodiac longitude.",
    "category": "Aspects & angular relationships",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.4–24, Robbins translation",
        "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Angular criterion",
      "note": "The relationship is near one sixth of a circle. Treating it as cooperation or opportunity is an interpretive convention; the angular measurement cannot establish that an opportunity exists.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.4–24, Robbins translation",
          "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin borrowing.",
      "note": "Latin sextilus means sixth, from sextus. The aspect is one sixth of the circle.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: sextile",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sextile"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "orb",
    "term": "Orb",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "The permitted distance from an exact aspect. Different techniques use different limits.",
    "category": "Aspects & angular relationships",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Lilly: Christian Astrology, annotated primary text",
        "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/CA.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Practitioner tolerance",
      "note": "An orb decides which near-matches count under a technique. Widening it changes the result set, so the tolerance must be declared before comparison; it is not a measured radius of influence.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Lilly: Christian Astrology, annotated primary text",
          "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/CA.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin through French.",
      "note": "Latin orbis means circle, disk, or sphere. Astrology extended the surrounding-circle idea to a permitted range around exact contact.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: orb",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/orb"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "applying-aspect",
    "term": "Applying aspect",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "An aspect currently moving toward exactness, judged from the bodies’ relative motion; a later station can interrupt it.",
    "category": "Aspects & angular relationships",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Lilly: Christian Astrology, annotated primary text",
        "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/CA.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Local motion test",
      "note": "Relative motion shows whether a contact is approaching exactness at that instant. A later station or change of direction can interrupt it, so application alone does not establish future completion.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Lilly: Christian Astrology, annotated primary text",
          "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/CA.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Descriptive participial phrase.",
      "note": "Applying uses apply in the older sense of drawing toward or bringing together; the aspect is moving toward exactness.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: apply",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/apply"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "separating-aspect",
    "term": "Separating aspect",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "An aspect currently moving away from exactness, judged from the bodies’ relative motion.",
    "category": "Aspects & angular relationships",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Lilly: Christian Astrology, annotated primary text",
        "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/CA.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Local motion test",
      "note": "Relative motion shows the contact moving away from exactness. Interpreting that geometry as a completed life event requires a separate rule; it does not independently identify what happened.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Lilly: Christian Astrology, annotated primary text",
          "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/CA.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Descriptive participial phrase.",
      "note": "Separating means moving apart after contact; the label describes an aspect whose exact meeting has already passed.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: separate",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/separate"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "quincunx",
    "term": "Quincunx",
    "aliases": [
      "inconjunct"
    ],
    "definition": "A modern aspect near 150°; historical uses of “inconjunct” can instead mean signs lacking a recognized classical aspect.",
    "category": "Aspects & angular relationships",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: programming manual",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swephprg.htm"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "School-dependent angular rule",
      "note": "The modern 150° aspect is a chosen relationship. Older descriptions of signs lacking a classical aspect use a different concept, so sharing a name does not establish equivalent calculations or meanings.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: programming manual",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swephprg.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin numerical name.",
      "note": "Quincunx literally means five twelfths, from quinque and uncia. Five twelfths of the zodiacal circle is 150 degrees.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: quincunx",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/quincunx"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "parallel-of-declination",
    "term": "Parallel of declination",
    "aliases": [
      "declination parallel"
    ],
    "definition": "Two objects at nearly the same declination, using a stated tolerance.",
    "category": "Aspects & angular relationships",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: programming manual",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swephprg.htm"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Equatorial angular criterion",
      "note": "The comparison uses matching declinations within a stated tolerance. It is not a zodiac-longitude conjunction; any analogous interpretation is a school’s choice rather than a consequence of coordinate equality.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: programming manual",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swephprg.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Geometric phrase.",
      "note": "Parallel comes from Greek language for being beside one another; of declination specifies the coordinate being matched.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: parallel",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/parallel"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: declination",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/declination"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "contra-parallel",
    "term": "Contra-parallel",
    "aliases": [
      "contraparallel"
    ],
    "definition": "Two objects with nearly equal declination magnitudes on opposite sides of the celestial equator.",
    "category": "Aspects & angular relationships",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: programming manual",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swephprg.htm"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Equatorial angular criterion",
      "note": "The comparison matches declination magnitudes across the celestial equator. Its geometry is testable, but equating it with a zodiacal opposition adds an interpretive correspondence.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: programming manual",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swephprg.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin prefix on a geometric term.",
      "note": "Contra- means opposite or against; it marks equal-sized declinations on opposite sides of the celestial equator.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: contra-",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/contra-"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: parallel",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/parallel"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "annual-profection",
    "term": "Annual profection",
    "aliases": [
      "profections",
      "annual profections"
    ],
    "definition": "A traditional timing method advancing the starting sign by one sign for each completed year of age.",
    "category": "Timing & comparison",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Astrodienst: annual profections and zodiacal releasing",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/astrology/tma_article190314_e.htm"
      },
      {
        "title": "Chris Brennan: Annual Profections lecture (2018)",
        "url": "https://theastrologypodcast.com/transcripts/ep-153-annual-profections-an-ancient-time-lord-technique/"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Historical timing rule",
      "note": "Completed age determines a repeated twelve-sign count under the chosen starting point. The calculation can be checked arithmetically; interpreting the activated sign as a year’s events is an additional claim.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Astrodienst: annual profections and zodiacal releasing",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/astrology/tma_article190314_e.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin-derived technical phrase.",
      "note": "Profection comes from profectio, advancement or going forward; annual specifies the year-by-year advance.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: profection",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/profection"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "zodiacal-releasing",
    "term": "Zodiacal releasing",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "A traditional sequence of periods assigned to zodiac signs, commonly started from a specified lot.",
    "category": "Timing & comparison",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Astrodienst: annual profections and zodiacal releasing",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/astrology/tma_article190314_e.htm"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Historical period scheme",
      "note": "A selected lot and traditional sign periods generate a dated sequence. Results depend on the starting lot and timing conventions; a named period does not independently establish a turning point in life.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Astrodienst: annual profections and zodiacal releasing",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/astrology/tma_article190314_e.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Modern English rendering of an older technique name.",
      "note": "Releasing expresses setting loose or starting a time sequence; zodiacal identifies its progression through signs. A single first English coiner is not established here.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Astrodienst: annual profections and zodiacal releasing",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/astrology/tma_article190314_e.htm"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "transit",
    "term": "Transit",
    "aliases": [
      "transits"
    ],
    "definition": "A moving planet’s position at another date, often compared with a natal position.",
    "category": "Timing & comparison",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: technical documentation",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swisseph.htm"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Astronomical comparison",
      "note": "A second instant supplies moving positions that can be compared with a fixed chart. The contact can be calculated precisely; its proposed connection to a personal event needs separate assessment.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: technical documentation",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swisseph.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin-derived noun.",
      "note": "Latin transitus is a passage or crossing, from transire, to go across. Astrology applies it to moving bodies passing chart positions.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: transit",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/transit"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "solar-return",
    "term": "Solar return",
    "aliases": [
      "solar return chart",
      "solar returns"
    ],
    "definition": "A chart for the instant the Sun reaches its natal ecliptic longitude again in the selected zodiac, conventionally read for the cycle to its next return.",
    "category": "Timing & comparison",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: technical documentation",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swisseph.htm"
      },
      {
        "title": "Astrodienst: Solar Return chart",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/cgi/h.cgi?f=gch&h=gch32&lang=e"
      },
      {
        "title": "Astrodienst: Return charts FAQ",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/faq/fq_fh_return_e.htm"
      },
      {
        "title": "Astrodienst: Natal + Solar Return chart, with houses · calculation and zodiac convention",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/cgi/h.cgi?f=gch&h=gch31&lang=e"
      },
      {
        "title": "Astrodienst Astrowiki: Solar Return Chart · Calculation, Location, Interpretation",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/astrowiki/en/Solar_Return_Chart"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Calculated longitude recurrence with attributed symbolic interpretation",
      "note": "The crossing is a computational result; annual themes are an interpretive convention. Zodiac and return location must remain explicit. A sidereal solar return alone does not implement Tajika’s specialized annual judgment.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Astrodienst: Natal + Solar Return chart, with houses · calculation and zodiac convention",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/cgi/h.cgi?f=gch&h=gch31&lang=e"
        },
        {
          "title": "Balabhadra, Hāyanaratna, translated by Martin Gansten · contents, chapters 2–5 and 7",
          "url": "https://brill.com/display/book/9789004433717/9789004433717_webready_content_text.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Descriptive English compound with a Latin-derived adjective.",
      "note": "Solar derives through Middle English from Latin solaris, from sol (Sun). Return belongs to the English word family traced to Anglo-French returner, to turn back. The compound names a recurrence to a reference position; these word histories do not establish who first coined the astrological term.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: solar · Word History",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/solar"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: return · Word History",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/return"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "lunar-return",
    "term": "Lunar return",
    "aliases": [
      "lunar return chart",
      "lunar returns"
    ],
    "definition": "A chart for the instant the Moon reaches its natal ecliptic longitude again in the selected zodiac, conventionally read for the cycle to its next return.",
    "category": "Timing & comparison",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: technical documentation",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swisseph.htm"
      },
      {
        "title": "Astrodienst: Lunar Return chart · calculation and zodiac convention",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/cgi/h.cgi?f=gch&h=gch35&lang=e"
      },
      {
        "title": "Astrodienst Astrowiki: Lunar Return Chart · Interpretation",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/astrowiki/en/Lunar_Return_Chart"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Calculated longitude recurrence with attributed symbolic interpretation",
      "note": "The crossing matches natal lunar longitude, not lunar phase. Monthly emotional or event themes are practitioner interpretations. Uncertain birth time changes the target; local houses also depend on the declared return place.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Astrodienst: Lunar Return chart · calculation and zodiac convention",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/cgi/h.cgi?f=gch&h=gch35&lang=e"
        },
        {
          "title": "Kacy Danae: Lunar Returns · slides 4–6, 13–16 (1-based)",
          "url": "https://www.kacydanae.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Lunar-Returns.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Descriptive English compound with a Latin-derived adjective.",
      "note": "Lunar derives through Middle English from Latin lunaris, from luna (Moon). Return belongs to the English word family traced to Anglo-French returner, to turn back. The compound names a recurrence to a reference position; these word histories do not establish who first coined the astrological term.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: lunar · Word History",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/lunar"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: return · Word History",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/return"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "ingress",
    "term": "Ingress",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "An entry into a specified sign or angular sector, found by locating the boundary-crossing time.",
    "category": "Timing & comparison",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: technical documentation",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swisseph.htm"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Coordinate boundary event",
      "note": "An ingress is a crossing of a defined sector boundary. Changing the zodiac can change its time; the boundary itself does not demonstrate a sudden physical or personal transformation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: technical documentation",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swisseph.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin borrowing.",
      "note": "From ingressus, an entering, related to ingredi, to step in. An ingress is named for entry into a new sign or region.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: ingress",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ingress"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "primary-directions",
    "term": "Primary directions",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Traditional timing procedures based on spherical daily-motion geometry, translated into years using a chosen timing key.",
    "category": "Timing & comparison",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Lilly: Christian Astrology, annotated primary text",
        "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/CA.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Historical geometric timing method",
      "note": "The method combines spherical geometry with a chosen conversion from arc to years. Matching the geometry tests the construction; the timing key and event interpretation remain distinct assumptions.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Lilly: Christian Astrology, annotated primary text",
          "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/CA.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Historical descriptive method name.",
      "note": "Direction means directing or carrying a chart factor forward; primary distinguishes the method based on the sky's daily rotation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Lilly: Christian Astrology, annotated primary text",
          "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/CA.html"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "secondary-progressions",
    "term": "Secondary progressions",
    "aliases": [
      "secondary progression"
    ],
    "definition": "A Western astrological timing method that symbolically maps one day after birth to one year of life; it is not a chart of the current sky.",
    "category": "Timing & comparison",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Astrodienst: chart types and progression conventions",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/faq/fq_fh_owtype_e.htm"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "A stated symbolic time-mapping convention plus calculated ephemeris positions",
      "note": "The day-for-year correspondence is an adopted astrological analogy. Arithmetic can reproduce the mapped epoch under a named key, and an ephemeris can describe positions at that epoch; neither establishes that the mapping predicts events or personal traits.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Astrodienst: chart types and progression conventions",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/faq/fq_fh_owtype_e.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "The ordinary English words secondary and progression: secondary denotes a second order or stage, while progression denotes advancing or a connected sequence.",
      "note": "Merriam-Webster establishes those general English senses, not the historical naming of the astrological technique. Available method documentation distinguishes secondary progressions from primary directions and solar arcs, but it does not establish why this method acquired the label “secondary.” This entry therefore makes no founding-author, first-use, or derivation claim for the technical name.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster Dictionary: secondary",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/secondary"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster Dictionary: progression",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/progression"
        }
      ]
    },
    "related": [
      "solar-arc-direction",
      "primary-directions"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "solar-arc-direction",
    "term": "Solar arc direction",
    "aliases": [
      "solar arcs"
    ],
    "definition": "A symbolic method shifting chart positions by a solar arc; the arc’s definition and year convention must be stated.",
    "category": "Timing & comparison",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Astrodienst: progression and chart-type conventions",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/faq/fq_fh_owtype_e.htm"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Symbolic angular mapping",
      "note": "A defined solar arc is applied to chart points by rule. Arc and year conventions must agree between programs; directed positions need not describe an actual configuration of planets.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Astrodienst: progression and chart-type conventions",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/faq/fq_fh_owtype_e.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Descriptive mathematical phrase.",
      "note": "Solar names the Sun, arc its angular travel, and direction the displacement applied to chart factors.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Astrodienst: progression and chart-type conventions",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/faq/fq_fh_owtype_e.htm"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "davison-chart",
    "term": "Davison chart",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "A relationship chart calculated for an intermediate time and geographic position between two births, under a specified midpoint convention.",
    "category": "Timing & comparison",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Astrodienst: Davison chart calculation variants",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/cgi/h.cgi?f=gch&h=gch64&lang=e"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Constructed reference chart",
      "note": "An intermediate time and place allow a real-sky calculation for a constructed reference event. That event is not the couple’s birth, and geographic midpoint choices can change the result.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Astrodienst: Davison chart calculation variants",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/cgi/h.cgi?f=gch&h=gch64&lang=e"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Eponym.",
      "note": "Named for astrologer Ronald Davison. The name identifies his relationship-chart approach rather than a classical-language compound.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Mona Riegger: Beyond Midlife, Appendix on astrological techniques",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/samples/in_hte.htm"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "harmonic-chart",
    "term": "Harmonic chart",
    "aliases": [
      "harmonics",
      "harmonic factor"
    ],
    "definition": "A derived longitude display: multiply each selected ecliptic longitude by an integer h and reduce it modulo 360°. A conjunction in that display corresponds to an angular relation near k/h of a circle; its reduced order must be checked before attaching a factor-specific teaching.",
    "category": "Derived charts & points",
    "related": [
      "reduced-harmonic-order",
      "harmonic-orb",
      "harmonic-triangle",
      "lowest-harmonic",
      "aspect",
      "orb",
      "ecliptic-longitude",
      "zodiac-sign",
      "navamsa",
      "harmonic-pattern-prominence"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "David Cochrane, The First 32 Harmonics · method and relation of transformed/natal aspects",
        "url": "https://www.astrosoftware.com/harmonicfirst32.pdf"
      },
      {
        "title": "Astrodienst: harmonic chart calculation",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/cgi/h.cgi?f=gch&h=gch29&lang=e"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Reproducible angular transformation plus school-specific interpretation",
      "note": "Integer multiplication and circular reduction are arithmetic. An interpretation requires a named school. The study themes offered here concern prominent multi-planet patterns; a qualifying pair alone does not establish the study’s pattern selection, a personality trait or a forecast.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "David Cochrane, The First 32 Harmonics · abstract, method and theoretical framework",
          "url": "https://www.astrosoftware.com/harmonicfirst32.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Mathematical and musical vocabulary borrowed into modern astrology.",
      "note": "Harmonic derives through harmony from Greek harmonia, joining or agreement. In chart practice the name points to integer proportional divisions of the circle; it does not identify a measured acoustic or electromagnetic frequency.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: harmony",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/harmony"
        }
      ]
    },
    "wikiIndex": 6
  },
  {
    "id": "midpoint",
    "term": "Midpoint",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "One of two opposite angular halfway points between two zodiac positions; the chosen branch must be recorded.",
    "category": "Derived charts & points",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Astrodienst: Composite Chart, Midpoint-method",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/cgi/h.cgi?f=gch&h=gch621"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Circular geometry",
      "note": "Circular arithmetic yields opposite midpoint branches, with no preferred near branch for exactly antipodal inputs. Selecting a branch or treating it as significant is a declared convention, not a newly observed body.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Astrodienst: Composite Chart, Midpoint-method",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/cgi/h.cgi?f=gch&h=gch621"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Transparent English compound.",
      "note": "Mid- means middle; point marks the location halfway between two positions. The astrological use keeps this geometric meaning.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: midpoint",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/midpoint"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "composite-chart",
    "term": "Composite chart",
    "aliases": [
      "midpoint composite"
    ],
    "definition": "A relationship chart built from corresponding planetary and angular midpoints of two charts, rather than a real birth instant.",
    "category": "Derived charts & points",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Astrodienst: Composite Chart, Midpoint-method",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/cgi/h.cgi?f=gch&h=gch621"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Constructed relationship model",
      "note": "Corresponding natal positions are combined by midpoint rules. The result can be reproduced without describing a physically possible sky; its relationship narrative is a further interpretive model.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Astrodienst: Composite Chart, Midpoint-method",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/cgi/h.cgi?f=gch&h=gch621"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin-derived adjective.",
      "note": "Composite comes from compositus, put together. The name describes a chart assembled from the midpoint positions of two charts.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: composite",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/composite"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "draconic-chart",
    "term": "Draconic chart",
    "aliases": [
      "draconic zodiac"
    ],
    "definition": "A chart rotating longitudes so the chosen north lunar node becomes 0° Aries; soul-related readings are interpretive claims.",
    "category": "Derived charts & points",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Astrodienst: practitioner explanation of draconic astrology",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/astrologia/tl_article220506_e.htm"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Node-based coordinate transformation",
      "note": "Rotating positions to a selected node origin is a reproducible operation. Describing the resulting chart as a soul or past-life map adds spiritual claims that the rotation cannot verify.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Astrodienst: practitioner explanation of draconic astrology",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/astrologia/tl_article220506_e.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin and Greek dragon terminology.",
      "note": "Draconic derives from draco, dragon. Its chart use recalls the lunar nodes' traditional names, the dragon's head and tail.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: draconic",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/draconic"
        },
        {
          "title": "Astrodienst: practitioner explanation of draconic astrology",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/astrologia/tl_article220506_e.htm"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "antiscia",
    "term": "Antiscia",
    "aliases": [
      "antiscion"
    ],
    "definition": "Mirror positions across the Cancer–Capricorn solstitial axis; in tropical longitude, the reflection is 180° minus the original longitude.",
    "category": "Derived charts & points",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Lilly: Christian Astrology, annotated primary text",
        "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/CA.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Geometric reflection with traditional use",
      "note": "Reflection uses the tropical solstitial axis. A sidereal display must convert that same axis correctly; interpreting mirrored points as connected affairs is a historical rule, not a physical interaction.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Lilly: Christian Astrology, annotated primary text",
          "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/CA.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Greek technical borrowing.",
      "note": "Plural of antiscion, from anti-, opposite, and skia, shadow. The name describes the pairing of opposite or corresponding shadows.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: antiscion",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/antiscion"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "contra-antiscia",
    "term": "Contra-antiscia",
    "aliases": [
      "contra-antiscion"
    ],
    "definition": "Points opposite the antiscia; a distinct geometric relationship whose interpretive use varies.",
    "category": "Derived charts & points",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Lilly: Christian Astrology, annotated primary text",
        "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/CA.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Geometric reflection with traditional use",
      "note": "These positions are constructed opposite the antiscia. The geometric operation is checkable, while any opposition-like testimony depends on the practitioner’s rules and chosen orb.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Lilly: Christian Astrology, annotated primary text",
          "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/CA.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin prefix attached to a Greek-derived term.",
      "note": "Contra- means opposite; antiscia derives from opposite-shadow terminology. This compound names the points opposite the antiscia.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: contra-",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/contra-"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: antiscion",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/antiscion"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "lot-of-fortune",
    "term": "Lot of Fortune",
    "aliases": [
      "Part of Fortune",
      "Fortune"
    ],
    "definition": "An angular point combining Ascendant, Sun and Moon. Common traditional formulas reverse the Sun–Moon order for night births.",
    "category": "Derived charts & points",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Skyscript: the Part of Fortune",
        "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/part-of-fortune/"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Traditional angular formula",
      "note": "The point comes from a specified Ascendant–Sun–Moon formula and day/night rule. Different conventions can yield different positions; its name is not evidence of wealth, luck or a promised outcome.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Skyscript: the Part of Fortune",
          "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/part-of-fortune/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "autoLink": false,
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Traditional translated name.",
      "note": "Lot means an allotted portion or a share; Fortune names the associated traditional topic. It is not the name of a physical body.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: lot",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/lot"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: fortune",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/fortune"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "lot-of-spirit",
    "term": "Lot of Spirit",
    "aliases": [
      "Part of Spirit"
    ],
    "definition": "A traditional Ascendant–Sun–Moon combination complementary to Fortune under commonly used day/night formulas.",
    "category": "Derived charts & points",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "David Plant: Fortune and Spirit",
        "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/fortune.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Traditional angular formula",
      "note": "Spirit is calculated through a named formula, often complementary to Fortune. Its association with intention or action is historical interpretation, not a measured mental or spiritual property.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "David Plant: Fortune and Spirit",
          "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/fortune.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Traditional translated name.",
      "note": "Lot retains the sense of an allotted portion; Spirit supplies this lot's conventional topic. The wording describes symbolic assignment.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: lot",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/lot"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: spirit",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/spirit"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "vertex",
    "term": "Vertex",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "A western intersection of the ecliptic and prime vertical, a local reference circle; it is a calculated point, not a body.",
    "category": "Derived charts & points",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: programming manual",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swephprg.htm"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Local spherical geometry",
      "note": "The ecliptic–prime-vertical intersection can be calculated for a place and instant. Treating a contact to it as a destined encounter is an interpretive claim, not a property measured by the geometry.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: programming manual",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swephprg.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin borrowing.",
      "note": "Vertex meant a turning point, crown of the head, or summit, from vertere, to turn; astrology applies it to a particular intersection.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: vertex",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/vertex"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "synastry",
    "term": "Synastry",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Comparison of two natal charts, especially cross-chart angular relationships; it does not establish another person’s feelings.",
    "category": "Timing & comparison",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "John Green and Chris Brennan: Synastry — The Astrology of Relationships",
        "url": "https://theastrologypodcast.com/transcripts/ep-165-transcript-synastry-the-astrology-of-relationships/"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Cross-chart comparison",
      "note": "Two independently established charts supply the compared positions. Orbs and interpretive rules determine the reading; a match cannot establish attraction, consent, fidelity or another person’s private feelings.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "John Green and Chris Brennan: Synastry — The Astrology of Relationships",
          "url": "https://theastrologypodcast.com/transcripts/ep-165-transcript-synastry-the-astrology-of-relationships/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Greek through Late Latin.",
      "note": "Greek syn- means together and astr- refers to stars; synastria became the term for comparing two people's stellar configurations.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: synastry",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/synastry"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "sidereal-zodiac",
    "term": "Sidereal zodiac",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Twelve equal 30° signs aligned through a chosen stellar reference; these are not the unequal IAU constellations.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: programming manual",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swephprg.htm"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Stellar reference convention",
      "note": "A specified reference aligns twelve equal sectors with the stellar background. Different alignments can change a sign assignment; equal sidereal signs remain distinct from the unequal constellations mapped by astronomers.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: programming manual",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swephprg.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin adjective with Greek-derived zodiac.",
      "note": "Sidereal comes from sidus, star or constellation. It identifies a zodiac referenced to stellar positions under a stated convention.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: sidereal",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sidereal"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "ayanamsha",
    "term": "Ayanamsha",
    "aliases": [
      "ayanamsa",
      "ayanāṃśa"
    ],
    "definition": "The angular offset between tropical and a selected sidereal zodiac; different reference conventions yield different offsets.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: programming manual",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swephprg.htm"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Coordinate offset convention",
      "note": "The offset is reproducible once its reference and date model are stated. Disagreement between ayanamshas usually reflects different chosen origins, rather than an error in the measured position of a planet.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: programming manual",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swephprg.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit transliteration: ayanāṃśa.",
      "note": "Ayana means a course or movement, and aṃśa a part or portion; the compound names the angular offset between zodiac references.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: ayana (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/17.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams lexical reference",
          "url": "https://sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "lahiri-ayanamsha",
    "term": "Lahiri ayanamsha",
    "aliases": [
      "Lahiri"
    ],
    "definition": "A widely used Indian sidereal reference convention; selecting it changes zodiac longitudes, not the physical sky.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: programming manual",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swephprg.htm"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Named sidereal convention",
      "note": "Lahiri provides a shared reference for comparing many Indian calculations. Its widespread adoption establishes a convention, not evidence that this origin yields more accurate personality readings than other sidereal origins.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: programming manual",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swephprg.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Eponym plus Sanskrit technical term.",
      "note": "Lahiri names N. C. Lahiri, associated with the Indian calendar-reform convention; ayanāṃśa names the offset. The surname is left untranslated.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Astrodienst: Swiss Ephemeris programming manual",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swephprg.htm"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "jyotish",
    "term": "Jyotish",
    "aliases": [
      "Jyotiṣa",
      "Vedic astrology"
    ],
    "definition": "Indian astronomical and astrological traditions; the label covers multiple schools rather than one universal calculation recipe.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao: Vedic Astrology, An Integrated Approach",
        "url": "https://www.vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Historical traditions and calculation",
      "note": "Texts and practitioners document several Indian systems of calendrics, astronomy and interpretation. A reliable almanac calculation supports its dates and positions; it does not independently establish the accompanying judgments about life events.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao: Vedic Astrology, An Integrated Approach",
          "url": "https://www.vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit transliteration: jyotiṣa.",
      "note": "Derived from jyotis, light or a heavenly light. Jyotiṣa names the traditional discipline concerned with celestial lights and their reckoning.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: jyotis and jyotiṣa (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/97.html"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "graha",
    "term": "Graha",
    "aliases": [
      "grahas"
    ],
    "definition": "An astrological “planet” or seizer; the classical nine include the Sun, Moon and lunar nodes, not only physical planets.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao: Vedic Astrology, An Integrated Approach",
        "url": "https://www.vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Traditional classification",
      "note": "The category groups bodies and calculated nodes by their roles in Indian interpretation. Calling something a graha identifies that traditional role; it does not assert that every member is a physical planet.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao: Vedic Astrology, An Integrated Approach",
          "url": "https://www.vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit transliteration: graha.",
      "note": "Graha means a seizer or grasper, from grah, to seize; its celestial use includes entities beyond the modern astronomical category planet.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: graha (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/82.html"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "rahu",
    "term": "Rahu",
    "aliases": [
      "Rāhu"
    ],
    "definition": "The north lunar node in Indian astrology; a calculated orbital intersection, not a material planet.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao: Vedic Astrology, An Integrated Approach",
        "url": "https://www.vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Orbital geometry with traditional meaning",
      "note": "The ascending lunar node is calculated from an orbital model and helps describe eclipse geometry. Rahu's assigned psychological or karmic meanings belong to interpretation, rather than a detected substance at the node.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao: Vedic Astrology, An Integrated Approach",
          "url": "https://www.vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit mythological name: Rāhu.",
      "note": "The dictionary glosses Rāhu as the Seizer, the eclipse-causing being; the name is also applied to the ascending lunar node.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: Rāhu (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/219.html"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "ketu",
    "term": "Ketu",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "The south lunar node in Indian astrology, opposite Rahu; a calculated point, not a material planet.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao: Vedic Astrology, An Integrated Approach",
        "url": "https://www.vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Orbital geometry with traditional meaning",
      "note": "Ketu is placed opposite the selected ascending node. Its longitude follows from that choice; meanings involving detachment or past experience cannot be inferred from the orbital intersection alone.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao: Vedic Astrology, An Integrated Approach",
          "url": "https://www.vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit word and mythological name.",
      "note": "Ketu has senses including sign, banner, and a luminous appearance; its use for a lunar node is a specialized inherited sense.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: ketu (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/68.html"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "lagna",
    "term": "Lagna",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "The Ascendant in Indian astrology, usually expressed in the chosen sidereal zodiac.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao: Vedic Astrology, An Integrated Approach",
        "url": "https://www.vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Local geometry in an Indian framework",
      "note": "The rising ecliptic point is calculated from an instant and location, then expressed in a selected zodiac. Its house and life-topic roles require additional Indian rules, and uncertain birth time can change them.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao: Vedic Astrology, An Integrated Approach",
          "url": "https://www.vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit transliteration: lagna.",
      "note": "Lagna means attached, fixed, or adhering; in astronomy and astrology it names the ascendant and a significant moment.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: lagna (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/222.html"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "rashi-chart",
    "term": "Rashi chart",
    "aliases": [
      "Rāśi chart",
      "D1"
    ],
    "definition": "The primary Indian zodiac chart of planetary sign positions, before a divisional-chart transformation.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao: Vedic Astrology, An Integrated Approach",
        "url": "https://www.vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Primary chart convention",
      "note": "Planetary longitudes are assigned to signs before further divisional mapping. Comparing charts requires the same zodiac and reference settings; the chart layout itself does not supply evidence for the meanings assigned to its placements.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao: Vedic Astrology, An Integrated Approach",
          "url": "https://www.vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit and English compound.",
      "note": "Rāśi means a heap, collection, or quantity, and also a zodiac sign. Chart and the D1 notation are English technical labeling.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: rāśi (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/219.html"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "nakshatra",
    "term": "Nakshatra",
    "aliases": [
      "nakshatras"
    ],
    "definition": "A lunar mansion; the common equal scheme divides the sidereal zodiac into 27 sectors of 13°20′.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao: Vedic Astrology, An Integrated Approach",
        "url": "https://www.vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Traditional division of longitude",
      "note": "The common equal scheme makes mansion assignment a checkable angular calculation. Historical names and associated meanings are inherited conventions; a named mansion is not necessarily the same region as a modern astronomical constellation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao: Vedic Astrology, An Integrated Approach",
          "url": "https://www.vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit transliteration: nakṣatra.",
      "note": "An inherited word for a star or asterism, specialized as a lunar mansion. Its deeper derivation is not reduced here to a speculative syllable story.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: nakṣatra (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/132.html"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "pada",
    "term": "Pada",
    "aliases": [
      "nakshatra pada"
    ],
    "definition": "One quarter of a nakshatra, spanning 3°20′ in the equal 27-mansion scheme.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao: Vedic Astrology, An Integrated Approach",
        "url": "https://www.vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Nested angular division",
      "note": "A pada follows mechanically from a position within its nakshatra. Close to a quarter boundary, small changes in time or sidereal reference can alter the assignment; the resulting character descriptions are a separate tradition.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao: Vedic Astrology, An Integrated Approach",
          "url": "https://www.vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit transliteration: pāda.",
      "note": "Pāda means foot and, by extension, a quarter or section; the lunar-mansion usage is the quarter sense.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: pāda (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/155.html"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "navamsa",
    "term": "Navamsa",
    "aliases": [
      "Navāṃśa",
      "D9"
    ],
    "definition": "A divisional chart assigning each ninth of a sign to a sign according to specific rules.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao: Vedic Astrology, An Integrated Approach",
        "url": "https://www.vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Indian divisional mapping",
      "note": "A declared ninth-part rule converts rashi positions into navamsa signs. This produces a symbolic chart, not a second observed sky; interpretations require the intended Indian rules rather than assumptions imported from a generic ninth harmonic.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao: Vedic Astrology, An Integrated Approach",
          "url": "https://www.vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit compound: navāṃśa.",
      "note": "Nava means nine and aṃśa a portion; navāṃśa is a ninth division. D9 is the modern alphanumeric chart label.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: navāṃśa (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/134.html"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "varga",
    "term": "Varga",
    "aliases": [
      "divisional chart",
      "vargas"
    ],
    "definition": "An Indian chart division and remapping; different vargas require distinct rules, not simply generic longitude multiplication.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao: Vedic Astrology, An Integrated Approach",
        "url": "https://www.vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Family of divisional conventions",
      "note": "Each varga requires its own assignment rule and stated treatment of boundaries. Agreement on the division number alone is insufficient for reproduction, and the life topic assigned to a division comes from its interpretive tradition.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao: Vedic Astrology, An Integrated Approach",
          "url": "https://www.vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit transliteration: varga.",
      "note": "Varga means a class, group, division, or section. Its chart use applies this division vocabulary to zodiacal subdivisions.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: varga (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/229.html"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "panchanga",
    "term": "Panchanga",
    "aliases": [
      "panchang",
      "panchangam"
    ],
    "definition": "An Indian almanac’s five principal factors: weekday, tithi, nakshatra, yoga and karana; daily use requires local boundary rules.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "IMD Positional Astronomy Centre: Rashtriya Panchang",
        "url": "https://mausam.imd.gov.in/responsive/rashtriyPanchang.php"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Astronomical calendar with ritual use",
      "note": "Its five factors can be calculated from solar and lunar positions and local day rules. Festival or auspiciousness judgments add regional and religious conventions, so a correct position does not guarantee one universal almanac date.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "IMD Positional Astronomy Centre: Rashtriya Panchang",
          "url": "https://mausam.imd.gov.in/responsive/rashtriyPanchang.php"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit compound: pañcāṅga.",
      "note": "Pañca means five and aṅga a limb or component. The almanac name refers to its five calendrical components.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: pañcāṅga (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/146.html"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "tithi",
    "term": "Tithi",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "A lunar phase division: each additional 12° of Moon–Sun longitude difference starts the next of 30 tithis.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "IMD Positional Astronomy Centre: Rashtriya Panchang",
        "url": "https://mausam.imd.gov.in/responsive/rashtriyPanchang.php"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Solar–lunar phase geometry",
      "note": "The Moon–Sun longitude difference determines the tithi independently of civil midnight. Tithis have unequal clock durations and may cross a sunrise boundary; calendar use must distinguish the instantaneous value from the day's assigned value.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "IMD Positional Astronomy Centre: Rashtriya Panchang",
          "url": "https://mausam.imd.gov.in/responsive/rashtriyPanchang.php"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit calendrical word.",
      "note": "Tithi names a lunar day. The inherited technical meaning is secure; a deeper root or literal syllable breakdown is not established here.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: tithi (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/108.html"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "paksha",
    "term": "Paksha",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "A lunar fortnight: the waxing half is Shukla Paksha and the waning half is Krishna Paksha.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "IMD Positional Astronomy Centre: Rashtriya Panchang",
        "url": "https://mausam.imd.gov.in/responsive/rashtriyPanchang.php"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Lunar phase convention",
      "note": "The waxing and waning halves follow the changing Sun–Moon angle. Their boundaries are astronomical phase events; any preference for one half for a particular activity is an additional cultural or astrological rule.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "IMD Positional Astronomy Centre: Rashtriya Panchang",
          "url": "https://mausam.imd.gov.in/responsive/rashtriyPanchang.php"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit transliteration: pakṣa.",
      "note": "Pakṣa means wing, side, or half, and hence a fortnight; the lunar cycle has a waxing side and a waning side.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: pakṣa (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/145.html"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "panchanga-yoga",
    "term": "Panchanga yoga",
    "aliases": [
      "nitya yoga"
    ],
    "definition": "One of 27 divisions of the sum of sidereal Sun and Moon longitudes; distinct from other meanings of yoga.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "IMD Positional Astronomy Centre: Rashtriya Panchang",
        "url": "https://mausam.imd.gov.in/responsive/rashtriyPanchang.php"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Traditional angular combination",
      "note": "Adding the selected sidereal Sun and Moon longitudes gives a reproducible sector index. That sum is a calendrical construction, not a measured interaction, and its interpretation differs from other Indian uses of the word yoga.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "IMD Positional Astronomy Centre: Rashtriya Panchang",
          "url": "https://mausam.imd.gov.in/responsive/rashtriyPanchang.php"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit calendrical compound.",
      "note": "Yoga comes from yuj, to join or yoke. Here joining refers to the calendrical combination of the Sun's and Moon's longitudes.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: yoga (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/213.html"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "karana",
    "term": "Karana",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Half a tithi, spanning 6° of Moon–Sun longitude difference; traditional names follow a repeating and fixed sequence.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "IMD Positional Astronomy Centre: Rashtriya Panchang",
        "url": "https://mausam.imd.gov.in/responsive/rashtriyPanchang.php"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Phase subdivision and naming rule",
      "note": "A six-degree phase interval determines the half-tithi, while a traditional sequence supplies its name. Correct naming requires the fixed entries as well as the repeating cycle; meanings assigned to those names are customary.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "IMD Positional Astronomy Centre: Rashtriya Panchang",
          "url": "https://mausam.imd.gov.in/responsive/rashtriyPanchang.php"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit transliteration: karaṇa.",
      "note": "Karaṇa has meanings including doing, making, and instrument. Half a tithi is a specialized calendrical sense of the word.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: karaṇa (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/57.html"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "vara",
    "term": "Vara",
    "aliases": [
      "vāra"
    ],
    "definition": "The weekday factor in a panchanga; traditional daily reckoning commonly begins at local sunrise.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "IMD Positional Astronomy Centre: Rashtriya Panchang",
        "url": "https://mausam.imd.gov.in/responsive/rashtriyPanchang.php"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Local calendrical day rule",
      "note": "A weekday is familiar civil information, but a traditional sunrise-based vara can differ from the midnight-based date before dawn. A trustworthy result states the location and day boundary used rather than silently mixing both conventions.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "IMD Positional Astronomy Centre: Rashtriya Panchang",
          "url": "https://mausam.imd.gov.in/responsive/rashtriyPanchang.php"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit transliteration: vāra.",
      "note": "Vāra means a turn, recurring occasion, or day; the weekday meaning uses this recurrence vocabulary. The long vowel distinguishes it from other vara words.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: vāra (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/233.html"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "drik-calculation",
    "term": "Drik calculation",
    "aliases": [
      "drik"
    ],
    "definition": "Calculation using observed or modern astronomical positions; it differs from retaining an older traditional mean-motion model.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "IMD Positional Astronomy Centre: Rashtriya Panchang",
        "url": "https://mausam.imd.gov.in/responsive/rashtriyPanchang.php"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Astronomical computational method",
      "note": "Positions are tied to observational astronomy or modern ephemerides instead of only inherited mean-motion tables. This improves the basis of astronomical timing; it does not by itself validate the astrological judgments subsequently attached to the positions.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "IMD Positional Astronomy Centre: Rashtriya Panchang",
          "url": "https://mausam.imd.gov.in/responsive/rashtriyPanchang.php"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit and English compound.",
      "note": "Drik represents dṛk, sight or seeing, from dṛś. The name points to observation-oriented astronomical calculation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams lexical reference",
          "url": "https://sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "dasha",
    "term": "Dasha",
    "aliases": [
      "dasa",
      "daśā"
    ],
    "definition": "An Indian astrological period system assigning successive intervals to planets or signs; several different systems exist.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao: Jyotish teaching notes, volume 1",
        "url": "https://vedicastrologer.org/classes/book1-for-CD.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Traditional time allocation",
      "note": "A named system assigns periods by explicit rules rather than observing a physical planetary influence switching on. Comparisons require the same initialization and duration conventions; interpretations of those periods remain claims beyond the calendar arithmetic.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao: Jyotish teaching notes, volume 1",
          "url": "https://vedicastrologer.org/classes/book1-for-CD.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit transliteration: daśā.",
      "note": "Daśā means condition, stage, or period of life. It is distinct from daśa, ten; the long final vowel matters.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams: daśā, historical dictionary entry",
          "url": "https://www.sanskritdictionary.com/da%C5%9B%C4%81/64327/7"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "vimshottari-dasha",
    "term": "Vimshottari dasha",
    "aliases": [
      "Vimshottari",
      "Vimśottarī"
    ],
    "definition": "A 120-year planetary period scheme commonly initialized from the natal Moon’s nakshatra and its remaining portion.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao: Jyotish teaching notes, volume 1",
        "url": "https://vedicastrologer.org/classes/book1-for-CD.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Nakshatra-based timing convention",
      "note": "The selected lunar mansion and fraction remaining initialize a prescribed 120-year sequence. Ayanamsha, lunar precision and year length can shift dates; the sequence's arithmetic does not establish that its periods cause particular events.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao: Jyotish teaching notes, volume 1",
          "url": "https://vedicastrologer.org/classes/book1-for-CD.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit numerical system name.",
      "note": "Viṃśottarī designates the 120-year scheme; daśā means period or condition. The numerical name concerns the full nominal cycle.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao: Vedic Astrology, An Integrated Approach",
          "url": "https://vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "mahadasha",
    "term": "Mahadasha",
    "aliases": [
      "mahādaśā"
    ],
    "definition": "A major period in a dasha sequence, containing smaller subperiods.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao: Jyotish teaching notes, volume 1",
        "url": "https://vedicastrologer.org/classes/book1-for-CD.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Nested period arithmetic and attributed chart interpretation",
      "note": "The period schedule is a reproducible calculation under stated conventions; its life interpretation is a traditional astrological claim. A correct date calculation does not test that claim. Treat the reading as a contextual account, and record disagreements without changing the convention to fit an event. This tool uses the natal Moon under a selected sidereal reference and either 360 or 365.25-day years. Rao discusses competing year lengths. Compare dates only when all input and convention choices match.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Rao, §16.2 controversy; physical p223 / printed211",
          "url": "https://vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf#page=223"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit compound: mahādaśā.",
      "note": "Mahā- is the compound form of mahant, meaning great; Rao glosses daśā as period. Mahādaśā therefore literally suggests a great period. This lexical explanation does not establish the term’s first historical use.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Benfey, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, printed693",
          "url": "https://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/BENScan/BENScanpdf/ben-0693.pdf#page=1"
        },
        {
          "title": "Rao, Dasa Analysis introduction; physical p219 / printed207",
          "url": "https://vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf#page=219"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "antardasha",
    "term": "Antardasha",
    "aliases": [
      "antar-dasha",
      "bhukti"
    ],
    "definition": "A subperiod within a major dasha period; dates depend on the selected system and year-length convention.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao: Jyotish teaching notes, volume 1",
        "url": "https://vedicastrologer.org/classes/book1-for-CD.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Nested period arithmetic and attributed chart interpretation",
      "note": "Arithmetic nesting and astrological interpretation answer different questions. The first locates a selected date in a timetable; the second proposes traditional meaning. Neither a shorter interval nor a more detailed display supplies evidence that a life event will occur. Missing natal positions prevent a placement reading. Missing chart conditions prevent a complete traditional judgment. Show these gaps explicitly, including when both period lords are the same.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Rao, §16.5.1; physical p226 / printed214",
          "url": "https://vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf#page=226"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit compound: antardaśā.",
      "note": "Sanskrit antar means within or between; daśā means period in Rao’s usage. Antardaśā thus suggests an inner period. The compound analysis does not date the technical term’s origin.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Lanman, Sanskrit Reader, vocabulary printed117",
          "url": "https://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/LANScan/LANScanpdf/lan_149.pdf#page=1"
        },
        {
          "title": "Rao, Dasa Analysis introduction; physical p219 / printed207",
          "url": "https://vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf#page=219"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "jaimini-astrology",
    "term": "Jaimini astrology",
    "aliases": [
      "Jaimini"
    ],
    "definition": "An Indian astrological family associated with Jaimini teachings, including distinctive significators and sign-based timing methods.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao: Jyotish teaching notes, volume 1",
        "url": "https://vedicastrologer.org/classes/book1-for-CD.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Textual and lineage-based method",
      "note": "Its significators and timing rules are grounded in a particular Indian textual tradition and its interpretations. Implementations must identify the adopted variant; substituting rules from another school can produce a coherent-looking but methodologically mixed reading.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao: Jyotish teaching notes, volume 1",
          "url": "https://vedicastrologer.org/classes/book1-for-CD.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit personal-name attribution.",
      "note": "Jaimini is the name of the sage to whom texts and methods are attributed. The school label is eponymous; no speculative personal-name root is supplied.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao: Jyotish teaching notes, volume 1",
          "url": "https://vedicastrologer.org/classes/book1-for-CD.pdf"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "karaka",
    "term": "Karaka",
    "aliases": [
      "kāraka"
    ],
    "definition": "A significator: a planet or other factor assigned to represent a topic under a specified Indian astrological rule.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao: Jyotish teaching notes, volume 1",
        "url": "https://vedicastrologer.org/classes/book1-for-CD.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Contextual symbolic assignment",
      "note": "A planet represents a topic because a specified rule assigns that role. Fixed and variable significator schemes need not agree; the assignment should be shown explicitly rather than treated as a physical property of the planet.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao: Jyotish teaching notes, volume 1",
          "url": "https://vedicastrologer.org/classes/book1-for-CD.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit transliteration: kāraka.",
      "note": "Kāraka means maker, doer, or producer, from kṛ, to do; in astrology it supplies the language of a significator.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: kāraka (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/61.html"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "krishnamurti-paddhati",
    "term": "Krishnamurti Paddhati",
    "aliases": [
      "KP astrology"
    ],
    "definition": "An Indian system emphasizing stellar and subdivision rulers with particular house and sidereal conventions.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao: Jyotish teaching notes, volume 1",
        "url": "https://vedicastrologer.org/classes/book1-for-CD.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "School-specific interpretive method",
      "note": "The method combines stellar subdivisions with selected house and sidereal conventions. Small boundary changes can alter a sub-lord, making settings consequential; a precisely calculated subdivision is not independent evidence for a definite event prediction.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao: Jyotish teaching notes, volume 1",
          "url": "https://vedicastrologer.org/classes/book1-for-CD.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Modern eponym with Sanskrit method word.",
      "note": "Krishnamurti names K. S. Krishnamurti; paddhati means a path, procedure, or system. KP abbreviates the two-part school name.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao: Jyotish teaching notes, volume 1",
          "url": "https://vedicastrologer.org/classes/book1-for-CD.pdf"
        },
        {
          "title": "Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams lexical reference",
          "url": "https://sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "tajika",
    "term": "Tajika",
    "aliases": [
      "Varshaphala"
    ],
    "definition": "An Indian annual-chart tradition using solar returns together with distinctive aspect and timing rules.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao: Jyotish teaching notes, volume 1",
        "url": "https://vedicastrologer.org/classes/book1-for-CD.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Historical annual-chart method",
      "note": "A solar return provides the astronomical anchor, while Tajika supplies its own aspects and judgment rules. A natal interpretation or generic transit reading cannot stand in for that method merely because the same planets appear.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao: Jyotish teaching notes, volume 1",
          "url": "https://vedicastrologer.org/classes/book1-for-CD.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit borrowing through Persian.",
      "note": "Tājika derives from Persian tāzīg, Arab, ultimately associated with the Arabic tribal name Ṭayyiʾ. Indian usage designated Perso-Arabic people and astrology.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Martin Gansten: Samarasimha and the Early Transmission of Tajika Astrology",
          "url": "https://doi.org/10.1163/25425552-12340005"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "prashna",
    "term": "Prashna",
    "aliases": [
      "praśna"
    ],
    "definition": "Question astrology: a chart for a question or consultation, requiring an event time rather than simply a birth time.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao: Vedic Astrology, An Integrated Approach",
        "url": "https://www.vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Question-based divination",
      "note": "The chosen question or consultation moment supplies the chart's context. Reproducible calculation requires recording that moment and location; a birth chart answers a different setup, and symbolic testimony cannot establish hidden facts about another person.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao: Vedic Astrology, An Integrated Approach",
          "url": "https://www.vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit transliteration: praśna.",
      "note": "Praśna means question or inquiry. The practice is named for the question being put, rather than for a birth.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: praśna (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/171.html"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "muhurta",
    "term": "Muhurta",
    "aliases": [
      "muhūrta"
    ],
    "definition": "Selecting a time for an intended activity under Indian astrological rules; the word can also denote a traditional time unit.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao: Vedic Astrology, An Integrated Approach",
        "url": "https://www.vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Traditional electional practice",
      "note": "The method compares candidate times using declared rules for a particular activity. Its rankings express the selected tradition's preferences; practical constraints and actual outcomes remain separate from the designation of a time as auspicious.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao: Vedic Astrology, An Integrated Approach",
          "url": "https://www.vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit transliteration: muhūrta.",
      "note": "Muhūrta means a moment or a specified interval of time; electional practice extends the term to selecting a suitable moment.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: muhūrta (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/205.html"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "heavenly-stem",
    "term": "Heavenly Stem",
    "aliases": [
      "Heavenly Stems"
    ],
    "definition": "One of ten labels paired in sequence with the twelve Earthly Branches to form a sixty-step cycle.",
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Hong Kong Observatory: Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
      },
      {
        "title": "Joey Yap · Heavenly Stem phase and polarity table",
        "url": "https://www.joeyyap.com/notes/hydb/Hack_Your_Destiny_With_BaZi.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Historical cyclical notation",
      "note": "The ten stems form an ordered calendar vocabulary whose sequence can be checked. Their phase and polarity correspondences are traditional classifications, not observations of ten distinct forces acting on a birth.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Hong Kong Observatory: Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "English translation of Chinese tiāngān, 天干.",
      "note": "Heavenly renders tiān and stem renders gān. The plant-like English name identifies one set of the traditional stem–branch pairing.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Hong Kong Observatory: Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "related": [
      "earthly-branch",
      "sexagenary-cycle",
      "five-phases",
      "day-master"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "earthly-branch",
    "term": "Earthly Branch",
    "aliases": [
      "Earthly Branches"
    ],
    "definition": "One of twelve cyclical labels associated with animals and other correspondences; it is not a physical astronomical branch.",
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Hong Kong Observatory: Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Historical cyclical notation",
      "note": "The twelve branches encode recurring time divisions and inherited correspondences. Animal names identify symbolic associations; they do not provide biological or psychological evidence about a person born under a branch.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Hong Kong Observatory: Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "English translation of Chinese dìzhī, 地支.",
      "note": "Earthly renders dì and branch renders zhī. The name identifies the twelve-part companion series to the Heavenly Stems.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Hong Kong Observatory: Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "related": [
      "bazi-three-harmonies",
      "bazi-seasonal-meetings",
      "heavenly-stem",
      "sexagenary-cycle",
      "bazi-shichen",
      "four-pillars"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "sexagenary-cycle",
    "term": "Sexagenary cycle",
    "aliases": [
      "Gan-Zhi",
      "sexagenary year"
    ],
    "definition": "A sixty-step cycle formed by pairing the ten Heavenly Stems with the twelve Earthly Branches in order.",
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Hong Kong Observatory: Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Modular calendar arithmetic",
      "note": "Advancing both sequences together produces sixty distinct stem–branch pairs. The cycle is mathematically reproducible, but assigning it to a year, day or hour still needs a calendar anchor and an explicit rollover rule.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Hong Kong Observatory: Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin-derived numerical adjective.",
      "note": "Sexagenary comes from Latin sexagenarius, of sixty. The cycle name describes sixty successive stem–branch combinations.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: sexagenary",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sexagenary"
        },
        {
          "title": "Hong Kong Observatory: Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "related": [
      "heavenly-stem",
      "earthly-branch",
      "four-pillars"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "four-pillars",
    "term": "Four Pillars",
    "aliases": [
      "BaZi",
      "Bazi",
      "Saju"
    ],
    "definition": "A chart using stem–branch pairs for birth year, month, day and double-hour; calendar and clock conventions matter.",
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Joey Yap: Four Pillars and the Day Master",
        "url": "https://home.joeyyap.com/article/bazi/what-is-bazi-astrology-a-beginners-complete-guide/"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Calendar-derived interpretive framework",
      "note": "Four pairs are calculated from birth data under stated seasonal and clock rules. A date near a term or day boundary can change a pillar; the derived pattern is not a measured personality or a fixed life trajectory.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Joey Yap: Four Pillars and the Day Master",
          "url": "https://home.joeyyap.com/article/bazi/what-is-bazi-astrology-a-beginners-complete-guide/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "English translation of a Chinese name.",
      "note": "Sìzhù, 四柱, means four pillars; Bāzì, 八字, means eight characters. Saju is the Korean reading of the four-pillar name.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Joey Yap: Four Pillars and the Day Master",
          "url": "https://home.joeyyap.com/article/bazi/what-is-bazi-astrology-a-beginners-complete-guide/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "related": [
      "bazi-three-harmonies",
      "bazi-seasonal-meetings"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "day-master",
    "term": "Day Master",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "In BaZi, the Heavenly Stem of the day pillar, used as a central reference in interpretation.",
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Joey Yap: Four Pillars and the Day Master",
        "url": "https://home.joeyyap.com/article/bazi/what-is-bazi-astrology-a-beginners-complete-guide/"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Interpretive reference convention",
      "note": "The day stem becomes the reference for classifying other BaZi relationships. It is selected by calendar arithmetic, not a psychological assessment; its meaning depends on the surrounding method rather than the stem label alone.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Joey Yap: Four Pillars and the Day Master",
          "url": "https://home.joeyyap.com/article/bazi/what-is-bazi-astrology-a-beginners-complete-guide/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "English translation of Chinese rìzhǔ, 日主.",
      "note": "Day renders rì and master or ruler renders zhǔ; the title singles out the day stem as the comparison's reference.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Joey Yap: Four Pillars and the Day Master",
          "url": "https://home.joeyyap.com/article/bazi/what-is-bazi-astrology-a-beginners-complete-guide/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "related": [
      "heavenly-stem",
      "four-pillars",
      "ten-gods",
      "five-phases"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "double-hour",
    "term": "Double-hour",
    "aliases": [
      "Chinese hour"
    ],
    "definition": "One of twelve traditional daily time divisions, each roughly two modern hours; the clock basis must be stated.",
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Hong Kong Observatory: Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Traditional division of the day",
      "note": "The twelve divisions can be assigned using a declared clock basis. Civil, mean solar and apparent solar time can disagree near boundaries, so an hour label is incomplete without explaining which time was used.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Hong Kong Observatory: Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Descriptive English translation.",
      "note": "Double states that the traditional time unit spans two modern hours; the English label explains size rather than reproducing shíchen, 時辰.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Hong Kong Observatory: Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "related": [
      "bazi-shichen",
      "earthly-branch",
      "local-mean-solar-time",
      "local-apparent-solar-time"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "five-phases",
    "term": "Five phases",
    "aliases": [
      "wuxing",
      "Wu Xing"
    ],
    "definition": "Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal and Water as cyclical symbolic processes in Chinese traditions, rather than modern chemical elements.",
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Joey Yap: Four Pillars and the Day Master",
        "url": "https://home.joeyyap.com/article/bazi/what-is-bazi-astrology-a-beginners-complete-guide/"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Correlative symbolic model",
      "note": "The phases organize relationships such as generation and control within Chinese traditions. They describe a conceptual cycle; treating them as chemical elements or measured quantities in a person's body changes the kind of claim being made.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Joey Yap: Four Pillars and the Day Master",
          "url": "https://home.joeyyap.com/article/bazi/what-is-bazi-astrology-a-beginners-complete-guide/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "English translation of Chinese wǔxíng, 五行.",
      "note": "Wǔ means five; xíng concerns movement or operation. Phases and agents convey that process sense more directly than a substance-only reading of elements.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Chinese metaphysics, five phases",
          "url": "https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/chinese-metaphysics/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "related": [
      "bazi-three-harmonies",
      "bazi-seasonal-meetings"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "solar-term",
    "term": "Solar term",
    "aliases": [
      "jieqi",
      "24 solar terms"
    ],
    "definition": "One of 24 seasonal markers at successive 15° steps of the Sun’s tropical longitude.",
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Hong Kong Observatory: the 24 solar terms",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/24solarterms.htm"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Astronomical seasonal marker",
      "note": "Each term is fixed by a tropical solar longitude, making its instant calculable. Its local calendar date depends on time conversion, while associated seasonal descriptions reflect the cultural and geographic setting of the calendar.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Hong Kong Observatory: the 24 solar terms",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/24solarterms.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "English calendrical translation.",
      "note": "Solar identifies the Sun-based divisions called jiéqì, 節氣. Term carries the sense of a marked division or period in the seasonal year.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Hong Kong Observatory: The 24 Solar Terms",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/24solarterms.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "related": [
      "lichun",
      "four-pillars"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "lichun",
    "term": "Lichun",
    "aliases": [
      "Li Chun",
      "Beginning of Spring",
      "Lìchūn",
      "Risshun",
      "Start of spring",
      "立春"
    ],
    "definition": "The solar term at 315° apparent solar longitude, called Lìchūn in Mandarin and Risshun in Japanese. Choosing this instant as an astrological year boundary is a separate method convention.",
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Hong Kong Observatory: the 24 solar terms",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/24solarterms.htm"
      },
      {
        "title": "NAOJ · Calendar terminology, 24 solar terms",
        "url": "https://eco.mtk.nao.ac.jp/koyomi/faq/24sekki.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Astronomical marker and boundary choice",
      "note": "Astronomy fixes the 315° instant; local time conversion supplies its civil date. An annual divination method may instead use a fixed February 4 boundary. Retain that distinction, and do not treat this seasonal label as a local-weather observation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "NAOJ · Calendar terminology, 24 solar terms",
          "url": "https://eco.mtk.nao.ac.jp/koyomi/faq/24sekki.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Blooming Grove Studio · Nine Star Ki lessons 1–3",
          "url": "https://www.9starki.com/free_lessons.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Mandarin Lìchūn and Japanese Risshun: readings of 立春.",
      "note": "The shared calendrical name is translated Beginning of Spring or Spring Commences. NAOJ records the Japanese reading りっしゅん. These are different language readings of a seasonal term, not evidence that all associated divination methods share identical rules.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "NAOJ · Calendar terminology, 24 solar terms",
          "url": "https://eco.mtk.nao.ac.jp/koyomi/faq/24sekki.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Hong Kong Observatory: The 24 Solar Terms",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/24solarterms.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "related": [
      "solar-term",
      "four-pillars",
      "sexagenary-cycle"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "lunisolar-calendar",
    "term": "Lunisolar calendar",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "A calendar combining lunar months with adjustments that keep the year aligned with the seasons.",
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Hong Kong Observatory: the 24 solar terms",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/24solarterms.htm"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Rule-based astronomical calendar",
      "note": "Month starts and intercalation rules connect lunar cycles with the solar year. Calendars can differ through reference meridians and adopted rules even when using the same sky, so conversion requires naming the calendar rather than only its broad type.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Hong Kong Observatory: the 24 solar terms",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/24solarterms.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin-derived scientific compound.",
      "note": "Luni- comes from luna, Moon, and solar from sol, Sun; the compound names calendar rules using both cycles.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: lunisolar",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/lunisolar"
        }
      ]
    },
    "related": [
      "leap-month",
      "lunar-new-year",
      "solar-term",
      "lichun",
      "sexagenary-cycle"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "leap-month",
    "term": "Leap month",
    "aliases": [
      "intercalary month"
    ],
    "definition": "An additional month inserted by a calendar’s intercalation rules. Chinese and Tibetan calendars determine and label it with their own rules; an inserted month is different from a repeated Tibetan lunar day.",
    "category": "Calendar conventions",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Hong Kong Observatory: the 24 solar terms",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/24solarterms.htm"
      },
      {
        "title": "Svante Janson · Tibetan calendar mathematics",
        "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/1401.6285"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Calendar intercalation rule",
      "note": "An extra month follows the selected calendar’s alignment and numbering rules. In the Phugpa method implemented here the leap occurrence precedes the regular month of the same number; that ordering must not be transferred automatically to another tradition.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Hong Kong Observatory: the 24 solar terms",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/24solarterms.htm"
        },
        {
          "title": "Svante Janson · Tibetan calendar mathematics",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/1401.6285"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Descriptive English calendar phrase; intercalary is a Latin-derived synonym.",
      "note": "Leap month is the English label for an inserted calendar month; its exact coinage is not established by these sources. Intercalary comes from Latin intercalarius, related to intercalare, inserting a day or month into a calendar.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster · intercalary, word history",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/intercalary"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster · intercalate, word history",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/intercalate"
        }
      ]
    },
    "related": [
      "lunisolar-calendar",
      "lunar-new-year",
      "solar-term",
      "lichun"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "zi-wei-dou-shu",
    "term": "Zi Wei Dou Shu",
    "aliases": [
      "Tử Vi",
      "Purple Star astrology"
    ],
    "definition": "A Chinese astrological system assigning symbolic stars to twelve palaces; its stars are not all physical celestial objects.",
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Iztro: Zi Wei Dou Shu documentation",
        "url": "https://docs.iztro.com/quick-start"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Traditional symbolic chart construction",
      "note": "Birth-calendar inputs and placement rules distribute named stars among palaces. Many labels are constructed roles rather than observed bodies; interpretation should preserve this system's own palace and transformation rules instead of borrowing Western chart meanings.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Iztro: Zi Wei Dou Shu documentation",
          "url": "https://docs.iztro.com/quick-start"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Romanized Chinese system title: 紫微斗數.",
      "note": "Zǐwēi is the traditional astral name retained by the system; dǒu refers to the Dipper and shù to numbers or reckoning. Tử Vi is its Sino-Vietnamese counterpart.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Iztro: Zi Wei Dou Shu documentation",
          "url": "https://docs.iztro.com/quick-start"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "palace",
    "term": "Palace",
    "aliases": [
      "Zi Wei palace"
    ],
    "definition": "A chart compartment representing a topic in systems such as Zi Wei Dou Shu; it is not automatically a Western house.",
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Iztro: Zi Wei Dou Shu documentation",
        "url": "https://docs.iztro.com/quick-start"
      }
    ],
    "autoLink": false,
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "System-specific topic assignment",
      "note": "A palace organizes a tradition's topics within its chart structure. Its meaning comes from that system's naming and placement rules; matching a palace number to a Western house number does not establish equivalent interpretations.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Iztro: Zi Wei Dou Shu documentation",
          "url": "https://docs.iztro.com/quick-start"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "English rendering of Chinese gōng, 宮.",
      "note": "Palace names a residence or enclosure; the chart use translates the traditional palace metaphor for a compartment assigned a topic.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Iztro: Zi Wei Dou Shu documentation",
          "url": "https://docs.iztro.com/quick-start"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "nine-star-ki",
    "term": "Nine Star Ki",
    "aliases": [
      "Kyūsei",
      "Nine Star"
    ],
    "definition": "A family of divinatory calendar practices relating nine numbered designations to qualities and directions. This explorer implements one annual cycle with two explicitly named year boundaries.",
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Nine Star Ki: practitioner lessons",
        "url": "https://9starki.com/free_lessons.htm"
      },
      {
        "title": "Kanjipedia · 九星 (kyūsei)",
        "url": "https://www.kanjipedia.jp/kotoba/0001362300"
      },
      {
        "title": "Blooming Grove Studio · Nine Star Ki lessons 1–3",
        "url": "https://www.9starki.com/free_lessons.htm"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Symbolic calendar cycles",
      "note": "The selected rule assigns a calendar number; associated qualities belong to a symbolic framework. A correct number does not measure a physical star or verify a personality claim. Fixed February 4 and the Atlas 315° alternative are distinct conventions.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Blooming Grove Studio · Nine Star Ki lessons 1–3",
          "url": "https://www.9starki.com/free_lessons.htm"
        },
        {
          "title": "NAOJ · Calendar terminology, 24 solar terms",
          "url": "https://eco.mtk.nao.ac.jp/koyomi/faq/24sekki.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "English rendering with Japanese terminology.",
      "note": "Kyūsei, 九星, names nine stars in Japanese divinatory terminology. Ki is a reading of 気, whose meanings include air, breath, atmosphere and disposition. The English title combines these terms; this word history does not establish a single origin date or lineage for every modern Nine Star practice.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Kanjipedia · 九星 (kyūsei)",
          "url": "https://www.kanjipedia.jp/kotoba/0001362300"
        },
        {
          "title": "Kanjipedia · 気, readings and meanings",
          "url": "https://www.kanjipedia.jp/kanji/0001184900"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "tzolkin",
    "term": "Tzolk’in",
    "aliases": [
      "Tzolkin",
      "Tzolk'in"
    ],
    "definition": "A 260-day Maya count combining thirteen numbers with twenty day names; names and living practices vary by language and community.",
    "category": "Maya & Mesoamerican calendars",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Smithsonian NMAI: the Maya calendar system",
        "url": "https://maya.nmai.si.edu/calendar/calendar-system"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Historical and living calendar count",
      "note": "The thirteen-number and twenty-name cycles make the day sequence reproducible once an anchor is fixed. A converted date alone does not reproduce the community-specific language, ritual authority or interpretive practice associated with the count.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Smithsonian NMAI: the Maya calendar system",
          "url": "https://maya.nmai.si.edu/calendar/calendar-system"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Yucatec Maya calendar name in modern spelling.",
      "note": "Tzolk’in is the Yucatec name used for the 260-day calendar. The apostrophe marks a glottalized consonant; no first coiner is established here.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Smithsonian NMAI: The Calendar System",
          "url": "https://maya.nmai.si.edu/calendar/calendar-system"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "chol-qij",
    "term": "Chol Q’ij",
    "aliases": [
      "Chol Q'ij"
    ],
    "definition": "The K’iche’ name for the living sacred day count, whose cultural practice should not be reduced to a generic birthday label.",
    "category": "Maya & Mesoamerican calendars",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Smithsonian NMAI: the Maya calendar system",
        "url": "https://maya.nmai.si.edu/calendar/calendar-system"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Living cultural calendar practice",
      "note": "The sacred count is sustained through K'iche' knowledge and practice, beyond its arithmetic pattern. A software conversion can identify a date under stated conventions; it cannot confer the authority or lived knowledge of a daykeeper.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Smithsonian NMAI: the Maya calendar system",
          "url": "https://maya.nmai.si.edu/calendar/calendar-system"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "K’iche’ Maya calendrical name.",
      "note": "Chol Q’ij is the K’iche’ name for the sacred day count, alongside the Yucatec name Tzolk’in. These are distinct language forms, not English acronyms.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Smithsonian NMAI: The Calendar System",
          "url": "https://maya.nmai.si.edu/calendar/calendar-system"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "haab",
    "term": "Haab",
    "aliases": [
      "Haab’"
    ],
    "definition": "A 365-day Maya calendar with eighteen twenty-day months plus a five-day period.",
    "category": "Maya & Mesoamerican calendars",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Smithsonian NMAI: the Maya calendar system",
        "url": "https://maya.nmai.si.edu/calendar/calendar-system"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Historical solar-year count",
      "note": "The month structure defines a 365-day sequence that can be converted using a chosen correlation. Its year is not identical to the tropical year, so seasonal alignment cannot be assumed constant merely from the label solar calendar.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Smithsonian NMAI: the Maya calendar system",
          "url": "https://maya.nmai.si.edu/calendar/calendar-system"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Yucatec Maya calendrical name.",
      "note": "Haab, also written Haab’, names the solar-year calendar. Its language form is retained rather than replaced by the English calendar label.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Smithsonian NMAI: The Calendar System",
          "url": "https://maya.nmai.si.edu/calendar/calendar-system"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "calendar-round",
    "term": "Calendar Round",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "The combination of the 260-day and 365-day counts, repeating after 18,980 days, approximately 52 years.",
    "category": "Maya & Mesoamerican calendars",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Smithsonian NMAI: the Maya calendar system",
        "url": "https://maya.nmai.si.edu/calendar/calendar-system"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Combined-cycle arithmetic",
      "note": "The two counts realign after their least common multiple of 18,980 days. A Calendar Round label repeats, so it cannot uniquely identify a historical date without additional chronological information.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Smithsonian NMAI: the Maya calendar system",
          "url": "https://maya.nmai.si.edu/calendar/calendar-system"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Descriptive English scholarly label.",
      "note": "Round refers to the recurring combined cycle of the Haab and sacred count; it is an English explanatory name for their interlocking recurrence.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Smithsonian NMAI: The Calendar System",
          "url": "https://maya.nmai.si.edu/calendar/calendar-system"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "long-count",
    "term": "Long Count",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "A Maya system counting days through units including k’in, uinal, tun, katun and baktun; correlation links it to other calendars.",
    "category": "Maya & Mesoamerican calendars",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Smithsonian NMAI: Maya calendar converter and units",
        "url": "https://maya.nmai.si.edu/calendar/maya-calendar-converter"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Historical day-count notation",
      "note": "The units record elapsed days from an epoch rather than a recurring birthday category. Converting to another calendar requires a stated correlation; interpretation of an inscription also needs its historical and linguistic context.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Smithsonian NMAI: Maya calendar converter and units",
          "url": "https://maya.nmai.si.edu/calendar/maya-calendar-converter"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Descriptive English scholarly label.",
      "note": "Long distinguishes a continuing count of elapsed days from shorter repeating calendar cycles; count names its chronological tally.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Smithsonian NMAI: Maya Calendar Converter",
          "url": "https://maya.nmai.si.edu/calendar/maya-calendar-converter"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "gmt-correlation",
    "term": "GMT correlation",
    "aliases": [
      "GMT 584283"
    ],
    "definition": "The Goodman–Martínez–Thompson alignment of Maya and Julian day counts; this engine uses the constant 584283.",
    "category": "Maya & Mesoamerican calendars",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Smithsonian NMAI: Maya calendar converter and units",
        "url": "https://maya.nmai.si.edu/calendar/maya-calendar-converter"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Chronological alignment convention",
      "note": "A correlation constant links the Long Count to Julian day numbering. This implementation declares 584283; differing correlation choices shift converted dates, so agreement on the count alone is insufficient when comparing historical chronologies.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Smithsonian NMAI: Maya calendar converter and units",
          "url": "https://maya.nmai.si.edu/calendar/maya-calendar-converter"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Initialism of three researchers' surnames.",
      "note": "GMT stands for Goodman–Martínez–Thompson: Joseph Goodman, Juan Martínez-Hernández, and J. Eric S. Thompson. Here it does not mean Greenwich Mean Time.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "UC Santa Barbara: the Goodman–Martínez–Thompson correlation name",
          "url": "https://news.ucsb.edu/2010/012892/research-ucsb-scholar-questions-accuracy-maya-calendar-correlation-2012-prophecy-and"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "phugpa",
    "term": "Phugpa",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "A Tibetan calendrical tradition with its own constants and month rules; another lineage can assign a different date.",
    "category": "Tibetan calendars",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Svante Janson: Tibetan calendar mathematics",
        "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/1401.6285"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Tibetan calendrical lineage",
      "note": "The date follows a particular set of astronomical and calendrical rules, including omitted and repeated days. Another lineage may legitimately give a different label; a converter must expose its tradition rather than present a universal Tibetan date.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Svante Janson: Tibetan calendar mathematics",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/1401.6285"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Tibetan lineage name: Phug-pa.",
      "note": "Named for Phugpa Lhundrub Gyatso, associated with the fifteenth-century calendar version. Phukluk/phug-lugs is a related tradition label; deeper personal-name derivation is left open.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Svante Janson: Tibetan calendar mathematics",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/1401.6285"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "tsurphu",
    "term": "Tsurphu",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "A Tibetan calendar tradition with calculations differing from Phugpa; it is not simply another timezone setting.",
    "category": "Tibetan calendars",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Svante Janson: Tibetan calendar mathematics",
        "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/1401.6285"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Tibetan calendrical lineage",
      "note": "Its constants and month rules define a distinct computational tradition. Reproducing a date requires those rules as well as the instant; changing a timezone cannot turn a Phugpa calculation into a Tsurphu one.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Svante Janson: Tibetan calendar mathematics",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/1401.6285"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Tibetan place and tradition name.",
      "note": "Tsurphu/Tshur-phu identifies the monastery associated with the Karma Kagyu calendar lineage. The place name is retained without inventing a literal translation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Svante Janson: Tibetan calendar mathematics",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/1401.6285"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "human-design",
    "term": "Human Design",
    "aliases": [
      "Rave astrology"
    ],
    "definition": "A modern symbolic system combining a zodiac gate map with a nine-center graph; its personality classifications are not biological measurements.",
    "category": "Human Design",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Jovian Archive: Mandala and BodyGraph",
        "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/the-mandala-and-the-bodygraph-in-human-design"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Modern esoteric teaching",
      "note": "The originating school defines a consistent mapping from astronomical positions to gates and a graph. Reproducing that map establishes internal consistency; its type descriptions and decision guidance require separate evidence if presented as facts about a person.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: Mandala and BodyGraph",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/the-mandala-and-the-bodygraph-in-human-design"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Modern authored English system name.",
      "note": "Human Design is Ra Uru Hu's system title. Design evokes a patterned human blueprint; the title is a modern naming choice.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: The Mandala and the BodyGraph",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/the-mandala-and-the-bodygraph-in-human-design"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "bodygraph",
    "term": "BodyGraph",
    "aliases": [
      "body graph"
    ],
    "definition": "Human Design’s diagram of nine centers connected by channels; planetary gate assignments determine its colored structure.",
    "category": "Human Design",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Jovian Archive: Mandala and BodyGraph",
        "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/the-mandala-and-the-bodygraph-in-human-design"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Rule-derived symbolic diagram",
      "note": "Gate activations and channel connections determine the diagram's colored structure. Those connections can be audited as a graph; the drawing is not an anatomical image or a measurement of energy moving through the body.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: Mandala and BodyGraph",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/the-mandala-and-the-bodygraph-in-human-design"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Modern coined English compound.",
      "note": "Body plus graph describes the human-shaped diagram. BodyGraph is the originating school's distinctive product terminology.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: The Mandala and the BodyGraph",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/the-mandala-and-the-bodygraph-in-human-design"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: graph",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/graph"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "rave-mandala",
    "term": "Rave Mandala",
    "aliases": [
      "mandala"
    ],
    "definition": "Human Design’s circular arrangement of sixty-four gates around the zodiac, distinct from ordinary zodiac-sign divisions.",
    "category": "Human Design",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Jovian Archive: Mandala and BodyGraph",
        "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/the-mandala-and-the-bodygraph-in-human-design"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Assigned zodiac–hexagram correspondence",
      "note": "The system places sixty-four gates in a prescribed order around the zodiac. Coordinates determine the selected sector, but the association between that sector and an I Ching theme is inherited from the teaching rather than astronomical observation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: Mandala and BodyGraph",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/the-mandala-and-the-bodygraph-in-human-design"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Modern coined name plus Sanskrit loanword.",
      "note": "Mandala comes from Sanskrit maṇḍala, circle or disk. Rave is the school's distinctive name; its deeper naming rationale is not established here.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: The Mandala and the BodyGraph",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/the-mandala-and-the-bodygraph-in-human-design"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: mandala",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/mandala"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "personality-activations",
    "term": "Personality activations",
    "aliases": [
      "Personality"
    ],
    "definition": "In Human Design, the birth-time planetary gate assignments, conventionally shown in black; this is a system label.",
    "category": "Human Design",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Jovian Archive: Personality and Design",
        "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/the-black-and-red-in-human-design"
      }
    ],
    "autoLink": false,
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Birth-chart mapping within Human Design",
      "note": "Planetary positions at birth supply the black activations under the system's gate map. Calling this layer personality or conscious describes its assigned role; it does not show which traits a person consciously recognizes or actually displays.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: Personality and Design",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/the-black-and-red-in-human-design"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Ordinary English words with a specialized modern use.",
      "note": "Personality names the birth-time side of the chart; activations extends the idea of making something active to marked gates.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: Personality and Design",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/the-black-and-red-in-human-design"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: activation",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/activation"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "design-activations",
    "term": "Design activations",
    "aliases": [
      "Design"
    ],
    "definition": "In Human Design, the prenatal assignments found when the Sun was 88° earlier in longitude, not a fixed 88-day subtraction.",
    "category": "Human Design",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Jovian Archive: Personality and Design",
        "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/the-black-and-red-in-human-design"
      }
    ],
    "autoLink": false,
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Prenatal solar-arc convention",
      "note": "The earlier chart is found by solving for an 88° solar-longitude difference. This is a defined computational rule, not a measured developmental threshold; a fixed number of days will not always reproduce its activations.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: Personality and Design",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/the-black-and-red-in-human-design"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Ordinary English words with a specialized modern use.",
      "note": "Design names the pre-birth side of the system's chart; activations names its marked placements. This is authored chart vocabulary.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: Personality and Design",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/the-black-and-red-in-human-design"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: design",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/design"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "gate",
    "term": "Gate",
    "aliases": [
      "Human Design gate"
    ],
    "definition": "One of sixty-four Human Design zodiac sectors associated with an I Ching hexagram and a BodyGraph location.",
    "category": "Human Design",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Jovian Archive: gates and hexagrams",
        "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/gates-and-hexagrams-in-human-design"
      }
    ],
    "autoLink": false,
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Symbolic angular partition",
      "note": "A planetary longitude selects a gate under a fixed sector map. The gate number and placement are checkable, while linking its hexagram theme to a person's behavior is an interpretive association supplied by Human Design.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: gates and hexagrams",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/gates-and-hexagrams-in-human-design"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Old English word used as a chart metaphor.",
      "note": "A gate is an opening or entrance. Human Design applies the entrance metaphor to a numbered position on the BodyGraph.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: gate",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/gate"
        },
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: The Mandala and the BodyGraph",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/the-mandala-and-the-bodygraph-in-human-design"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "activation",
    "term": "Activation",
    "aliases": [
      "activated gate"
    ],
    "definition": "A planetary position assigned to a Human Design gate; one activation alone does not necessarily define a center.",
    "category": "Human Design",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Jovian Archive: gates and hexagrams",
        "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/gates-and-hexagrams-in-human-design"
      }
    ],
    "autoLink": false,
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Positional assignment rule",
      "note": "An activation records that a selected planet falls within a gate sector. It is evidence of that mapping only; determining channels, centers or type requires subsequent graph rules rather than counting the activation as a complete connection.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: gates and hexagrams",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/gates-and-hexagrams-in-human-design"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin-derived English noun, technically repurposed.",
      "note": "Activation is making active, from active. The chart borrows this wording for the marking of a gate by a planetary placement.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: activation",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/activation"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "channel",
    "term": "Channel",
    "aliases": [
      "Human Design channel"
    ],
    "definition": "A specified pair of BodyGraph gates joining two centers; the channel is defined when both gates are activated.",
    "category": "Human Design",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Jovian Archive: gates and hexagrams",
        "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/gates-and-hexagrams-in-human-design"
      }
    ],
    "autoLink": false,
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Graph connection rule",
      "note": "A channel is complete when both of its prescribed endpoint gates are activated. This structural condition is reproducible; the theme attached to the connection is a teaching about the graph, not an observed bodily channel.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: gates and hexagrams",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/gates-and-hexagrams-in-human-design"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "French and Latin word used metaphorically.",
      "note": "Channel comes through French from Latin canalis, a conduit. The diagram uses the conduit metaphor for a connection between centers.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: channel",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/channel"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "defined-center",
    "term": "Defined center",
    "aliases": [
      "defined centers"
    ],
    "definition": "A BodyGraph center connected through at least one complete activated channel; “defined” is structural, not a rating of ability.",
    "category": "Human Design",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Jovian Archive: definition",
        "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/understanding-definition-in-human-design"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Graph-derived category",
      "note": "At least one completed channel determines the center's defined status. The rule can be checked directly from activations, but interpreting definition as consistent personal functioning goes beyond what the colored diagram establishes.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: definition",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/understanding-definition-in-human-design"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Descriptive modern chart phrase.",
      "note": "Defined means given a boundary or determinate form; the system applies it to a center connected by a completed channel.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: define",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/define"
        },
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: Human Design Dictionary",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/human-design-dictionary"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "undefined-center",
    "term": "Undefined center",
    "aliases": [
      "undefined centers"
    ],
    "definition": "A BodyGraph center without a complete activated channel; it may still contain one or more activated gates.",
    "category": "Human Design",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Jovian Archive: definition",
        "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/understanding-definition-in-human-design"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Graph-derived category",
      "note": "The absence of a completed channel gives this label even when some gates are activated. It identifies a structural condition; it does not establish weakness, suggestibility or a deficiency in the corresponding area of life.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: definition",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/understanding-definition-in-human-design"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Descriptive modern chart phrase.",
      "note": "Un- negates defined. In this specialized vocabulary a center can be undefined while still containing an activated gate.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: undefined",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/undefined"
        },
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: Human Design Dictionary",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/human-design-dictionary"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "completely-open-center",
    "term": "Completely open center",
    "aliases": [
      "completely open centers"
    ],
    "definition": "A BodyGraph center with no activated gates, distinguished here from an undefined center that has activations.",
    "category": "Human Design",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Jovian Archive: definition",
        "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/understanding-definition-in-human-design"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Graph-derived distinction",
      "note": "This label requires no activated gates in the center, a narrower condition than being undefined. That difference can be audited from the chart; descriptions of openness remain symbolic interpretations rather than measurements of receptivity.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: definition",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/understanding-definition-in-human-design"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Descriptive modern chart phrase.",
      "note": "Completely intensifies the metaphor open; the term specifies an undefined center without activated gates, a narrower use than ordinary open.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: open",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/open"
        },
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: Human Design Dictionary",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/human-design-dictionary"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "definition",
    "term": "Human Design definition",
    "aliases": [
      "Definition",
      "split definition",
      "single definition",
      "triple split definition",
      "quadruple split definition"
    ],
    "definition": "The connected groups of defined centers in a BodyGraph; splits count disconnected groups, not psychological fragmentation.",
    "category": "Human Design",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Jovian Archive: definition",
        "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/understanding-definition-in-human-design"
      }
    ],
    "autoLink": false,
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Connectivity classification",
      "note": "Counting connected groups of defined centers produces the definition category. Graph splits concern the diagram's paths; they do not demonstrate fragmented identity, a need for a particular partner or incomplete personal development.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: definition",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/understanding-definition-in-human-design"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin-derived English noun, technically repurposed.",
      "note": "Definition comes from defining or setting boundaries. Human Design reuses the word for the connectivity of completed channels.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: definition",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/definition"
        },
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: Human Design Dictionary",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/human-design-dictionary"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "human-design-type",
    "term": "Human Design type",
    "aliases": [
      "Type"
    ],
    "definition": "A category derived from BodyGraph connections; this engine distinguishes Manifesting Generator within the Generator family.",
    "category": "Human Design",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Jovian Archive: type and strategy",
        "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/type-and-strategy-in-human-design"
      }
    ],
    "autoLink": false,
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Rule-based typology",
      "note": "Type follows the school's hierarchy of Sacral definition and motor-to-Throat connections. Correct classification verifies those graph rules; it does not establish that the resulting behavioral description reliably distinguishes people outside the model.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: type and strategy",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/type-and-strategy-in-human-design"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Ordinary classification term in a modern system.",
      "note": "Type derives from Greek typos, an impression or model. Here it names a class within Human Design's own classification.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: type",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/type"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "generator",
    "term": "Generator",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "A Human Design type with a defined Sacral center; the system associates it with responding rather than a medical energy level.",
    "category": "Human Design",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Jovian Archive: type and strategy",
        "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/type-and-strategy-in-human-design"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Sacral-based graph category",
      "note": "A defined Sacral places the chart in the Generator family under Human Design rules. The label supports the system's recommended practice of response; it is not evidence of a particular amount of stamina or a required occupation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: type and strategy",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/type-and-strategy-in-human-design"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin-derived agent noun, technically repurposed.",
      "note": "Generator names something that produces, from generate and Latin generare. Human Design borrows the productive-energy metaphor for a type.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: generator",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/generator"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "manifesting-generator",
    "term": "Manifesting Generator",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "A Generator subtype with a defined Sacral and a motor connected to the Throat through defined channels.",
    "category": "Human Design",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Jovian Archive: type and strategy",
        "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/type-and-strategy-in-human-design"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Generator subtype convention",
      "note": "Sacral definition and a complete motor-to-Throat path determine this subtype. The path can pass through intermediate centers; the classification does not by itself establish greater speed, productivity or an obligation to multitask.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: type and strategy",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/type-and-strategy-in-human-design"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Modern compound type name.",
      "note": "Manifesting adds the making-visible or bringing-forth sense of manifest to Generator. The compound names a subtype in the originating school's vocabulary.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: manifest",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/manifest"
        },
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: Human Design Dictionary",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/human-design-dictionary"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "manifestor",
    "term": "Manifestor",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "A Human Design type with an undefined Sacral and a motor-to-Throat connection through defined channels.",
    "category": "Human Design",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Jovian Archive: type and strategy",
        "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/type-and-strategy-in-human-design"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Connection-based graph category",
      "note": "An undefined Sacral plus a motor-to-Throat path produces this category. Its association with initiating and informing comes from the teaching, rather than evidence that people with this graph possess a unique causal power to initiate events.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: type and strategy",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/type-and-strategy-in-human-design"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Modern specialized agent noun.",
      "note": "Manifestor is built on manifest, make evident or bring into expression, plus an agent ending. It is a system type name, not an ancient chart term.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: manifest",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/manifest"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "projector",
    "term": "Projector",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "A Human Design type with some definition, an undefined Sacral and no motor-to-Throat connection.",
    "category": "Human Design",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Jovian Archive: type and strategy",
        "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/type-and-strategy-in-human-design"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Connection-based graph category",
      "note": "The chart has some definition but lacks both Sacral definition and a motor-to-Throat path. The assigned guidance about recognition and invitations is a practice within Human Design, not proof of limited ability to act independently.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: type and strategy",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/type-and-strategy-in-human-design"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "English agent noun with Latin roots.",
      "note": "Projector derives from project, to throw or put forward. Human Design reuses the word as a type name; ordinary projection is only its lexical background.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: projector",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/projector"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "reflector",
    "term": "Reflector",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "The Human Design type with no defined centers; this is a graph classification, not a clinical trait.",
    "category": "Human Design",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Jovian Archive: type and strategy",
        "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/type-and-strategy-in-human-design"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Absence-of-definition category",
      "note": "No completed channels means no defined centers and yields this type. The graph condition is unambiguous under fixed inputs; it does not show that a person lacks stable traits or literally absorbs other people's characteristics.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: type and strategy",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/type-and-strategy-in-human-design"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "English agent noun with Latin roots.",
      "note": "Reflector derives from reflect, to bend or turn back. The type name borrows the image of reflecting one's surroundings.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: reflector",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/reflector"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "strategy",
    "term": "Strategy",
    "aliases": [
      "Human Design strategy"
    ],
    "definition": "A type-specific practice recommended within Human Design, such as responding or waiting for invitations; it is optional reflective guidance.",
    "category": "Human Design",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Jovian Archive: type and strategy",
        "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/type-and-strategy-in-human-design"
      }
    ],
    "autoLink": false,
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Type-based reflective practice",
      "note": "The originating teaching recommends a different approach to engagement for each type. A person can examine its usefulness through experience, but a matching type label alone does not demonstrate that following the strategy improves decisions.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: type and strategy",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/type-and-strategy-in-human-design"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Greek through French and English.",
      "note": "Strategy ultimately concerns generalship, from Greek strategos. Human Design adapts the planning word for its type-specific way of engaging.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: strategy",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/strategy"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "authority",
    "term": "Authority",
    "aliases": [
      "inner authority"
    ],
    "definition": "Human Design’s category for a recommended decision process, derived from center patterns; it does not replace evidence or professional advice.",
    "category": "Human Design",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Jovian Archive: inner authority",
        "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/what-is-inner-authority-in-human-design"
      }
    ],
    "autoLink": false,
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Prescribed decision framework",
      "note": "A hierarchy of chart connections assigns a recommended decision process. That assignment is reproducible within Human Design; it does not establish the reliability of a feeling, sensation or timing rule for a particular real-world choice.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: inner authority",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/what-is-inner-authority-in-human-design"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin through French.",
      "note": "Authority comes from auctoritas, standing or authorization. The system transfers this decision-giving role to its internally named bodily authorities.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: authority",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/authority"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "human-design-profile",
    "term": "Human Design profile",
    "aliases": [
      "Profile"
    ],
    "definition": "A pair of line numbers from the birth and design Sun placements, such as 4/6, linked to the system’s role descriptions.",
    "category": "Human Design",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Jovian Archive: profile",
        "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/understanding-profile-in-human-design"
      }
    ],
    "autoLink": false,
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Paired line classification",
      "note": "Two Sun-line assignments produce the profile pair, using birth and design positions. Small changes near line boundaries can change the label; role descriptions attached to the pair are interpretive themes rather than biographical observations.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: profile",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/understanding-profile-in-human-design"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "French/Italian-derived English noun, repurposed.",
      "note": "Profile originally describes an outline or side view. Here the word names the paired line designation used as a character outline.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: profile",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/profile"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "line",
    "term": "Line",
    "aliases": [
      "gate line"
    ],
    "definition": "One of six divisions within a Human Design gate; it is an angular subdivision rather than a physical line on the body.",
    "category": "Human Design",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Jovian Archive: substructure",
        "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/the-basics-of-substructure-in-human-design"
      }
    ],
    "autoLink": false,
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Nested symbolic subdivision",
      "note": "The gate is divided into six equal angular parts, with each part assigned a line theme. This makes the number calculable; the theme's fit to a person is not established by the precision of the subdivision.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: substructure",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/the-basics-of-substructure-in-human-design"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin through French; translated diagram term.",
      "note": "Line comes from linea, linen thread or line. Its system use inherits the six-line structure of an I Ching hexagram.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: line",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/line"
        },
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: The Mandala and the BodyGraph",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/the-mandala-and-the-bodygraph-in-human-design"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "color",
    "term": "Color",
    "aliases": [
      "Colour",
      "Human Design color"
    ],
    "definition": "One of six subdivisions within a Human Design line; this technical use does not mean visible color.",
    "category": "Human Design",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Jovian Archive: substructure",
        "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/the-basics-of-substructure-in-human-design"
      }
    ],
    "autoLink": false,
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Fine angular subdivision",
      "note": "Six colors subdivide each line in the system's hierarchy. The label records a finer positional interval, not a sensed color or measurable aura; interpretations become especially dependent on accurate input near subdivision boundaries.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: substructure",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/the-basics-of-substructure-in-human-design"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin through French; modern metaphorical label.",
      "note": "Color has its ordinary visual origin, but the capitalized chart term names a subdivision below Line. It does not name visible wavelength.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: color",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/color"
        },
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: Human Design Dictionary",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/human-design-dictionary"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "tone",
    "term": "Tone",
    "aliases": [
      "Human Design tone"
    ],
    "definition": "One of six subdivisions within a Human Design color; it is not a measured sound frequency.",
    "category": "Human Design",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Jovian Archive: substructure",
        "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/the-basics-of-substructure-in-human-design"
      }
    ],
    "autoLink": false,
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Fine angular subdivision",
      "note": "Six tones subdivide each color under a fixed mapping. Their sensory and cognitive associations are part of the teaching; the angular calculation does not measure hearing, neural processing or a physical vibration.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: substructure",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/the-basics-of-substructure-in-human-design"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Greek through Latin; modern metaphorical label.",
      "note": "Tone ultimately comes from tonos, tension or pitch. The system borrows this musical/sensory word for a level below Color.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: tone",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/tone"
        },
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: Human Design Dictionary",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/human-design-dictionary"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "base",
    "term": "Base",
    "aliases": [
      "Human Design base"
    ],
    "definition": "One of five subdivisions within a Human Design tone; its fine angular scale makes precise birth time important.",
    "category": "Human Design",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Jovian Archive: substructure",
        "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/the-basics-of-substructure-in-human-design"
      }
    ],
    "autoLink": false,
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Fine angular subdivision",
      "note": "Each tone is divided into five bases, yielding very small longitude intervals. A stable assignment requires adequate time and ephemeris precision; extra displayed detail does not independently support the corresponding spiritual interpretation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: substructure",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/the-basics-of-substructure-in-human-design"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Greek and Latin through French; modern technical label.",
      "note": "Base means a foundation or supporting part. Human Design uses this foundational metaphor for a finer subdivision below Tone.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: base",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/base"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "head-center",
    "term": "Head center",
    "aliases": [
      "Head"
    ],
    "definition": "Human Design’s symbolic inspiration and questioning center; its chart status does not measure the brain.",
    "category": "Human Design centers",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Jovian Archive: the nine centers",
        "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/the-nine-centers-of-the-bodygraph-in-human-design"
      }
    ],
    "autoLink": false,
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Symbolic center correspondence",
      "note": "Human Design assigns inspiration and questioning to this part of its graph. Channel rules determine its status, but that status does not measure brain activity or establish how often a person experiences ideas or uncertainty.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: the nine centers",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/the-nine-centers-of-the-bodygraph-in-human-design"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Descriptive anatomical metaphor.",
      "note": "Head is the inherited English name for the upper body part. The chart places its pressure-center symbol at the head position.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: head",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/head"
        },
        {
          "title": "Ra Uru Hu: The Rave BodyGraph, Centers and Streams",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/products/the-rave-bodygraph-centers-and-streams"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "ajna-center",
    "term": "Ajna center",
    "aliases": [
      "Ajna"
    ],
    "definition": "Human Design’s symbolic center for conceptualization and mental processing, not a neurological assessment.",
    "category": "Human Design centers",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Jovian Archive: the nine centers",
        "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/the-nine-centers-of-the-bodygraph-in-human-design"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Symbolic center correspondence",
      "note": "This center is associated with concepts and mental processing in the teaching. Its definition is calculated from channels; it cannot establish intelligence, cognitive rigidity or the validity of a person's beliefs.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: the nine centers",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/the-nine-centers-of-the-bodygraph-in-human-design"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit loanword in a modern compound.",
      "note": "Ājñā means command, order, or instruction. The name is borrowed from chakra terminology into the system's chart vocabulary.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams lexical reference",
          "url": "https://sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Ra Uru Hu: The Rave BodyGraph, Centers and Streams",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/products/the-rave-bodygraph-centers-and-streams"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "throat-center",
    "term": "Throat center",
    "aliases": [
      "Throat"
    ],
    "definition": "Human Design’s symbolic expression and manifestation center; connections to motors help determine type.",
    "category": "Human Design centers",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Jovian Archive: the nine centers",
        "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/the-nine-centers-of-the-bodygraph-in-human-design"
      }
    ],
    "autoLink": false,
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Symbolic center and graph role",
      "note": "The teaching associates this center with expression, and its connections help classify type. A motor path is a property of the diagram; it does not directly measure communication skill or a person's capacity to make things happen.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: the nine centers",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/the-nine-centers-of-the-bodygraph-in-human-design"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Descriptive anatomical metaphor.",
      "note": "Throat is an inherited English body-part word. It names the diagram's expression center by its bodily location.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: throat",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/throat"
        },
        {
          "title": "Ra Uru Hu: The Rave BodyGraph, Centers and Streams",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/products/the-rave-bodygraph-centers-and-streams"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "g-center",
    "term": "G center",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Human Design’s symbolic center of identity, love and direction, not a measured anatomical structure.",
    "category": "Human Design centers",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Jovian Archive: the nine centers",
        "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/the-nine-centers-of-the-bodygraph-in-human-design"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Symbolic center correspondence",
      "note": "Identity, love and direction are themes assigned to this graph location. Its calculated status offers a contemplation prompt, not evidence about whether someone has a stable identity, can love or has a predetermined life direction.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: the nine centers",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/the-nine-centers-of-the-bodygraph-in-human-design"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Modern letter-name within Human Design.",
      "note": "G is the center's established label. The cited teaching associates it with identity and direction; no unsupported expansion of the letter is asserted.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Ra Uru Hu: The Rave BodyGraph, Centers and Streams",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/products/the-rave-bodygraph-centers-and-streams"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "ego-center",
    "term": "Ego center",
    "aliases": [
      "Heart center",
      "Will center"
    ],
    "definition": "Human Design’s symbolic will and material-resources center, counted among its four motors.",
    "category": "Human Design centers",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Jovian Archive: the nine centers",
        "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/the-nine-centers-of-the-bodygraph-in-human-design"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Symbolic motor category",
      "note": "The system associates this motor center with will and material resources. Its channel-derived status does not measure cardiac function, moral character, financial competence or the strength of a person's commitments.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: the nine centers",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/the-nine-centers-of-the-bodygraph-in-human-design"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin word adopted through psychology.",
      "note": "Ego is Latin for I. Human Design borrows the psychological self-word for its will-related center.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: ego",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ego"
        },
        {
          "title": "Ra Uru Hu: The Rave BodyGraph, Centers and Streams",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/products/the-rave-bodygraph-centers-and-streams"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "sacral-center",
    "term": "Sacral center",
    "aliases": [
      "Sacral"
    ],
    "definition": "Human Design’s symbolic response and sustaining-energy center; its definition is central to Generator classification.",
    "category": "Human Design centers",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Jovian Archive: the nine centers",
        "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/the-nine-centers-of-the-bodygraph-in-human-design"
      }
    ],
    "autoLink": false,
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Symbolic center and classification rule",
      "note": "Sacral definition has a decisive role in Generator classification. The structural result is checkable, while claims about sustainable energy or bodily responses are interpretive and cannot be read as measurements of physical capacity.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: the nine centers",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/the-nine-centers-of-the-bodygraph-in-human-design"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Anatomical adjective from sacrum.",
      "note": "Sacral refers to the sacrum, a name inherited from Latin os sacrum, sacred bone. The chart repurposes the anatomical location.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: sacral",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sacral"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: sacrum",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sacrum"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "solar-plexus-center",
    "term": "Solar Plexus center",
    "aliases": [
      "Solar Plexus"
    ],
    "definition": "Human Design’s symbolic emotional center, treated as both a motor and an awareness center.",
    "category": "Human Design centers",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Jovian Archive: the nine centers",
        "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/the-nine-centers-of-the-bodygraph-in-human-design"
      }
    ],
    "autoLink": false,
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Symbolic motor and awareness category",
      "note": "Human Design assigns emotional themes and priority in its authority hierarchy to this center. That chart rule does not assess emotional health or demonstrate a particular emotional rhythm in the person being described.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: the nine centers",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/the-nine-centers-of-the-bodygraph-in-human-design"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Borrowed anatomical name.",
      "note": "Plexus is Latin for a braid or network; solar refers to the radiating, sun-like arrangement of the nerve network whose name is borrowed.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: solar plexus",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/solar%20plexus"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "splenic-center",
    "term": "Splenic center",
    "aliases": [
      "Spleen center"
    ],
    "definition": "Human Design’s symbolic instinct and present-moment awareness center; it is not a test of immune function.",
    "category": "Human Design centers",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Jovian Archive: the nine centers",
        "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/the-nine-centers-of-the-bodygraph-in-human-design"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Symbolic awareness correspondence",
      "note": "The center's themes involve instinct and immediate awareness within Human Design. Its channel pattern does not test the spleen, immunity or the accuracy of an intuition; those are different kinds of claims from graph classification.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: the nine centers",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/the-nine-centers-of-the-bodygraph-in-human-design"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Anatomical adjective.",
      "note": "Splenic means relating to the spleen, from Greek splen through Latin. The diagram borrows the organ's name for a center.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: splenic",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/splenic"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "root-center",
    "term": "Root center",
    "aliases": [
      "Root"
    ],
    "definition": "Human Design’s symbolic pressure and drive center, classified as a motor; chart labels do not diagnose stress.",
    "category": "Human Design centers",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Jovian Archive: the nine centers",
        "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/the-nine-centers-of-the-bodygraph-in-human-design"
      }
    ],
    "autoLink": false,
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Symbolic pressure and motor category",
      "note": "Pressure and drive are assigned themes, while channels determine the center's status. A defined or undefined Root does not establish a person's stress level, hormonal activity or ability to work under pressure.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: the nine centers",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/the-nine-centers-of-the-bodygraph-in-human-design"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Ordinary English spatial metaphor.",
      "note": "Root names a plant's anchoring part, extended to a source or base. The chart applies the grounding metaphor at its lower end.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: root",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/root"
        },
        {
          "title": "Ra Uru Hu: The Rave BodyGraph, Centers and Streams",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/products/the-rave-bodygraph-centers-and-streams"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "gene-keys",
    "term": "Gene Keys",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Richard Rudd’s contemplative symbolic framework of sixty-four keys; it does not analyze a person’s DNA.",
    "category": "Gene Keys",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Gene Keys: glossary of empowerment",
        "url": "https://genekeys.com/resource/glossary-of-empowerment/"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Modern contemplative teaching",
      "note": "Richard Rudd's framework uses astronomical mappings and sixty-four themes as material for contemplation. Its genetic language is metaphorical in this use; a profile supplies neither DNA data nor independent evidence of inherited psychological characteristics.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Gene Keys: glossary of empowerment",
          "url": "https://genekeys.com/resource/glossary-of-empowerment/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Modern coined English system title.",
      "note": "Richard Rudd's title combines gene, the biological term, with keys, a metaphor for unlocking. It names an authored contemplative system.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Richard Rudd: Gene Keys, a simple introduction",
          "url": "https://genekeys.com/articles/gene-keys-a-simple-introduction/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "shadow",
    "term": "Shadow",
    "aliases": [
      "Gene Keys Shadow"
    ],
    "definition": "In Gene Keys, a challenging pattern offered for contemplation; it is not a diagnosis or a moral verdict.",
    "category": "Gene Keys",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Gene Keys: glossary of empowerment",
        "url": "https://genekeys.com/resource/glossary-of-empowerment/"
      }
    ],
    "autoLink": false,
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Contemplative interpretive category",
      "note": "A Shadow names a challenging expression within a Gene Key's teaching. Readers can reflect on whether the theme fits their experience; its presence in a profile is not evidence that the person possesses a hidden defect.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Gene Keys: glossary of empowerment",
          "url": "https://genekeys.com/resource/glossary-of-empowerment/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Inherited English word used metaphorically.",
      "note": "Shadow comes from Old English sceadu. Gene Keys adapts the contrast between shade and light for one level of its interpretive spectrum.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: shadow",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/shadow"
        },
        {
          "title": "Richard Rudd: Gene Keys, a simple introduction",
          "url": "https://genekeys.com/articles/gene-keys-a-simple-introduction/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "gift",
    "term": "Gift",
    "aliases": [
      "Gene Keys Gift"
    ],
    "definition": "In Gene Keys, a constructive expression of a key’s theme; it is not a verified talent score.",
    "category": "Gene Keys",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Gene Keys: glossary of empowerment",
        "url": "https://genekeys.com/resource/glossary-of-empowerment/"
      }
    ],
    "autoLink": false,
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Contemplative interpretive category",
      "note": "A Gift names a constructive expression offered by the Gene Keys framework. It is an invitation to explore a quality, rather than a validated assessment of talent or a promise that contemplation will produce a particular ability.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Gene Keys: glossary of empowerment",
          "url": "https://genekeys.com/resource/glossary-of-empowerment/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Inherited Germanic word used metaphorically.",
      "note": "Gift names something given. The system applies this positive endowment metaphor to one level of its spectrum.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: gift",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/gift"
        },
        {
          "title": "Richard Rudd: Gene Keys, a simple introduction",
          "url": "https://genekeys.com/articles/gene-keys-a-simple-introduction/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "siddhi",
    "term": "Siddhi",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Gene Keys’ term for a transcendent expression of a theme, presented as spiritual teaching rather than a measurable achievement.",
    "category": "Gene Keys",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Gene Keys: glossary of empowerment",
        "url": "https://genekeys.com/resource/glossary-of-empowerment/"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Spiritual teaching",
      "note": "The term designates a transcendent expression in the Gene Keys model. First-party material explains that spiritual ideal; a chart assignment cannot establish that someone has attained it or provide an objective ranking of spiritual development.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Gene Keys: glossary of empowerment",
          "url": "https://genekeys.com/resource/glossary-of-empowerment/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit loanword: siddhi.",
      "note": "Siddhi means accomplishment, success, or perfection and can denote extraordinary powers. Gene Keys uses it as a specialized spiritual level-name.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: siddhi (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/294.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Richard Rudd: Gene Keys, a simple introduction",
          "url": "https://genekeys.com/articles/gene-keys-a-simple-introduction/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "hologenetic-profile",
    "term": "Hologenetic Profile",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "A Gene Keys arrangement of planetary key-and-line assignments used for contemplation; its name does not imply genetic testing.",
    "category": "Gene Keys",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Gene Keys: how to read your profile",
        "url": "https://genekeys.com/docs/how-to-read-your-profile/"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Mapped contemplation framework",
      "note": "Selected birth and design placements are mapped to keys, lines and spheres. These assignments can be reproduced from the rules; the profile's name does not indicate a genetic analysis or a demonstrated mechanism linking planets to DNA.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Gene Keys: how to read your profile",
          "url": "https://genekeys.com/docs/how-to-read-your-profile/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Modern coined term in Gene Keys.",
      "note": "Holo- means whole; genetic supplies generation/heredity vocabulary. Rudd uses Hologenetic Profile for the individual-in-the-whole map; this is system terminology.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Richard Rudd: The Glossary of Empowerment",
          "url": "https://genekeys.com/the-glossary-of-empowerment/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: holo-",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/holo-"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "sphere",
    "term": "Sphere",
    "aliases": [
      "Gene Keys sphere"
    ],
    "definition": "A named focus within a Gene Keys profile, assigned to a particular planetary placement; it is not a physical energy sphere.",
    "category": "Gene Keys",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Gene Keys: how to read your profile",
        "url": "https://genekeys.com/docs/how-to-read-your-profile/"
      }
    ],
    "autoLink": false,
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Assigned contemplation focus",
      "note": "A sphere combines a named life theme with a prescribed planetary mapping. Its assignment is a rule of the framework; it is not the detection of a physical sphere or evidence that the topic dominates a person's life.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Gene Keys: how to read your profile",
          "url": "https://genekeys.com/docs/how-to-read-your-profile/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Greek through Latin and French, used metaphorically.",
      "note": "Sphere derives from sphaira, ball. In the profile, the word labels a thematic focus represented by a circular node.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: sphere",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sphere"
        },
        {
          "title": "Gene Keys: How to read your profile",
          "url": "https://teachings.genekeys.com/how-to-read-your-profile/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "golden-path",
    "term": "Golden Path",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "The Gene Keys sequence framework for contemplating purpose, relationships and contribution; it is a teaching path, not a fate calculation.",
    "category": "Gene Keys",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Richard Rudd: history of the Hologenetic Profile",
        "url": "https://genekeys.com/articles/hologenesis-and-the-sacred-wound-the-story-behind-your-profile/"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Structured contemplative curriculum",
      "note": "The sequence organizes reflection across purpose, relationships and contribution. Its order belongs to a teaching method; completing the path does not mathematically determine a life outcome or verify the profile's descriptions.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Richard Rudd: history of the Hologenetic Profile",
          "url": "https://genekeys.com/articles/hologenesis-and-the-sacred-wound-the-story-behind-your-profile/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Modern authored English title.",
      "note": "Golden evokes value or excellence; path evokes a course of development. Gene Keys uses the combined metaphor as a curriculum name.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Richard Rudd: The Glossary of Empowerment",
          "url": "https://genekeys.com/the-glossary-of-empowerment/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "activation-sequence",
    "term": "Activation Sequence",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "The Gene Keys sequence of Life’s Work, Evolution, Radiance and Purpose, used for contemplation of personal foundations.",
    "category": "Gene Keys",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Richard Rudd: history of the Hologenetic Profile",
        "url": "https://genekeys.com/articles/hologenesis-and-the-sacred-wound-the-story-behind-your-profile/"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Four-sphere contemplation structure",
      "note": "The sequence selects four mapped themes as foundations for reflection. Calculations identify the keys and lines, while claims about personal purpose or radiance remain contemplative meanings rather than observed biological or vocational facts.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Richard Rudd: history of the Hologenetic Profile",
          "url": "https://genekeys.com/articles/hologenesis-and-the-sacred-wound-the-story-behind-your-profile/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Modern authored English label.",
      "note": "Activation evokes bringing potential into activity; sequence names an ordered series. The title identifies the first Gene Keys pathway.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Gene Keys: How to read your profile",
          "url": "https://teachings.genekeys.com/how-to-read-your-profile/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "venus-sequence",
    "term": "Venus Sequence",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "A Gene Keys contemplative sequence concerned with relationships and emotional patterns; labels do not establish a person’s trauma history.",
    "category": "Gene Keys",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Richard Rudd: history of the Hologenetic Profile",
        "url": "https://genekeys.com/articles/hologenesis-and-the-sacred-wound-the-story-behind-your-profile/"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Relationship contemplation framework",
      "note": "Its spheres organize reflection on relational and emotional themes. A profile can suggest topics to consider, but it cannot recover a person's childhood history, establish a trauma or reveal another person's feelings.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Richard Rudd: history of the Hologenetic Profile",
          "url": "https://genekeys.com/articles/hologenesis-and-the-sacred-wound-the-story-behind-your-profile/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Mythological planet-name in a modern title.",
      "note": "Venus is the Roman love goddess and planet name. The Gene Keys sequence adopts that name for its relationship-focused pathway.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Gene Keys: How to read your profile",
          "url": "https://teachings.genekeys.com/how-to-read-your-profile/"
        },
        {
          "title": "NASA StarChild: How planets and moons get their names",
          "url": "https://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/questions/question48.html"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "pearl-sequence",
    "term": "Pearl Sequence",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "A Gene Keys sequence exploring contribution and prosperity; it does not predict income or financial success.",
    "category": "Gene Keys",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Richard Rudd: history of the Hologenetic Profile",
        "url": "https://genekeys.com/articles/hologenesis-and-the-sacred-wound-the-story-behind-your-profile/"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Contribution contemplation framework",
      "note": "This sequence frames prosperity through selected symbolic themes. Its assignments are not economic measurements; neither a key nor a line establishes likely income, business success or the suitability of a financial decision.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Richard Rudd: history of the Hologenetic Profile",
          "url": "https://genekeys.com/articles/hologenesis-and-the-sacred-wound-the-story-behind-your-profile/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Modern authored metaphorical title.",
      "note": "Pearl names a valued gem formed within a shell. The sequence title uses this precious-product metaphor in the Gene Keys curriculum.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Gene Keys: How to read your profile",
          "url": "https://teachings.genekeys.com/how-to-read-your-profile/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: pearl",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pearl"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "lifes-work",
    "term": "Life’s Work",
    "aliases": [
      "Life's Work",
      "Brand sphere"
    ],
    "definition": "The Gene Keys sphere mapped to the birth Sun’s key and line, used as a symbolic contemplation focus.",
    "category": "Gene Keys",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Gene Keys: sphere-to-planet correlations",
        "url": "https://genekeys.com/docs/what-planets-does-each-sphere-of-the-golden-path-profile-correlate-to/"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Birth-Sun symbolic assignment",
      "note": "The birth Sun's gate and line determine this sphere under the profile's map. The resulting theme may support reflection on expression and contribution; it does not identify an objectively correct career or a required life mission.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Gene Keys: sphere-to-planet correlations",
          "url": "https://genekeys.com/docs/what-planets-does-each-sphere-of-the-golden-path-profile-correlate-to/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Transparent English possessive phrase.",
      "note": "Life's Work names the work of a lifetime; Brand is the system's alternative sphere label, borrowing modern public-identity vocabulary.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Gene Keys: How to read your profile",
          "url": "https://teachings.genekeys.com/how-to-read-your-profile/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "iq-eq-and-sq",
    "term": "IQ, EQ and SQ",
    "aliases": [
      "Gene Keys IQ",
      "Gene Keys EQ",
      "Gene Keys SQ"
    ],
    "definition": "Gene Keys sphere labels mapped to selected birth and design placements; they are not intelligence or psychological test results.",
    "category": "Gene Keys",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Gene Keys: sphere-to-planet correlations",
        "url": "https://genekeys.com/docs/what-planets-does-each-sphere-of-the-golden-path-profile-correlate-to/"
      }
    ],
    "autoLink": false,
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Framework-specific sphere labels",
      "note": "These labels refer to mapped Gene Keys contemplation themes, not scores produced by standardized tests. Their planetary assignments cannot quantify intelligence, emotional competence or a child's psychological development.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Gene Keys: sphere-to-planet correlations",
          "url": "https://genekeys.com/docs/what-planets-does-each-sphere-of-the-golden-path-profile-correlate-to/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Modern initialisms reused by Gene Keys.",
      "note": "IQ expands intelligence quotient, EQ emotional quotient, and SQ spiritual quotient in this system. The labels borrow quotient language for three spheres.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Gene Keys: How to read your profile",
          "url": "https://teachings.genekeys.com/how-to-read-your-profile/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "retrograde",
    "term": "Retrograde",
    "aliases": [
      "retrograde motion"
    ],
    "definition": "Apparent backward movement in a selected, usually geocentric, coordinate frame; it does not mean that a planet physically reverses its orbit.",
    "category": "Astronomy & calculated points",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: technical documentation",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swisseph.htm"
      },
      {
        "title": "William Lilly: Christian Astrology, original p.115 · accidental fortitudes",
        "url": "https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b30338724_0149.jp2/full/1800,/0/default.jpg"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Apparent motion in a reference frame",
      "note": "Successive positions establish whether longitude is increasing or decreasing in the declared frame. In a geocentric chart this can be an apparent reversal produced by relative motion and viewpoint. Traditional horary associations such as delay, return, or reversal are interpretive and require the rest of the selected method; they are not measured consequences of the motion.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: technical documentation",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swisseph.htm"
        },
        {
          "title": "William Lilly: Christian Astrology, original p.115 · accidental fortitudes",
          "url": "https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b30338724_0149.jp2/full/1800,/0/default.jpg"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin through Middle English.",
      "note": "Retrogradus means going backward, from retro- and gradi, to step or go. The chart usage describes apparent backward longitude motion.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: retrograde",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/retrograde"
        }
      ]
    },
    "related": [
      "accidental-dignity",
      "house-condition",
      "ecliptic-longitude",
      "geocentric",
      "annual-profection",
      "lord-of-the-year"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "stationary",
    "term": "Stationary",
    "aliases": [
      "planetary station"
    ],
    "definition": "A moment when apparent longitudinal motion passes through zero near a change between direct and retrograde motion.",
    "category": "Astronomy & calculated points",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: technical documentation",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swisseph.htm"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Instantaneous motion criterion",
      "note": "A station is located by solving for zero longitudinal speed in a specified frame. A display that rounds a small speed to zero is not an exact station; practical station windows require a separately declared tolerance.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: technical documentation",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swisseph.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin-derived English adjective.",
      "note": "Stationary belongs to the station family, from Latin statio, a standing. The term names an apparent pause in a body's longitudinal movement.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: station",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/station"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "north-lunar-node",
    "term": "North lunar node",
    "aliases": [
      "ascending lunar node",
      "North Node"
    ],
    "definition": "The point where the Moon’s orbit crosses the ecliptic from south to north.",
    "category": "Astronomy & calculated points",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "NASA JPL: astronomy glossary",
        "url": "https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/glossary/"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Orbital intersection geometry",
      "note": "The node follows from the Moon's orbital plane crossing the ecliptic northward. It helps describe eclipse geometry, but it is a location defined by planes rather than a body that emits a distinct influence.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "NASA JPL: astronomy glossary",
          "url": "https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/glossary/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Descriptive astronomical phrase with Latin roots.",
      "note": "Node comes from nodus, knot. North specifies the crossing where the Moon goes toward the north side of the ecliptic.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: node",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/node"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "mean-node",
    "term": "Mean node",
    "aliases": [
      "Mean North Node"
    ],
    "definition": "A smoothed model of the lunar node, omitting short-period oscillations.",
    "category": "Astronomy & calculated points",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: programming manual",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swephprg.htm"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Smoothed orbital model",
      "note": "Averaging removes short-period variation to provide a regular node trajectory. The result is a deliberate model, not a less carefully observed planet; comparisons with true-node positions must account for the different quantities being represented.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: programming manual",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swephprg.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Descriptive mathematical qualifier.",
      "note": "Mean names an averaged representation; node comes from the Latin word for knot. The phrase distinguishes the smoothed nodal model.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: mean",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/mean"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: node",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/node"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "true-node",
    "term": "True node",
    "aliases": [
      "True North Node"
    ],
    "definition": "A node calculated from the Moon’s instantaneous orbital geometry; it can briefly move direct despite the mean node’s retrograde motion.",
    "category": "Astronomy & calculated points",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: programming manual",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swephprg.htm"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Instantaneous orbital model",
      "note": "The calculation uses the Moon's instantaneous orbital geometry, retaining variations omitted by a mean model. True names that modeling choice; it does not establish that this node convention produces truer astrological interpretations.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: programming manual",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swephprg.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Historical astronomical model label.",
      "note": "True is the conventional counterpart to mean, indicating an instant-dependent rather than averaged node. The adjective is part of the model's name.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: programming manual",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swephprg.htm"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "osculating-apogee",
    "term": "Osculating apogee",
    "aliases": [
      "True Lilith"
    ],
    "definition": "The apogee of an instantaneous fitted lunar orbit; its changes include short-period effects and differ from the mean apogee.",
    "category": "Astronomy & calculated points",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: programming manual",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swephprg.htm"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Instantaneous fitted-orbit geometry",
      "note": "An ellipse fitted to the current lunar state supplies this apogee. Perturbations continually change that fit, so its direction is not necessarily the place of the Moon's next actual greatest distance from Earth.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: programming manual",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swephprg.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin and Greek mathematical vocabulary.",
      "note": "Osculating comes from osculari, to kiss; a locally fitted orbit metaphorically kisses the actual trajectory. Apogee means far from Earth.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: osculate",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/osculate"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: apogee",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/apogee"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "black-moon-lilith",
    "term": "Black Moon Lilith",
    "aliases": [
      "Mean Lilith"
    ],
    "definition": "An astrological lunar-apogee point, with several calculation conventions; it is distinct from asteroid 1181 Lilith and hypothetical dark-moon models.",
    "category": "Astronomy & calculated points",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: programming manual",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swephprg.htm"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Astrological label for calculated points",
      "note": "Different Lilith calculations select different lunar-apogee models. Reproducible comparison requires the exact point and method; shared mythology does not make an apogee, an asteroid and a hypothetical dark moon the same astronomical object.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: programming manual",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swephprg.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Modern astronomical nickname with a mythological name.",
      "note": "Black Moon is a descriptive occult label; Lilith is borrowed from the Hebrew name of a female demon. Deeper derivations are not assumed here.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: Lilith",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Lilith"
        },
        {
          "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: programming manual",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swephprg.htm"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "hypothetical-uranian-point",
    "term": "Hypothetical Uranian point",
    "aliases": [
      "Uranian hypothetical bodies"
    ],
    "definition": "A mathematically modelled point used in the Hamburg School, such as Cupido or Hades; these are not confirmed physical planets.",
    "category": "Astronomy & calculated points",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: programming manual",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swephprg.htm"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Unconfirmed mathematical model",
      "note": "The Hamburg School uses prescribed hypothetical orbits to supply these chart points. Software can reproduce their positions, but that agreement does not constitute an astronomical detection or establish that the proposed planets physically exist.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: programming manual",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swephprg.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Modern school name with a descriptive qualifier.",
      "note": "Uranian identifies the Uranian astrological school; hypothetical marks its proposed points. The phrase does not describe a confirmed body orbiting Uranus.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: programming manual",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swephprg.htm"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "lunar-apogee",
    "term": "Lunar apogee",
    "aliases": [
      "apogee"
    ],
    "definition": "The farthest point of a lunar orbit from Earth; an apogee direction is a geometric point, not another moon.",
    "category": "Astronomy & calculated points",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "NASA: lunar perigee and apogee",
        "url": "https://science.nasa.gov/moon/supermoons/"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Orbital distance geometry",
      "note": "Lunar distance observations and orbital calculations identify farthest-distance points or events. A chart's apogee direction requires a stated model; it should not be confused with an additional object occupying that position.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "NASA: lunar perigee and apogee",
          "url": "https://science.nasa.gov/moon/supermoons/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin adjective and Greek-derived noun.",
      "note": "Lunar means of the Moon; apogee derives from Greek apo-, away, and ge, Earth. Together they name the Moon's farthest orbital point.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: lunar",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/lunar"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: apogee",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/apogee"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "local-mean-solar-time",
    "term": "Local mean solar time",
    "aliases": [
      "mean solar time"
    ],
    "definition": "A clock based on a uniformly moving mean Sun at the location’s longitude; it omits legal timezone and daylight-saving rules.",
    "category": "Time & location",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "US Naval Observatory: equation of time",
        "url": "https://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/eqtime"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Longitude-based clock convention",
      "note": "Longitude sets the offset of a uniform solar clock from Greenwich. This can reproduce a stated historical time basis, but it does not include legal timezone changes or daylight saving and must not be substituted silently for civil time.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "US Naval Observatory: equation of time",
          "url": "https://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/eqtime"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Descriptive astronomical phrase.",
      "note": "Local specifies one longitude, mean specifies an averaged Sun, and solar identifies the Sun as the time reference.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "US Naval Observatory: equation of time",
          "url": "https://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/eqtime"
        }
      ]
    },
    "related": [
      "local-apparent-solar-time",
      "bazi-shichen",
      "four-pillars"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "local-apparent-solar-time",
    "term": "Local apparent solar time",
    "aliases": [
      "true solar time",
      "apparent solar time"
    ],
    "definition": "Time reckoned from the actual Sun’s daily position, differing from mean solar time by the equation of time.",
    "category": "Time & location",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "US Naval Observatory: equation of time",
        "url": "https://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/eqtime"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Apparent solar clock",
      "note": "The Sun's actual apparent position determines this time scale. It differs seasonally from a uniform clock, so a conversion needs the equation of time as well as longitude rather than only a timezone offset.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "US Naval Observatory: equation of time",
          "url": "https://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/eqtime"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Descriptive astronomical phrase.",
      "note": "Local specifies the place and apparent refers to the observed-looking Sun. The wording distinguishes sundial-like time from a mean-Sun clock.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "US Naval Observatory: equation of time",
          "url": "https://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/eqtime"
        }
      ]
    },
    "related": [
      "local-mean-solar-time",
      "bazi-shichen",
      "four-pillars"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "equation-of-time",
    "term": "Equation of time",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "The difference between apparent and mean solar time; sign conventions differ, so a formula must specify which is subtracted.",
    "category": "Time & location",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "US Naval Observatory: equation of time",
        "url": "https://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/eqtime"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Astronomical time correction",
      "note": "Earth's orbital geometry produces a calculable difference between apparent and mean solar time. Sources may reverse the subtraction order; comparing numerical values requires checking the sign convention before applying the correction.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "US Naval Observatory: equation of time",
          "url": "https://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/eqtime"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Historical mathematical phrase.",
      "note": "Equation here uses the older astronomical sense of a correction or adjustment, not simply a statement that two expressions are equal.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: equation",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/equation"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "astrocartography",
    "term": "Astrocartography",
    "aliases": [
      "astro-cartography"
    ],
    "definition": "A map showing locations where selected bodies occupy chart angles at a specified instant; interpretation is a separate astrological step.",
    "category": "Location techniques",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Astrodienst: special and relocation charts",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/faq/fq_fh_owspez_e.htm"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Angular geometry with locational interpretation",
      "note": "At a fixed instant, spherical astronomy identifies where bodies are rising, setting or on a meridian. The map establishes those alignments; assigning success, conflict or belonging to a location adds an astrological interpretation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Astrodienst: special and relocation charts",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/faq/fq_fh_owspez_e.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Modern coined name using classical combining forms.",
      "note": "Astro- means star; cartography means mapmaking. Jim Lewis developed the distinctive name Astro*Carto*Graphy for his locational-map system.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Continuum: the Astro*Carto*Graphy name and Jim Lewis",
          "url": "https://continuumacg.net/trademark2.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: cartography",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cartography"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "relocated-chart",
    "term": "Relocated chart",
    "aliases": [
      "relocation chart"
    ],
    "definition": "A natal chart recalculated for another location while preserving the same birth instant; the local angles and houses change.",
    "category": "Location techniques",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Astrodienst: special and relocation charts",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/faq/fq_fh_owspez_e.htm"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Location-dependent chart reconstruction",
      "note": "Keeping the birth instant fixed while changing coordinates recalculates local geometry. Geocentric planetary longitudes remain the same; a different house placement supports the relocation method's symbolic reading, not a prediction that moving will produce a specific outcome.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Astrodienst: special and relocation charts",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/faq/fq_fh_owspez_e.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Transparent English participial phrase.",
      "note": "Relocated means placed at a new location. The name describes recomputing local chart geometry for another place while retaining the reference instant.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: relocate",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/relocate"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "local-space-astrology",
    "term": "Local-space astrology",
    "aliases": [
      "local space"
    ],
    "definition": "A locational method mapping the horizon directions of bodies from a chosen place, rather than only zodiac longitudes.",
    "category": "Location techniques",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Astrodienst: special and relocation charts",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/faq/fq_fh_owspez_e.htm"
      },
      {
        "title": "Astro Gold: Astro Locality Maps manual",
        "url": "https://www.astrogold.io/AG-MacOS-Help/astro_locality_maps.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Horizon geometry with symbolic mapping",
      "note": "A body's azimuth at a specified place and instant provides a direction projected onto a map. That direction depends on the observer and projection convention; it is not evidence of a physical influence traveling along the drawn route.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Astrodienst: special and relocation charts",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/faq/fq_fh_owspez_e.htm"
        },
        {
          "title": "Astro Gold: Astro Locality Maps manual",
          "url": "https://www.astrogold.io/AG-MacOS-Help/astro_locality_maps.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Modern descriptive English method name.",
      "note": "Michael Erlewine called his birthplace-centered map the astrology of local space. The wording emphasizes the surrounding horizon and directions.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Michael Erlewine: Local Space Astrology, Relocation",
          "url": "https://www.astrologysoftware.com/community/learn/articles/article_170.html"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "paran",
    "term": "Paran",
    "aliases": [
      "parans"
    ],
    "definition": "A locally timed relationship in which two bodies reach named horizon or meridian events together or within a declared tolerance; it is not a zodiacal longitude aspect or a map-line crossing.",
    "category": "Location techniques",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Deborah Houlding, Skyscript Glossary: Paran",
        "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/paran/"
      },
      {
        "title": "Zyntara: Paran request",
        "url": "https://zyntara.com/paran-request/"
      },
      {
        "title": "U.S. Naval Observatory: Rise, Set, and Twilight Definitions",
        "url": "https://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/RST_defs"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Simultaneous angular-event criterion",
      "note": "A topocentric geometric event search can reproduce declared horizon and meridian timestamps when location, time scale, ephemeris, body point, event kinds, and tolerance are retained. Traditional symbolic meaning is separately attributed; correct event arithmetic does not validate a personal claim. Geometric 0° horizon events with no refraction are not observations of visibility through weather, terrain, twilight, or atmospheric refraction.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Deborah Houlding, Skyscript Glossary: Paran",
          "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/paran/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Zyntara: Paran request",
          "url": "https://zyntara.com/paran-request/"
        },
        {
          "title": "U.S. Naval Observatory: Rise, Set, and Twilight Definitions",
          "url": "https://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/RST_defs"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Modern practitioner shortening of Greek-derived paranatellonta.",
      "note": "Skyscript glosses paranatellonta as “rising together.” This supports the word history and older co-rising idea. The claim that a modern paran may pair rise, upper transit, set, or lower transit is a practitioner convention, not an etymological consequence.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Deborah Houlding, Skyscript Glossary: Paran",
          "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/paran/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "related": [
      "meridian-transit",
      "local-horizon",
      "fixed-star",
      "astrocartography"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "fixed-star",
    "term": "Fixed star",
    "aliases": [
      "fixed stars"
    ],
    "definition": "A historical term distinguishing background stars from wandering planets; stars still have proper motion and changing apparent coordinates.",
    "category": "Catalogue & galactic terms",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "IAU: naming stars",
        "url": "https://iauarchive.eso.org/public/themes/naming_stars/"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Observed stellar position",
      "note": "Star catalogues record positions and motion relative to a specified epoch and frame. Fixed is a historical contrast with wandering planets, not zero motion; astrological contact claims require compatible coordinates and a declared angular tolerance.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "IAU: naming stars",
          "url": "https://iauarchive.eso.org/public/themes/naming_stars/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Historical descriptive English phrase.",
      "note": "Fixed distinguishes stars' relatively stable mutual patterns from the visibly wandering planets; it was not a claim that stars have zero motion.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: fixed star",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/fixed%20star"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "bayer-designation",
    "term": "Bayer designation",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "A star identifier using a Greek or Latin letter and constellation name, such as Alpha Tauri; it is not a spiritual ranking.",
    "category": "Catalogue & galactic terms",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "IAU: naming stars",
        "url": "https://iauarchive.eso.org/public/themes/naming_stars/"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Astronomical naming convention",
      "note": "Letters and constellation names identify catalogue objects, rather than a measured hierarchy of influence. The identifier should resolve to the intended star; a traditional constellation label does not make that star part of the matching zodiac sign.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "IAU: naming stars",
          "url": "https://iauarchive.eso.org/public/themes/naming_stars/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Eponym plus descriptive noun.",
      "note": "Named for Johann Bayer, whose Uranometria used Greek letters with constellation names. Designation means the assigned identifier.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "IAU: Naming Stars",
          "url": "https://iauarchive.eso.org/public/themes/naming_stars/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "galactic-center",
    "term": "Galactic Center",
    "aliases": [
      "Galactic Centre",
      "Sagittarius A*",
      "Sgr A*"
    ],
    "definition": "The central region of the Milky Way; this catalogue uses the direction of the compact radio source Sagittarius A*.",
    "category": "Catalogue & galactic terms",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: original object catalogue",
        "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/aloistr/swisseph/master/ephe/sefstars.txt"
      },
      {
        "title": "NASA: Galactic Center — Chandra, Hubble and Spitzer",
        "url": "https://science.nasa.gov/asset/webb/galactic-center-chandra-hubble-spitzer-compass-image/"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Observed region and reference direction",
      "note": "Astronomy identifies the Milky Way's central region, and this catalogue uses Sagittarius A* as a reference direction. The coordinate is a positional proxy for that region; spiritual meanings assigned to a chart contact are separate claims.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: original object catalogue",
          "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/aloistr/swisseph/master/ephe/sefstars.txt"
        },
        {
          "title": "NASA: Galactic Center — Chandra, Hubble and Spitzer",
          "url": "https://science.nasa.gov/asset/webb/galactic-center-chandra-hubble-spitzer-compass-image/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Greek-derived astronomical phrase.",
      "note": "Galactic comes from galaxy, ultimately Greek gala, milk, through the Milky Way's name; center specifies that galaxy's central region.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: galaxy",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/galaxy"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "great-attractor",
    "term": "Great Attractor",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "An extended concentration of matter associated with large-scale galaxy motions, represented in this catalogue by a selected reference direction.",
    "category": "Catalogue & galactic terms",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: original object catalogue",
        "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/aloistr/swisseph/master/ephe/sefstars.txt"
      },
      {
        "title": "NASA: Hubble Focuses on the Great Attractor",
        "url": "https://science.nasa.gov/missions/hubble/hubble-focuses-on-the-great-attractor/"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Large-scale astronomical structure",
      "note": "The name concerns a broad concentration of matter studied through galaxy motions. A catalogue point is a chosen representative direction, not the complete structure; a narrow astrological orb must not be mistaken for its physical extent.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: original object catalogue",
          "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/aloistr/swisseph/master/ephe/sefstars.txt"
        },
        {
          "title": "NASA: Hubble Focuses on the Great Attractor",
          "url": "https://science.nasa.gov/missions/hubble/hubble-focuses-on-the-great-attractor/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Modern descriptive astronomical name.",
      "note": "Attractor describes gravitationally inferred attraction and great its scale. The name is an observational label, not a mythological proper name.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: original object catalogue",
          "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/aloistr/swisseph/master/ephe/sefstars.txt"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "supergalactic-center",
    "term": "Supergalactic Center",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "A term used by some astrologers for an M87-centered reference; it is not a uniquely defined center of the entire universe.",
    "category": "Catalogue & galactic terms",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "NASA: Messier 87",
        "url": "https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/science/explore-the-night-sky/hubble-messier-catalog/messier-87/"
      },
      {
        "title": "Philip Sedgwick: galactic astrology references",
        "url": "https://philipsedgwick.com/Galactic/GalacticLinks.htm"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Astrological naming applied to astronomy",
      "note": "Some practitioners apply this label to an M87 reference, while astronomy describes M87 as a particular galaxy. The label does not establish a unique cosmic center, and a catalogue coordinate cannot validate meanings attached to that terminology.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "NASA: Messier 87",
          "url": "https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/science/explore-the-night-sky/hubble-messier-catalog/messier-87/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Philip Sedgwick: galactic astrology references",
          "url": "https://philipsedgwick.com/Galactic/GalacticLinks.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Modern classical-prefix compound.",
      "note": "Super- means above or beyond, attached to galactic. Center is used within a larger-than-galaxy framing; its referent depends on the author's convention.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: super-",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/super-"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: galaxy",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/galaxy"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "starseed",
    "term": "Starseed",
    "aliases": [
      "soul-origin overlay"
    ],
    "definition": "A modern spiritual idea of origins beyond Earth; a computed star contact cannot verify alien ancestry or a past life.",
    "category": "Catalogue & galactic terms",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Rebecca Campbell: Starseed, a practitioner belief account",
        "url": "https://www.rebeccacampbell.me/starseed/"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Modern spiritual belief",
      "note": "First-party practitioners describe this as a spiritual identity or origin narrative. Their accounts document the belief; a star's computed contact with a chart cannot establish extraterrestrial ancestry, a prior incarnation or the factual truth of that narrative.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Rebecca Campbell: Starseed, a practitioner belief account",
          "url": "https://www.rebeccacampbell.me/starseed/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Modern English spiritual compound.",
      "note": "Star plus seed combines celestial origin with a germ-of-life metaphor. The earliest coiner is not established here; it is contemporary spiritual vocabulary.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: star",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/star"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: seed",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/seed"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "dreamspell",
    "term": "Dreamspell",
    "aliases": [
      "Galactic Signature",
      "13 Moon calendar"
    ],
    "definition": "A modern spiritual calendar framework; its counting conventions are distinct from historical and living Maya calendars.",
    "category": "Modern & historical traditions",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Dreamspell practitioners: distinction from traditional Maya counting",
        "url": "https://www.13moon.com/not_the_mayan_calendar.htm"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Modern symbolic calendar framework",
      "note": "Its creators prescribe a distinct modern counting and interpretive system. Dates can be reproduced within those rules, but similarity in numbers or names does not make Dreamspell equivalent to historical or living Maya calendar practice.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Dreamspell practitioners: distinction from traditional Maya counting",
          "url": "https://www.13moon.com/not_the_mayan_calendar.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Modern coined English system title.",
      "note": "Dream plus spell evokes dream and enchantment. The Foundation for the Law of Time uses Dreamspell as the distinctive title of its calendar synthesis.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Foundation for the Law of Time: Dreamspell Genesis",
          "url": "https://lawoftime.org/timeshipearth/dreamspell.html"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "decan",
    "term": "Decan",
    "aliases": [
      "decans"
    ],
    "definition": "In a zodiacal astrological table, one of three ten-degree divisions of a sign, also called a face; Egyptian stellar decans are a historically distinct calendrical and observational concept.",
    "category": "Modern & historical traditions",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Metropolitan Museum: Senenmut astronomical ceiling",
        "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/544566"
      },
      {
        "title": "Lilly: Christian Astrology, annotated primary text",
        "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/CA.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Historically distinct division systems",
      "note": "A zodiacal decan is a reproducible ten-degree partition once a zodiac is named; Egyptian stellar decans arose in a different calendrical and observational setting. Shared terminology does not justify importing one system’s stars, dates, or meanings into the other without identifying the method.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Metropolitan Museum: Senenmut astronomical ceiling",
          "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/544566"
        },
        {
          "title": "Lilly: Christian Astrology, annotated primary text",
          "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/CA.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Late Latin numerical term.",
      "note": "Decanus meant a leader of ten. The astronomical and astrological label retains this association with ten.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: decan",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/decan"
        }
      ]
    },
    "related": [
      "essential-dignity",
      "bound",
      "astrological-face",
      "reception"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "provenance",
    "term": "Provenance",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "The recorded origin of a claim or result: source, method, version and relevant choices, allowing readers to trace it.",
    "category": "Research & interpretation",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "W3C: provenance overview",
        "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/prov-overview/"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Traceability of evidence and method",
      "note": "Recording sources, inputs and versions lets others reconstruct where a result came from. Good provenance exposes assumptions and disagreements; it does not make a cited statement correct or transform an interpretation into an established finding.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "W3C: provenance overview",
          "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/prov-overview/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "French borrowing with Latin roots.",
      "note": "From French provenir, to originate or come forth, from Latin provenire. The word names where a record or claim comes from.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: provenance",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/provenance"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "interpretation",
    "term": "Interpretation",
    "aliases": [
      "symbolic interpretation"
    ],
    "definition": "A tradition-specific reading of calculated facts. Accurate astronomical numbers do not by themselves validate a personality claim or prediction.",
    "category": "Research & interpretation",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Carlson: controlled test of natal astrology",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/318419a0"
      }
    ],
    "autoLink": false,
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Inference within a named tradition",
      "note": "A reading connects calculated positions to meanings through selected rules. Assessing those claims requires evidence suited to their scope; agreement on coordinates or a personally resonant description does not alone establish predictive accuracy.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Carlson: controlled test of natal astrology",
          "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/318419a0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin-derived English noun.",
      "note": "Related to Latin interpretari, to explain or translate. The term concerns explaining meaning, as distinct from merely reporting a value.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: interpret",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/interpret"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "sun",
    "term": "Sun",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "The star at the Solar System’s center. A geocentric chart records its apparent direction as seen from Earth.",
    "category": "Physical bodies",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "NASA: the Sun",
        "url": "https://science.nasa.gov/sun/"
      },
      {
        "title": "Astrology.com: Planets (first-party symbolic meanings)",
        "url": "https://www.astrology.com/planets"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Observed astronomical body",
      "note": "Solar observations and ephemerides support positions, motion and physical descriptions of the Sun. A geocentric longitude records its apparent direction from Earth; interpreting that longitude as personal identity or purpose is a separate symbolic use.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "NASA: the Sun",
          "url": "https://science.nasa.gov/sun/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Astrology.com: Planets (first-party symbolic meanings)",
          "url": "https://www.astrology.com/planets"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Inherited Germanic English name.",
      "note": "From Old English sunne, related to other Germanic Sun words. The familiar English name is not a borrowed Roman deity-name.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: sun",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sun"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "moon",
    "term": "Moon",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Earth’s natural satellite; its changing position relative to the Sun produces the familiar lunar phases.",
    "category": "Physical bodies",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "NASA: Earth’s Moon",
        "url": "https://science.nasa.gov/moon/"
      },
      {
        "title": "Astrology.com: Planets (first-party symbolic meanings)",
        "url": "https://www.astrology.com/planets"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Observed astronomical body",
      "note": "The Moon's orbit and phases can be checked against observation. Its chart position is therefore calculable, while inferring a person's emotional needs from that position requires evidence beyond the reality of lunar motion.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "NASA: Earth’s Moon",
          "url": "https://science.nasa.gov/moon/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Astrology.com: Planets (first-party symbolic meanings)",
          "url": "https://www.astrology.com/planets"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Inherited Germanic English name.",
      "note": "From Old English mōna, related to Germanic Moon words and the word family for month.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: moon",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/moon"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "planet",
    "term": "Planet",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "A physical Solar System body in the astronomical classification; astrological lists also include lights and calculated points.",
    "category": "Physical bodies",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "NASA: Solar System planets",
        "url": "https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/planets/"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Astronomical and traditional classifications",
      "note": "Astronomy classifies physical bodies using stated criteria, while astrology often uses planet as a broader working category. A list should identify which meaning it uses; a calculated node does not become a physical planet through inclusion in that list.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "NASA: Solar System planets",
          "url": "https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/planets/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Greek through Latin and French.",
      "note": "Greek planēs means wanderer. The name records the bodies' changing positions against the background stars.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: planet",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/planet"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "mercury",
    "term": "Mercury",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "The innermost Solar System planet. Its astronomical position and its traditional symbolic meanings are different kinds of information.",
    "category": "Physical bodies",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "NASA: Solar System planets",
        "url": "https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/planets/"
      },
      {
        "title": "Astrology.com: Planets (first-party symbolic meanings)",
        "url": "https://www.astrology.com/planets"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Observed body and symbolic association",
      "note": "Ephemerides describe the physical planet's apparent motion and changing solar separation. Its traditional association with thinking and communication is another layer of meaning; accurate Mercury coordinates do not measure a person's intellectual abilities.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "NASA: Solar System planets",
          "url": "https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/planets/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Astrology.com: Planets (first-party symbolic meanings)",
          "url": "https://www.astrology.com/planets"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Roman mythological name.",
      "note": "The planet bears the name of Mercury, the Roman deity associated with commerce and travel.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "NASA StarChild: How planets and moons get their names",
          "url": "https://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/questions/question48.html"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "venus",
    "term": "Venus",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "The second planet from the Sun, seen from Earth near the morning or evening Sun.",
    "category": "Physical bodies",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "NASA: Solar System planets",
        "url": "https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/planets/"
      },
      {
        "title": "Astrology.com: Planets (first-party symbolic meanings)",
        "url": "https://www.astrology.com/planets"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Observed body and symbolic association",
      "note": "Its orbit explains why Venus appears near the Sun in Earth's sky. Astrological associations with attraction and values do not follow from that geometry, and a Venus placement cannot establish another person's feelings.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "NASA: Solar System planets",
          "url": "https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/planets/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Astrology.com: Planets (first-party symbolic meanings)",
          "url": "https://www.astrology.com/planets"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Roman mythological name.",
      "note": "The planet is named for Venus, the Roman goddess of love and beauty.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "NASA: Venus facts, namesake",
          "url": "https://science.nasa.gov/venus/venus-facts/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "earth",
    "term": "Earth",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Our planet. A heliocentric Earth position is physical; Human Design’s Earth point is instead set opposite the geocentric Sun.",
    "category": "Physical bodies",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "NASA: Solar System planets",
        "url": "https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/planets/"
      },
      {
        "title": "Jovian Archive: Mandala and BodyGraph",
        "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/the-mandala-and-the-bodygraph-in-human-design"
      }
    ],
    "autoLink": false,
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Physical body and constructed chart point",
      "note": "A heliocentric calculation locates Earth relative to the Sun. Human Design instead defines an Earth point opposite its geocentric Sun position; that symbolic construction should not be mistaken for an independently observed Earth longitude in the same geocentric frame.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "NASA: Solar System planets",
          "url": "https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/planets/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: Mandala and BodyGraph",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/the-mandala-and-the-bodygraph-in-human-design"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Inherited Germanic English name.",
      "note": "Earth comes from the ordinary word for the ground, rather than a Greek or Roman deity-name.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "NASA: Earth facts, namesake",
          "url": "https://science.nasa.gov/earth/facts/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "mars",
    "term": "Mars",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "The fourth planet from the Sun, a rocky world whose apparent position is tracked in natal and transit charts.",
    "category": "Physical bodies",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "NASA: Solar System planets",
        "url": "https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/planets/"
      },
      {
        "title": "Astrology.com: Planets (first-party symbolic meanings)",
        "url": "https://www.astrology.com/planets"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Observed body and symbolic association",
      "note": "Mars has an observable position and motion independent of chart interpretation. Associating that position with drive or conflict is a traditional reading, not evidence that a person is aggressive or that a confrontation will occur.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "NASA: Solar System planets",
          "url": "https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/planets/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Astrology.com: Planets (first-party symbolic meanings)",
          "url": "https://www.astrology.com/planets"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Roman mythological name.",
      "note": "The planet bears the name of Mars, the Roman god of war.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "NASA StarChild: How planets and moons get their names",
          "url": "https://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/questions/question48.html"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "jupiter",
    "term": "Jupiter",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "The fifth planet from the Sun and the largest Solar System planet.",
    "category": "Physical bodies",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "NASA: Solar System planets",
        "url": "https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/planets/"
      },
      {
        "title": "Astrology.com: Planets (first-party symbolic meanings)",
        "url": "https://www.astrology.com/planets"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Observed body and symbolic association",
      "note": "Astronomical observations establish Jupiter's large mass, size and orbit. Its astrological association with growth or good fortune is not a deduction from those physical properties, and a favorable placement cannot guarantee a beneficial outcome.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "NASA: Solar System planets",
          "url": "https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/planets/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Astrology.com: Planets (first-party symbolic meanings)",
          "url": "https://www.astrology.com/planets"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Roman mythological name.",
      "note": "The planet bears the name of Jupiter, king of the Roman gods.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "NASA: Jupiter facts, namesake",
          "url": "https://science.nasa.gov/jupiter/jupiter-facts/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "saturn",
    "term": "Saturn",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "The sixth planet from the Sun, a gas giant surrounded by a prominent ring system.",
    "category": "Physical bodies",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "NASA: Solar System planets",
        "url": "https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/planets/"
      },
      {
        "title": "Astrology.com: Planets (first-party symbolic meanings)",
        "url": "https://www.astrology.com/planets"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Observed body and symbolic association",
      "note": "Saturn's orbit and ring system are observable features of a physical planet. Meanings involving limits or responsibility are traditional symbolism; a computed contact does not establish that hardship is necessary, deserved or inevitable.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "NASA: Solar System planets",
          "url": "https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/planets/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Astrology.com: Planets (first-party symbolic meanings)",
          "url": "https://www.astrology.com/planets"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Roman mythological name.",
      "note": "The planet bears the name of Saturn, the Roman agricultural deity.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "NASA StarChild: How planets and moons get their names",
          "url": "https://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/questions/question48.html"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "uranus",
    "term": "Uranus",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "The seventh planet from the Sun, an ice giant; distinguish it from hypothetical “Uranian” points.",
    "category": "Physical bodies",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "NASA: Solar System planets",
        "url": "https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/planets/"
      },
      {
        "title": "Astrology.com: Planets (first-party symbolic meanings)",
        "url": "https://www.astrology.com/planets"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Observed body and symbolic association",
      "note": "Uranus is an observed physical planet with a calculable orbit. Modern astrological themes such as disruption are interpretive associations; the planet's reality also supplies no evidence for the separate hypothetical points called Uranian.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "NASA: Solar System planets",
          "url": "https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/planets/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Astrology.com: Planets (first-party symbolic meanings)",
          "url": "https://www.astrology.com/planets"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Greek mythological name in Latinized form.",
      "note": "Uranus represents Ouranos, the Greek deity of the heavens; the modern planet-name continues mythological naming.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "NASA StarChild: How planets and moons get their names",
          "url": "https://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/questions/question48.html"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "neptune",
    "term": "Neptune",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "The eighth planet from the Sun, an ice giant with a slow apparent passage through the zodiac.",
    "category": "Physical bodies",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "NASA: Solar System planets",
        "url": "https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/planets/"
      },
      {
        "title": "Astrology.com: Planets (first-party symbolic meanings)",
        "url": "https://www.astrology.com/planets"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Observed body and symbolic association",
      "note": "Neptune's distant orbit gives it slow apparent zodiacal motion shared by many birth cohorts. Interpretations involving imagination or uncertainty come from modern astrology; a placement alone cannot establish an individual's psychological state.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "NASA: Solar System planets",
          "url": "https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/planets/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Astrology.com: Planets (first-party symbolic meanings)",
          "url": "https://www.astrology.com/planets"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Roman mythological name.",
      "note": "The planet is named for Neptune, the Roman sea god.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "NASA StarChild: How planets and moons get their names",
          "url": "https://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/questions/question48.html"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "pluto",
    "term": "Pluto",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "A dwarf planet beyond Neptune. Its astronomical reclassification does not change the coordinate calculations used in astrology.",
    "category": "Physical bodies",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "NASA: Solar System planets",
        "url": "https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/planets/"
      },
      {
        "title": "Astrology.com: Planets (first-party symbolic meanings)",
        "url": "https://www.astrology.com/planets"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Observed body and symbolic association",
      "note": "Observations support Pluto's position despite changes in its astronomical classification. Its symbolic use can continue under a stated tradition, but themes of power or transformation are not demonstrated by its designation as a dwarf planet.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "NASA: Solar System planets",
          "url": "https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/planets/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Astrology.com: Planets (first-party symbolic meanings)",
          "url": "https://www.astrology.com/planets"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Classical mythological name.",
      "note": "Pluto names the underworld deity; the dwarf planet retains this mythological naming tradition.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "NASA StarChild: How planets and moons get their names",
          "url": "https://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/questions/question48.html"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "aries",
    "term": "Aries",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "The zodiac sign spanning 0° up to 30° from the selected zodiac’s origin; constellation boundaries differ.",
    "category": "Zodiac signs",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Deborah Houlding: absolute zodiac longitude",
        "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/absolute-longitude/"
      },
      {
        "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.4–24, Robbins translation",
        "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Astrodienst: The four Elements and the Signs (practitioner account)",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/astrologie/in_elements_e.htm?lang=e&pa=nmo"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Zodiac convention with traditional symbolism",
      "note": "The selected zodiac begins with Aries; in the tropical system its origin is the March equinox. Its cardinal-fire classification belongs to traditional interpretation, rather than demonstrating initiative or a fiery temperament in everyone assigned this sign.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Deborah Houlding: absolute zodiac longitude",
          "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/absolute-longitude/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.4–24, Robbins translation",
          "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Astrodienst: The four Elements and the Signs (practitioner account)",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/astrologie/in_elements_e.htm?lang=e&pa=nmo"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin constellation and sign name.",
      "note": "Aries means ram; the zodiac sign retains that animal-name.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "IAU: The Constellations",
          "url": "https://iauarchive.eso.org/public/themes/constellations/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "taurus",
    "term": "Taurus",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "The zodiac sign spanning 30° up to 60° from the selected zodiac’s origin; constellation boundaries differ.",
    "category": "Zodiac signs",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Deborah Houlding: absolute zodiac longitude",
        "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/absolute-longitude/"
      },
      {
        "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.4–24, Robbins translation",
        "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Astrodienst: The four Elements and the Signs (practitioner account)",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/astrologie/in_elements_e.htm?lang=e&pa=nmo"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Zodiac convention with traditional symbolism",
      "note": "Taurus occupies the second equal sector and is traditionally classed as fixed earth. The assignment can be checked from longitude, while descriptions of stability or material preference are interpretive themes rather than measured properties of a Taurus placement.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Deborah Houlding: absolute zodiac longitude",
          "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/absolute-longitude/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.4–24, Robbins translation",
          "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Astrodienst: The four Elements and the Signs (practitioner account)",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/astrologie/in_elements_e.htm?lang=e&pa=nmo"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin constellation and sign name.",
      "note": "Taurus means bull; the zodiac sign retains that animal-name.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "IAU: The Constellations",
          "url": "https://iauarchive.eso.org/public/themes/constellations/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "gemini",
    "term": "Gemini",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "The zodiac sign spanning 60° up to 90° from the selected zodiac’s origin; constellation boundaries differ.",
    "category": "Zodiac signs",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Deborah Houlding: absolute zodiac longitude",
        "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/absolute-longitude/"
      },
      {
        "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.4–24, Robbins translation",
        "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Astrodienst: The four Elements and the Signs (practitioner account)",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/astrologie/in_elements_e.htm?lang=e&pa=nmo"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Zodiac convention with traditional symbolism",
      "note": "Gemini is the third equal sector, traditionally mutable air. Those classifications organize the symbolic system; they do not establish dual personality, communication skill or another individual trait merely from a planet's presence in the sector.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Deborah Houlding: absolute zodiac longitude",
          "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/absolute-longitude/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.4–24, Robbins translation",
          "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Astrodienst: The four Elements and the Signs (practitioner account)",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/astrologie/in_elements_e.htm?lang=e&pa=nmo"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin constellation and sign name.",
      "note": "Gemini means twins, the paired figures behind the sign's name.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "IAU: The Constellations",
          "url": "https://iauarchive.eso.org/public/themes/constellations/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "cancer",
    "term": "Cancer",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "The zodiac sign spanning 90° up to 120° from the selected zodiac’s origin; constellation boundaries differ.",
    "category": "Zodiac signs",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Deborah Houlding: absolute zodiac longitude",
        "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/absolute-longitude/"
      },
      {
        "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.4–24, Robbins translation",
        "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Astrodienst: The four Elements and the Signs (practitioner account)",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/astrologie/in_elements_e.htm?lang=e&pa=nmo"
      }
    ],
    "autoLink": false,
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Zodiac convention with traditional symbolism",
      "note": "Tropical Cancer begins at the June solstice, a geometric marker shared across hemispheres despite opposite seasons. Its cardinal-water classification and associated personal themes are traditional meanings, not direct deductions from that seasonal event.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Deborah Houlding: absolute zodiac longitude",
          "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/absolute-longitude/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.4–24, Robbins translation",
          "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Astrodienst: The four Elements and the Signs (practitioner account)",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/astrologie/in_elements_e.htm?lang=e&pa=nmo"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin constellation and sign name.",
      "note": "Cancer means crab; this zodiacal use is the animal-name.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "IAU: The Constellations",
          "url": "https://iauarchive.eso.org/public/themes/constellations/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "leo",
    "term": "Leo",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "The zodiac sign spanning 120° up to 150° from the selected zodiac’s origin; constellation boundaries differ.",
    "category": "Zodiac signs",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Deborah Houlding: absolute zodiac longitude",
        "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/absolute-longitude/"
      },
      {
        "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.4–24, Robbins translation",
        "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Astrodienst: The four Elements and the Signs (practitioner account)",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/astrologie/in_elements_e.htm?lang=e&pa=nmo"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Zodiac convention with traditional symbolism",
      "note": "Leo is the fifth equal sector and is traditionally fixed fire. The sign uses a defined longitude interval rather than a boundary traced around the Lion constellation; interpretations of confidence or visibility require a separate evidential step.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Deborah Houlding: absolute zodiac longitude",
          "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/absolute-longitude/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.4–24, Robbins translation",
          "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Astrodienst: The four Elements and the Signs (practitioner account)",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/astrologie/in_elements_e.htm?lang=e&pa=nmo"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin constellation and sign name.",
      "note": "Leo means lion; the sign retains the constellation's animal-name.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "IAU: The Constellations",
          "url": "https://iauarchive.eso.org/public/themes/constellations/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "virgo",
    "term": "Virgo",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "The zodiac sign spanning 150° up to 180° from the selected zodiac’s origin; constellation boundaries differ.",
    "category": "Zodiac signs",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Deborah Houlding: absolute zodiac longitude",
        "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/absolute-longitude/"
      },
      {
        "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.4–24, Robbins translation",
        "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Astrodienst: The four Elements and the Signs (practitioner account)",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/astrologie/in_elements_e.htm?lang=e&pa=nmo"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Zodiac convention with traditional symbolism",
      "note": "Virgo occupies the sixth equal sector and is traditionally mutable earth. A sign assignment describes position within the selected zodiac, not a tested measure of orderliness, analytical ability or a person's relationship to work.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Deborah Houlding: absolute zodiac longitude",
          "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/absolute-longitude/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.4–24, Robbins translation",
          "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Astrodienst: The four Elements and the Signs (practitioner account)",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/astrologie/in_elements_e.htm?lang=e&pa=nmo"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin constellation and sign name.",
      "note": "Virgo means maiden or virgin, naming the depicted human figure.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "IAU: The Constellations",
          "url": "https://iauarchive.eso.org/public/themes/constellations/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "libra",
    "term": "Libra",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "The zodiac sign spanning 180° up to 210° from the selected zodiac’s origin; constellation boundaries differ.",
    "category": "Zodiac signs",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Deborah Houlding: absolute zodiac longitude",
        "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/absolute-longitude/"
      },
      {
        "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.4–24, Robbins translation",
        "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Astrodienst: The four Elements and the Signs (practitioner account)",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/astrologie/in_elements_e.htm?lang=e&pa=nmo"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Zodiac convention with traditional symbolism",
      "note": "Tropical Libra begins at the September equinox and is traditionally cardinal air. The equinox fixes an astronomical reference; the scales imagery and readings about balance or partnership do not themselves provide evidence about a person's relationships.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Deborah Houlding: absolute zodiac longitude",
          "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/absolute-longitude/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.4–24, Robbins translation",
          "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Astrodienst: The four Elements and the Signs (practitioner account)",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/astrologie/in_elements_e.htm?lang=e&pa=nmo"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin constellation and sign name.",
      "note": "Libra names a balance or weighing scales, the figure retained by the sign.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "IAU: The Constellations",
          "url": "https://iauarchive.eso.org/public/themes/constellations/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "scorpio",
    "term": "Scorpio",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "The zodiac sign spanning 210° up to 240° from the selected zodiac’s origin; constellation boundaries differ.",
    "category": "Zodiac signs",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Deborah Houlding: absolute zodiac longitude",
        "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/absolute-longitude/"
      },
      {
        "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.4–24, Robbins translation",
        "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Astrodienst: The four Elements and the Signs (practitioner account)",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/astrologie/in_elements_e.htm?lang=e&pa=nmo"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Zodiac convention with traditional symbolism",
      "note": "Scorpio occupies the eighth equal sector and is traditionally fixed water. These inherited categories structure a reading, but neither its animal imagery nor a calculated placement establishes secrecy, intensity or a hidden motive in an individual.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Deborah Houlding: absolute zodiac longitude",
          "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/absolute-longitude/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.4–24, Robbins translation",
          "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Astrodienst: The four Elements and the Signs (practitioner account)",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/astrologie/in_elements_e.htm?lang=e&pa=nmo"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin constellation and sign name.",
      "note": "Scorpio means scorpion. Scorpius is the IAU constellation form.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "IAU: The Constellations",
          "url": "https://iauarchive.eso.org/public/themes/constellations/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "sagittarius",
    "term": "Sagittarius",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "The zodiac sign spanning 240° up to 270° from the selected zodiac’s origin; constellation boundaries differ.",
    "category": "Zodiac signs",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Deborah Houlding: absolute zodiac longitude",
        "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/absolute-longitude/"
      },
      {
        "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.4–24, Robbins translation",
        "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Astrodienst: The four Elements and the Signs (practitioner account)",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/astrologie/in_elements_e.htm?lang=e&pa=nmo"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Zodiac convention with traditional symbolism",
      "note": "Sagittarius is the ninth equal sector and is traditionally mutable fire. Its symbol and classification supply a cultural vocabulary; they do not demonstrate that people with this placement share a need to travel or a particular philosophy.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Deborah Houlding: absolute zodiac longitude",
          "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/absolute-longitude/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.4–24, Robbins translation",
          "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Astrodienst: The four Elements and the Signs (practitioner account)",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/astrologie/in_elements_e.htm?lang=e&pa=nmo"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin constellation and sign name.",
      "note": "Sagittarius means archer, from the Latin word family for arrows.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "IAU: The Constellations",
          "url": "https://iauarchive.eso.org/public/themes/constellations/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "capricorn",
    "term": "Capricorn",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "The zodiac sign spanning 270° up to 300° from the selected zodiac’s origin; constellation boundaries differ.",
    "category": "Zodiac signs",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Deborah Houlding: absolute zodiac longitude",
        "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/absolute-longitude/"
      },
      {
        "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.4–24, Robbins translation",
        "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Astrodienst: The four Elements and the Signs (practitioner account)",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/astrologie/in_elements_e.htm?lang=e&pa=nmo"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Zodiac convention with traditional symbolism",
      "note": "Tropical Capricorn begins at the December solstice and is traditionally cardinal earth. The boundary is calculable, while associations with ambition or discipline are interpretive and do not follow from the Sun's seasonal turning point.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Deborah Houlding: absolute zodiac longitude",
          "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/absolute-longitude/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.4–24, Robbins translation",
          "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Astrodienst: The four Elements and the Signs (practitioner account)",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/astrologie/in_elements_e.htm?lang=e&pa=nmo"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin-derived constellation and sign name.",
      "note": "Capricorn comes from Capricornus, goat-horned; the traditional figure is a sea-goat.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "IAU: The Constellations",
          "url": "https://iauarchive.eso.org/public/themes/constellations/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "aquarius",
    "term": "Aquarius",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "The zodiac sign spanning 300° up to 330° from the selected zodiac’s origin; constellation boundaries differ.",
    "category": "Zodiac signs",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Deborah Houlding: absolute zodiac longitude",
        "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/absolute-longitude/"
      },
      {
        "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.4–24, Robbins translation",
        "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Astrodienst: The four Elements and the Signs (practitioner account)",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/astrologie/in_elements_e.htm?lang=e&pa=nmo"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Zodiac convention with traditional symbolism",
      "note": "Aquarius occupies the eleventh equal sector and is traditionally fixed air, despite its water-bearer imagery. That classification is symbolic; it does not establish a person's originality or locate the separate and disputed boundaries of an astrological age.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Deborah Houlding: absolute zodiac longitude",
          "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/absolute-longitude/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.4–24, Robbins translation",
          "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Astrodienst: The four Elements and the Signs (practitioner account)",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/astrologie/in_elements_e.htm?lang=e&pa=nmo"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin constellation and sign name.",
      "note": "Aquarius means water-carrier or water-bearer, naming the depicted figure.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "IAU: The Constellations",
          "url": "https://iauarchive.eso.org/public/themes/constellations/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "pisces",
    "term": "Pisces",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "The zodiac sign spanning 330° up to 360° from the selected zodiac’s origin; constellation boundaries differ.",
    "category": "Zodiac signs",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Deborah Houlding: absolute zodiac longitude",
        "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/absolute-longitude/"
      },
      {
        "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.4–24, Robbins translation",
        "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Astrodienst: The four Elements and the Signs (practitioner account)",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/astrologie/in_elements_e.htm?lang=e&pa=nmo"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Zodiac convention with traditional symbolism",
      "note": "Pisces is the final equal sector, traditionally mutable water, ending where longitude wraps back to zero. The symbolic fish and assigned qualities do not provide a psychological assessment of sensitivity, imagination or susceptibility.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Deborah Houlding: absolute zodiac longitude",
          "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/absolute-longitude/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.4–24, Robbins translation",
          "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Astrodienst: The four Elements and the Signs (practitioner account)",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/astrologie/in_elements_e.htm?lang=e&pa=nmo"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin constellation and sign name.",
      "note": "Pisces means fishes; it is a plural Latin animal-name.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "IAU: The Constellations",
          "url": "https://iauarchive.eso.org/public/themes/constellations/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "angular-line",
    "term": "Angular line",
    "aliases": [
      "planetary angularity line"
    ],
    "definition": "An astrocartography line marking locations where a selected planet rises, sets, culminates or reaches lower culmination at the reference instant.",
    "category": "Maps & directions",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "AstroClick Travel",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/cgi/aclch.cgi?btyp=acm&lang=e"
      },
      {
        "title": "Astro Gold: Astro Locality Maps manual",
        "url": "https://www.astrogold.io/AG-MacOS-Help/astro_locality_maps.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Locus of an astronomical condition",
      "note": "Each line joins locations satisfying one specified angular condition at a fixed instant. Rising and setting calculations depend on the adopted horizon model; line proximity is a geometric relationship, not a measured dose of planetary influence.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "AstroClick Travel",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/cgi/aclch.cgi?btyp=acm&lang=e"
        },
        {
          "title": "Astro Gold: Astro Locality Maps manual",
          "url": "https://www.astrogold.io/AG-MacOS-Help/astro_locality_maps.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Descriptive mapmaking phrase.",
      "note": "Angular refers to chart angles; line names the plotted locus where a body meets a specified angular condition.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "AstroClick Travel",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/cgi/aclch.cgi?btyp=acm&lang=e"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "great-circle",
    "term": "Great circle",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "A circle dividing a sphere into equal halves; spherical local-space maps extend a planetary direction along such a path.",
    "category": "Maps & directions",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Erlewine",
        "url": "https://astrologysoftware.com/community/learn/articles/article_50.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Spherical geometry",
      "note": "On a sphere, a great circle follows a plane through the center and can extend a chosen local direction. Antipodal points leave the route ambiguous without a bearing; the model also approximates Earth's actual ellipsoidal surface.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Erlewine",
          "url": "https://astrologysoftware.com/community/learn/articles/article_50.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Traditional descriptive geometric phrase.",
      "note": "Great identifies the largest circle cut from a sphere: its plane passes through the sphere's center.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: great circle",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/great%20circle"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "querent",
    "term": "Querent",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "The person asking a horary question, usually represented by the first house and its ruler.",
    "category": "Horary & traditional technique",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Lilly's considerations",
        "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/considerations.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Horary role assignment",
      "note": "The question establishes who the querent is, and a traditional rule usually assigns the first house and its ruler. That role depends on the consultation context; it should not be inferred from an unrelated saved birth profile.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Lilly's considerations",
          "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/considerations.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin participle adapted as an English noun.",
      "note": "From quaerens, asking or seeking. The word names the person who asks the horary question.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: querent",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/querent"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "quesited",
    "term": "Quesited",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "The person, object or matter asked about; its relevant house helps determine its significator.",
    "category": "Horary & traditional technique",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Significator reference",
        "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/significator/"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Contextual house assignment",
      "note": "The matter being asked about determines its relevant house under the adopted horary rules. Different interpretations of the question can change the assignment, so the chosen topic and reasoning should be explicit before judging the planets.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Significator reference",
          "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/significator/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin participle adapted into English.",
      "note": "From quaesitus, sought or asked for, plus English -ed. It names the subject being inquired about.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: quesited",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/quesited"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "significator",
    "term": "Significator",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "A planet assigned to represent a person or matter in an astrological judgement; the assignment depends on context and method.",
    "category": "Horary & traditional technique",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Significator reference",
        "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/significator/"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Declared representational rule",
      "note": "A planet stands for a person or matter because the method assigns it that role. The same planet can signify different things in different questions; its identity alone is insufficient evidence for a personal claim.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Significator reference",
          "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/significator/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Late Latin agent noun.",
      "note": "Significator means one that signifies or indicates, from the significare word family. A chart factor is assigned that representative role.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: significator",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/significator"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "essential-dignity",
    "term": "Essential dignity",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "A planet’s traditional condition by zodiacal position, assessed with a named table of domicile, exaltation, triplicity, bounds (terms), and faces and, where applicable, its day/night rule.",
    "category": "Horary & traditional technique",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Solar Fire documentation",
        "url": "https://www.alabe.com/solarfireV9.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "William Lilly: Christian Astrology (1647), original text, pp. 101–112",
        "url": "https://archive.org/stream/b30338724/b30338724_djvu.txt"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Historical evaluative convention",
      "note": "Specified tables assign dignity from zodiacal position. Alternative tables can produce different scores, so the source matters; these scores describe traditional suitability or standing, not measured force, moral worth or a person's intrinsic value.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Solar Fire documentation",
          "url": "https://www.alabe.com/solarfireV9.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin-derived technical phrase.",
      "note": "Dignity comes from dignitas, worth or rank; essential identifies status inherent to a body's zodiacal placement.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: dignity",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/dignity"
        }
      ]
    },
    "related": [
      "bound",
      "astrological-face",
      "reception"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "accidental-dignity",
    "term": "Accidental dignity",
    "aliases": [
      "accidental fortitude"
    ],
    "definition": "A planet's traditional condition from chart circumstances—such as house category, motion, and solar proximity—rather than its essential zodiacal dignities. The relevant circumstances and their treatment must be named by the method.",
    "category": "Horary & traditional technique",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Lilly's considerations",
        "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/considerations.pdf"
      },
      {
        "title": "William Lilly: Christian Astrology, original p.115 · accidental fortitudes",
        "url": "https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b30338724_0149.jp2/full/1800,/0/default.jpg"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Context-dependent traditional evaluation",
      "note": "House membership, apparent motion, and stated solar separation can be calculated from declared chart conventions. Lilly-style judgments attach traditional testimony to selected circumstances, but no single score, priority order, or automatic yes/no verdict follows from these labels. Essential dignity concerns a planet's zodiacal placement; accidental dignity concerns the circumstances of this chart.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Lilly's considerations",
          "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/considerations.pdf"
        },
        {
          "title": "William Lilly: Christian Astrology, original p.115 · accidental fortitudes",
          "url": "https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b30338724_0149.jp2/full/1800,/0/default.jpg"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin-derived technical phrase.",
      "note": "Accidental means circumstantial rather than inherent here; dignity names rank or standing. The phrase concerns chart conditions beyond essential zodiacal status.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: accidental",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/accidental"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: dignity",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/dignity"
        }
      ]
    },
    "related": [
      "house-condition",
      "retrograde",
      "cazimi",
      "combustion",
      "under-the-beams"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "reception",
    "term": "Reception",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "A traditional relationship in which a planet occupies another planet's dignity; state who receives whom and whether the method additionally requires an aspect.",
    "category": "Horary & traditional technique",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Reception reference",
        "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/reception/"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Directional traditional relationship",
      "note": "The dignity holder receives the occupying planet under the selected rule. Mutual reception requires both directions; whether an aspect is additionally required, and how it contributes to perfection of a matter, are separate method questions. A positional hosting label alone cannot establish cooperation, contact, or completion.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Reception reference",
          "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/reception/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin through French.",
      "note": "From receptio, a receiving. Astrology applies the receiving or hosting metaphor to a planet in another planet's dignity.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: reception",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/reception"
        }
      ]
    },
    "related": [
      "essential-dignity",
      "bound",
      "astrological-face"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "perfection",
    "term": "Perfection",
    "aliases": [
      "perfecting an aspect"
    ],
    "definition": "Exact completion of an aspect; in horary judgement, also the inferred fulfilment of the matter through specified testimonies. Distinguish the two uses.",
    "category": "Horary & traditional technique",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Lilly on collection",
        "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/collection/"
      }
    ],
    "autoLink": false,
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Geometric event and horary judgment",
      "note": "An exact aspect is a calculable event, whereas fulfillment of a question is an interpretive conclusion. Applying motion must be followed through intervening changes; present proximity alone establishes neither future exactness nor the real-world outcome.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Lilly on collection",
          "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/collection/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin through French.",
      "note": "From perfectio, completion. Horary uses the completion sense for a contact or arrangement bringing the judgment to fulfillment.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: perfection",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/perfection"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "translation-of-light",
    "term": "Translation of light",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "A faster planet separates from one significator and applies to another, creating a connection whose interpretation depends on the selected traditional conditions.",
    "category": "Horary & traditional technique",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Lilly on translation",
        "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/translation/"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Traditional sequence of aspects",
      "note": "The proposed link requires a faster planet to separate from one contact and apply to another under the adopted conditions. A static pair of aspects is insufficient; even a qualifying sequence supplies traditional testimony rather than proof of mediation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Lilly on translation",
          "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/translation/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Historical phrase using a carrying metaphor.",
      "note": "Translation derives from transferre, carry across. A planet figuratively carries light or testimony from one significator to another.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: translate",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/translate"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "collection-of-light",
    "term": "Collection of light",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Two significators apply to a third planet; in Lilly's description, the heavier collecting planet and reception conditions can connect their affairs.",
    "category": "Horary & traditional technique",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Lilly on collection",
        "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/collection/"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Traditional convergence of aspects",
      "note": "Two significators must apply to a collecting planet under the chosen rules, including any speed and reception conditions. Shared contacts in a chart are not enough to establish collection, and the pattern cannot prove that a third party will help.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Lilly on collection",
          "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/collection/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Historical phrase using a gathering metaphor.",
      "note": "Collection comes from colligere, gather together. The phrase describes a planet gathering the light or testimony of other significators.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: collection",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/collection"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "harmonic-orb",
    "term": "Harmonic orb",
    "aliases": [
      "transformed orb"
    ],
    "definition": "Angular deviation measured in the harmonic chart; near the selected exact aspect, divide by h to recover the corresponding natal deviation.",
    "category": "Harmonics & patterns",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Harmonic Highlights orb table",
        "url": "https://www.astrosoftware.com/cpnew/software/kepler/pdf/harmonichighlights.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Scaled angular tolerance",
      "note": "Multiplication by the harmonic number scales a nearby natal deviation, so transformed orb divided by that number gives the local natal equivalent. Comparisons require declaring which space supplies the tolerance; a larger search can otherwise create misleadingly numerous matches.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Harmonic Highlights orb table",
          "url": "https://www.astrosoftware.com/cpnew/software/kepler/pdf/harmonichighlights.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Modern mathematical and astrological compound.",
      "note": "Harmonic identifies the transformed circle; orb retains the surrounding-circle or allowable-range sense. The phrase specifies tolerance in that harmonic frame.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: harmony",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/harmony"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: orb",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/orb"
        }
      ]
    },
    "related": [
      "harmonic-chart",
      "reduced-harmonic-order",
      "harmonic-triangle",
      "harmonic-pattern-prominence"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "harmonic-triangle",
    "term": "Harmonic triangle",
    "aliases": [
      "harmonic three-planet pattern"
    ],
    "definition": "Cochrane uses this for three planets mutually aspected in one harmonic. In Atlas's selected graph, it means a three-node clique: each of the three pair edges passes the declared factor and orb test.",
    "category": "Harmonics & patterns",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "David Cochrane, The First 32 Harmonics · printed p. 25 / PDF physical p. 31",
        "url": "https://www.astrosoftware.com/harmonicfirst32.pdf#page=31"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Declared angular-threshold graph; source-specific reading",
      "note": "The clique is reproducible geometry. Cochrane records symmetry as variable; interpretation remains qualitative.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "David Cochrane, The First 32 Harmonics · printed p. 25 / PDF physical p. 31",
          "url": "https://www.astrosoftware.com/harmonicfirst32.pdf#page=31"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Middle English through Anglo-French, from Latin triangulum, neuter of triangulus ('triangular'), from tri- plus angulus ('angle').",
      "note": "Harmonic modifies this geometric word to name a pattern in a selected transformed circle.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: triangle",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/triangle"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: harmonic",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/harmonic"
        }
      ]
    },
    "related": [
      "harmonic-chart",
      "harmonic-orb",
      "lowest-harmonic",
      "harmonic-pattern-prominence",
      "aspect",
      "orb",
      "midpoint"
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 6
  },
  {
    "id": "lowest-harmonic",
    "term": "Lowest harmonic",
    "aliases": [
      "lowest harmonic only"
    ],
    "definition": "A search rule that retains the smallest matching harmonic for a planetary combination, reducing listings of related higher harmonics.",
    "category": "Harmonics & patterns",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Kepler research documentation",
        "url": "https://www.astrosoftware.com/cpnew/m/software/kepler/research.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Pattern-search convention",
      "note": "The smallest qualifying harmonic is selected within the declared search range and pattern definition. This reduces related duplicates, but it is not an absolute property without those settings and does not make the retained pattern more evidentially meaningful.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Kepler research documentation",
          "url": "https://www.astrosoftware.com/cpnew/m/software/kepler/research.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Descriptive numerical phrase.",
      "note": "Lowest identifies the smallest harmonic number meeting the chosen rule. It describes an ordering of integer transforms, not an older named doctrine.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: harmonic",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/harmonic"
        }
      ]
    },
    "related": [
      "harmonic-chart",
      "reduced-harmonic-order",
      "harmonic-triangle",
      "harmonic-pattern-prominence"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "midpoint-structure",
    "term": "Midpoint structure",
    "aliases": [
      "planetary midpoint structure"
    ],
    "definition": "A planet's specified angular relationship to the midpoint of two others; report the midpoint convention, aspect and orb.",
    "category": "Harmonics & patterns",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Kepler research documentation",
        "url": "https://www.astrosoftware.com/cpnew/m/software/kepler/research.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Constructed angular relationship",
      "note": "A declared midpoint branch and contact rule determine whether the third position qualifies. The result can be reproduced geometrically; it is not a physical three-body alignment, and antipodal endpoints require an explicit branch convention.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Kepler research documentation",
          "url": "https://www.astrosoftware.com/cpnew/m/software/kepler/research.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Descriptive modern technique label.",
      "note": "Midpoint is the halfway point; structure names an arrangement of bodies around that relationship. The compound labels the whole configuration.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: midpoint",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/midpoint"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: structure",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/structure"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "astrology",
    "term": "Astrology",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "A family of historical and contemporary practices that interprets celestial positions, cycles or calendar patterns in relation to earthly affairs and human experience. Traditions differ in their calculations, symbolism and claims.",
    "category": "Research & interpretation",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.1–3, Robbins translation",
        "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1a%2A.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Shawn Carlson: A double-blind test of astrology, Nature (1985)",
        "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/318419a0"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Historical practice and testable claims",
      "note": "Historical texts establish what astrologers taught; they do not establish that its predictions work. Astronomical positions can be checked independently, while claims about personality or future events require tests that separate prediction from chance and hindsight.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.1–3, Robbins translation",
          "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1a%2A.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Shawn Carlson: A double-blind test of astrology, Nature (1985)",
          "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/318419a0"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Greek through Latin and French.",
      "note": "Greek astrologia joins astro-, star, with -logia, discourse or study. The word's historical scope overlapped with astronomy.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: astrology",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/astrology"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "epistemology",
    "term": "Epistemology",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "The philosophical study of knowledge, justification and the limits of evidence. Here, a term’s epistemology explains how its claims are supported; etymology instead concerns the origin and history of a word.",
    "category": "Research & interpretation",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Epistemology",
        "url": "https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/epistemology/"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Philosophical inquiry",
      "note": "Epistemology examines knowledge, justification and the limits of evidence through argument and analysis. Philosophers disagree about its answers; here, an epistemology note identifies the basis of a claim and what that basis does or does not establish.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Epistemology",
          "url": "https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/epistemology/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Modern scholarly coinage from Greek components.",
      "note": "Epistēmē means knowledge or understanding; -logy marks an account or study. The name designates inquiry into knowledge.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: epistemology",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/epistemology"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-foundations",
    "term": "Foundations & evidence",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Learn the coordinates, calendars, chart conventions and kinds of evidence used across the atlas. These are shared reading foundations, not a theory of common historical descent.",
    "category": "Wiki branches",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Editorial subject classification",
      "note": "“Foundations & evidence” is a browsing category chosen for this atlas. Its child entries share a topic or practical connection. This grouping is not evidence that all of them descend from one historical lineage; transmission claims require separate sources.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "W3C: SKOS Reference",
          "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "W3C: SKOS Reference",
        "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Editorial English navigation title.",
      "note": "Foundations uses the building-base metaphor for prerequisites; evidence names what supports an account. The combined heading was chosen to organize the atlas.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: foundation",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/foundation"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: evidence",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/evidence"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-sky-coordinates",
    "term": "Sky, bodies & coordinates",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Physical objects, celestial reference frames and the distinction between observation and interpretation.",
    "category": "Wiki branches",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Editorial subject classification",
      "note": "“Sky, bodies & coordinates” is a browsing category chosen for this atlas. Its child entries share a topic or practical connection. This grouping is not evidence that all of them descend from one historical lineage; transmission claims require separate sources.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "W3C: SKOS Reference",
          "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "W3C: SKOS Reference",
        "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Editorial English navigation title.",
      "note": "Sky names the visible heavens, bodies the objects within them, and coordinates the quantities locating them. The heading brings physical objects and reference geometry together.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: coordinate",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/coordinate"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-time-location",
    "term": "Time, location & calendars",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "How an instant and location are recorded, converted and assigned to a named calendrical convention.",
    "category": "Wiki branches",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Editorial subject classification",
      "note": "“Time, location & calendars” is a browsing category chosen for this atlas. Its child entries share a topic or practical connection. This grouping is not evidence that all of them descend from one historical lineage; transmission claims require separate sources.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Hong Kong Observatory: Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        },
        {
          "title": "Svante Janson: Tibetan calendar mathematics",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/1401.6285"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Hong Kong Observatory: Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
      },
      {
        "title": "Svante Janson: Tibetan calendar mathematics",
        "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/1401.6285"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Editorial English navigation title.",
      "note": "Time and location identify when and where; calendars names systems for arranging dates. Their pairing describes the information needed to establish a chart's instant and place.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: calendar",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/calendar"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-chart-geometry",
    "term": "Chart geometry & conventions",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Mathematical transformations, houses, aspects and classification rules; accuracy and interpretive validity are separate questions.",
    "category": "Wiki branches",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Editorial subject classification",
      "note": "“Chart geometry & conventions” is a browsing category chosen for this atlas. Its child entries share a topic or practical connection. This grouping is not evidence that all of them descend from one historical lineage; transmission claims require separate sources.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "W3C: SKOS Reference",
          "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "W3C: SKOS Reference",
        "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Editorial English navigation title.",
      "note": "Geometry derives from Greek earth-measurement vocabulary; conventions means agreed rules. This heading names how charts are drawn and divided.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: geometry",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/geometry"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: convention",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/convention"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-ways-of-knowing",
    "term": "Sources & ways of knowing",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Distinguish observations, formulas, historical texts, living practices and attributed teachings; inspect what each source establishes.",
    "category": "Wiki branches",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Editorial subject classification",
      "note": "“Sources & ways of knowing” is a browsing category chosen for this atlas. Its child entries share a topic or practical connection. This grouping is not evidence that all of them descend from one historical lineage; transmission claims require separate sources.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "W3C: SKOS Reference",
          "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "W3C: SKOS Reference",
        "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Editorial English navigation title.",
      "note": "Source uses the spring or origin metaphor for information; ways of knowing describes approaches to establishing claims. The phrase is an explanatory heading.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: source",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/source"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-western-historical",
    "term": "Historical & Western traditions",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Browse ancient Near Eastern and Mediterranean contexts alongside later and modern Western schools. Neighbouring articles are not automatic ancestors or descendants.",
    "category": "Wiki branches",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Editorial subject classification",
      "note": "“Historical & Western traditions” is a browsing category chosen for this atlas. Its child entries share a topic or practical connection. This grouping is not evidence that all of them descend from one historical lineage; transmission claims require separate sources.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "W3C: SKOS Reference",
          "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "W3C: SKOS Reference",
        "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Editorial geographic and chronological title.",
      "note": "Historical concerns the past; Western is a relative cultural-geographic label. The pairing organizes traditions without asserting that they began in one western location.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: historical",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/historical"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: western",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/western"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-ancient-historical",
    "term": "Ancient & historical contexts",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Texts and objects from distinct periods; source-specific transmission belongs in separately labelled historical connections.",
    "category": "Wiki branches",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Editorial subject classification",
      "note": "“Ancient & historical contexts” is a browsing category chosen for this atlas. Its child entries share a topic or practical connection. This grouping is not evidence that all of them descend from one historical lineage; transmission claims require separate sources.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "W3C: SKOS Reference",
          "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "W3C: SKOS Reference",
        "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Editorial chronological title.",
      "note": "Ancient marks great age; historical contexts places texts and practices in their settings. These are modern organizing words rather than an ancient school's self-name.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: ancient",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ancient"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: context",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/context"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-system-49",
    "term": "Babylonian omen and zodiac traditions",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Babylonian celestial practice includes multiple genres across time.",
    "category": "System gateways",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "System-specific sources and conventions",
      "note": "This entry covers Babylonian omen and zodiac traditions. Its cited texts document the methods or teachings being compared; any computed result depends on the stated inputs and rules. Historical attestation and reproducible arithmetic do not by themselves test a personal interpretation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Francesca Rochberg: Babylonian Horoscopes",
          "url": "https://mc.dlib.nyu.edu/files/books/isaw_aphs000011/isaw_aphs000011_lo.pdf"
        },
        {
          "title": "British Museum: Enuma Anu Enlil tablet Sp.II.197",
          "url": "https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_Sp-II-197"
        },
        {
          "title": "David Pingree and Christopher Brunner: Astrology and Astronomy in Iran",
          "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/astrology-and-astronomy-in-iran/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Francesca Rochberg: Babylonian Horoscopes",
        "url": "https://mc.dlib.nyu.edu/files/books/isaw_aphs000011/isaw_aphs000011_lo.pdf"
      },
      {
        "title": "British Museum: Enuma Anu Enlil tablet Sp.II.197",
        "url": "https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_Sp-II-197"
      },
      {
        "title": "David Pingree and Christopher Brunner: Astrology and Astronomy in Iran",
        "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/astrology-and-astronomy-in-iran/"
      }
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 49,
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Geographic name with Latin and Greek technical vocabulary.",
      "note": "Babylonian refers to Babylon; omen is Latin for a portent; zodiac descends from Greek figure-name vocabulary. The full phrase is an editorial grouping.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: omen",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/omen"
        },
        {
          "title": "Francesca Rochberg: Babylonian Horoscopes",
          "url": "https://mc.dlib.nyu.edu/files/books/isaw_aphs000011/isaw_aphs000011_lo.pdf"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-system-50",
    "term": "Egyptian decans / stellar calendars",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Egyptian stellar timekeeping and decanal imagery precede the later Greco-Roman zodiacal syntheses.",
    "category": "System gateways",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "System-specific sources and conventions",
      "note": "This entry covers Egyptian decans / stellar calendars. Its cited texts document the methods or teachings being compared; any computed result depends on the stated inputs and rules. Historical attestation and reproducible arithmetic do not by themselves test a personal interpretation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Astronomical Ceiling from the Tomb of Senenmut",
          "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/544566"
        },
        {
          "title": "Dendera Zodiac",
          "url": "https://egyptianmuseum.org/explore/greco-and-roman-period-monuments-dendera-zodiac"
        },
        {
          "title": "Swiss Ephemeris Programmer’s Manual",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swephprg.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Astronomical Ceiling from the Tomb of Senenmut",
        "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/544566"
      },
      {
        "title": "Dendera Zodiac",
        "url": "https://egyptianmuseum.org/explore/greco-and-roman-period-monuments-dendera-zodiac"
      },
      {
        "title": "Swiss Ephemeris Programmer’s Manual",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swephprg.htm"
      }
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 50,
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Geographic adjective with classical technical words.",
      "note": "Egyptian names the setting; decan retains a tenfold Latin term; stellar comes from stella, star. The slash joins related subjects rather than translating one ancient title.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: decan",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/decan"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: stellar",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/stellar"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-system-2",
    "term": "Hellenistic / traditional",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Hellenistic astrology is represented by surviving Greek-language authors including Ptolemy and Vettius Valens.",
    "category": "System gateways",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "System-specific sources and conventions",
      "note": "This entry covers Hellenistic / traditional. Its cited texts document the methods or teachings being compared; any computed result depends on the stated inputs and rules. Historical attestation and reproducible arithmetic do not by themselves test a personal interpretation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Annual Profections, Lots, and Zodiacal Releasing",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/astrology/tma_article190314_e.htm"
        },
        {
          "title": "Finding Fortuna",
          "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/fortuna"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Annual Profections, Lots, and Zodiacal Releasing",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/astrology/tma_article190314_e.htm"
      },
      {
        "title": "Finding Fortuna",
        "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/fortuna"
      }
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 2,
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Historical label and Latin-derived transmission word.",
      "note": "Hellenistic derives from Greek Hellēn, Greek; traditional comes from handing down. Together they describe a historical milieu and a mode of transmission.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: Hellenistic",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Hellenistic"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: traditional",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/traditional"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-system-3",
    "term": "Persian / Arabic / medieval Latin / Renaissance",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Persian, Arabic-language, medieval Latin and Renaissance astrology form connected but distinct histories.",
    "category": "System gateways",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "System-specific sources and conventions",
      "note": "This entry covers Persian / Arabic / medieval Latin / Renaissance. Its cited texts document the methods or teachings being compared; any computed result depends on the stated inputs and rules. Historical attestation and reproducible arithmetic do not by themselves test a personal interpretation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Astrology and Astronomy in Iran",
          "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/astrology-and-astronomy-in-iran/"
        },
        {
          "title": "William Lilly, Christian Astrology",
          "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/CA/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Astrology and Astronomy in Iran",
        "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/astrology-and-astronomy-in-iran/"
      },
      {
        "title": "William Lilly, Christian Astrology",
        "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/CA/"
      }
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 3,
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Editorial sequence of cultural, language, and period names.",
      "note": "Persian and Arabic identify linguistic-cultural settings; medieval Latin identifies language and era; Renaissance is French for rebirth. The title lists linked contexts, not synonyms.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: Renaissance",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Renaissance"
        },
        {
          "title": "Astrology and Astronomy in Iran",
          "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/astrology-and-astronomy-in-iran/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-modern-western",
    "term": "Modern Western schools",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Named modern approaches with differing zodiac choices, symbolic languages and interpretive assumptions.",
    "category": "Wiki branches",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Editorial subject classification",
      "note": "“Modern Western schools” is a browsing category chosen for this atlas. Its child entries share a topic or practical connection. This grouping is not evidence that all of them descend from one historical lineage; transmission claims require separate sources.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "W3C: SKOS Reference",
          "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "W3C: SKOS Reference",
        "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Editorial chronological-geographic title.",
      "note": "Modern concerns comparatively recent practice; Western identifies a broad cultural lineage. The combined title does not name a single founding author or doctrine.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: modern",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/modern"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: western",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/western"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-system-0",
    "term": "Tropical natal / modern Western",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Tropical natal astrology belongs to a long textual tradition that was repeatedly revised.",
    "category": "System gateways",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "System-specific sources and conventions",
      "note": "This entry covers Tropical natal / modern Western. Its cited texts document the methods or teachings being compared; any computed result depends on the stated inputs and rules. Historical attestation and reproducible arithmetic do not by themselves test a personal interpretation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Ptolemy, Tetrabiblos I.4–24",
          "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Swiss Ephemeris programming interface",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swephprg.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Ptolemy, Tetrabiblos I.4–24",
        "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Swiss Ephemeris programming interface",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swephprg.htm"
      }
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 0,
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Editorial compound of chart vocabulary.",
      "note": "Tropical refers to the seasonal zodiac, natal to birth, and modern Western to the school grouping. These are three descriptive qualifiers of different kinds.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: tropical",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/tropical"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: natal",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/natal"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-system-1",
    "term": "Western sidereal",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Western sidereal astrology is a modern Western tradition associated with zodiac calibrations such as Fagan–Bradley.",
    "category": "System gateways",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "System-specific sources and conventions",
      "note": "This entry covers Western sidereal. Its cited texts document the methods or teachings being compared; any computed result depends on the stated inputs and rules. Historical attestation and reproducible arithmetic do not by themselves test a personal interpretation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: sidereal astrology and ayanamshas",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swisseph.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: sidereal astrology and ayanamshas",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swisseph.htm"
      }
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 1,
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Geographic adjective with Latin-derived frame name.",
      "note": "Western names the school context; sidereal comes from sidus, star or constellation. The phrase distinguishes this tradition's star-referenced zodiac convention.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: sidereal",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sidereal"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-system-4",
    "term": "Modern psychological / evolutionary",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Psychological and evolutionary astrology are related modern approaches, not synonyms.",
    "category": "System gateways",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "System-specific sources and conventions",
      "note": "This entry covers Modern psychological / evolutionary. Its cited texts document the methods or teachings being compared; any computed result depends on the stated inputs and rules. Historical attestation and reproducible arithmetic do not by themselves test a personal interpretation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Liz Greene at Astrodienst",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/people/greene_e.htm"
        },
        {
          "title": "Jeffrey Wolf Green School of Evolutionary Astrology",
          "url": "https://schoolofevolutionaryastrology.com/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Liz Greene at Astrodienst",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/people/greene_e.htm"
      },
      {
        "title": "Jeffrey Wolf Green School of Evolutionary Astrology",
        "url": "https://schoolofevolutionaryastrology.com/"
      }
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 4,
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Modern school labels built from scholarly vocabulary.",
      "note": "Psychological draws on psyche, mind or soul; evolutionary draws on evolution's unfolding vocabulary. Here both name interpretive schools rather than a shared technical procedure.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: psychology",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/psychology"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: evolution",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/evolution"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-system-5",
    "term": "Esoteric / Alice Bailey / seven rays",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Alice Bailey's esoteric astrology belongs to a modern spiritual teaching corpus maintained by Lucis Trust.",
    "category": "System gateways",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "System-specific sources and conventions",
      "note": "This entry covers Esoteric / Alice Bailey / seven rays. Its cited texts document the methods or teachings being compared; any computed result depends on the stated inputs and rules. Historical attestation and reproducible arithmetic do not by themselves test a personal interpretation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "The Science of the Seven Rays",
          "url": "https://www.lucistrust.org/arcane_school/talks_and_articles/the_science_the_seven_rays"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "The Science of the Seven Rays",
        "url": "https://www.lucistrust.org/arcane_school/talks_and_articles/the_science_the_seven_rays"
      }
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 5,
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Greek-derived adjective, author-name, and metaphorical title.",
      "note": "Esoteric means inward or restricted teaching; Alice Bailey is the author-name; seven rays names the light-ray metaphor organizing her system.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: esoteric",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/esoteric"
        },
        {
          "title": "Alice A. Bailey: Esoteric Astrology, A Treatise on the Seven Rays",
          "url": "https://www.lucistrust.org/online_books/esoteric_astrology_obooks"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-system-8",
    "term": "Uranian / Hamburg School",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "The Hamburg School grew around Alfred Witte's methods, with Friedrich Sieggrün and Ludwig Rudolph involved in its organization and publishing.",
    "category": "System gateways",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "System-specific sources and conventions",
      "note": "This entry covers Uranian / Hamburg School. Its cited texts document the methods or teachings being compared; any computed result depends on the stated inputs and rules. Historical attestation and reproducible arithmetic do not by themselves test a personal interpretation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Witte-Verlag: Alfred Witte's method",
          "url": "https://www.witte-verlag.com/hamburger-schule.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: hypothetical bodies",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swisseph.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Witte-Verlag: Alfred Witte's method",
        "url": "https://www.witte-verlag.com/hamburger-schule.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: hypothetical bodies",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swisseph.htm"
      }
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 8,
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Modern school name and geographic label.",
      "note": "Uranian draws on Uranus; Hamburg School names the German city associated with Alfred Witte's circle. Neither expression is an ancient system-name.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Witte-Verlag: Alfred Witte's method",
          "url": "https://www.witte-verlag.com/hamburger-schule.html"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-system-9",
    "term": "Cosmobiology / midpoint schools",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Cosmobiology is particularly associated with Reinhold Ebertin's publishing and teaching.",
    "category": "System gateways",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "System-specific sources and conventions",
      "note": "This entry covers Cosmobiology / midpoint schools. Its cited texts document the methods or teachings being compared; any computed result depends on the stated inputs and rules. Historical attestation and reproducible arithmetic do not by themselves test a personal interpretation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Kosmobiologische Akademie: institutional history",
          "url": "https://www.kosmobiologische-akademie.de/geschichte/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Kosmobiologische Akademie: institutional history",
        "url": "https://www.kosmobiologische-akademie.de/geschichte/"
      }
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 9,
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Modern classical-root compound with an English method label.",
      "note": "Cosmobiology joins cosmos, world/order, and biology, study of life. Midpoint schools describes approaches organized around halfway positions.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: cosmo-",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cosmo-"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: biology",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/biology"
        },
        {
          "title": "Kosmobiologische Akademie: institutional history",
          "url": "https://www.kosmobiologische-akademie.de/geschichte/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-south-asian",
    "term": "South Asian traditions",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Jyotish-related traditions, regional lineages and techniques. Shared geography or Sanskrit terminology does not make every method one Parashari school.",
    "category": "Wiki branches",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Editorial subject classification",
      "note": "“South Asian traditions” is a browsing category chosen for this atlas. Its child entries share a topic or practical connection. This grouping is not evidence that all of them descend from one historical lineage; transmission claims require separate sources.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Balabhadra / Martin Gansten: The Jewel of Annual Astrology",
          "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1163/j.ctv2gjwzsx"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Balabhadra / Martin Gansten: The Jewel of Annual Astrology",
        "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1163/j.ctv2gjwzsx"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Editorial geographic title.",
      "note": "South Asian identifies a region of Asia; traditions means practices handed down. The words group related material without supplying a single indigenous umbrella-name.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: tradition",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/tradition"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-south-asian-schools",
    "term": "Schools & regional lineages",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Browse the broad Parashari family, Jaimini, KP, Tajika and regional discovery entries without asserting a single line of descent.",
    "category": "Wiki branches",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Editorial subject classification",
      "note": "“Schools & regional lineages” is a browsing category chosen for this atlas. Its child entries share a topic or practical connection. This grouping is not evidence that all of them descend from one historical lineage; transmission claims require separate sources.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Balabhadra / Martin Gansten: The Jewel of Annual Astrology",
          "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1163/j.ctv2gjwzsx"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Balabhadra / Martin Gansten: The Jewel of Annual Astrology",
        "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1163/j.ctv2gjwzsx"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Editorial English transmission vocabulary.",
      "note": "School means an organized body of teaching; lineage invokes descent or succession. Regional marks variation by place within South Asia.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: school",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/school"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: lineage",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/lineage"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-system-21",
    "term": "Jyotish / Parashari family",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Jyotish is a broad Indian astral discipline; the Parashari label identifies a family of horoscope techniques associated with the authority of Parashara.",
    "category": "System gateways",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "System-specific sources and conventions",
      "note": "This entry covers Jyotish / Parashari family. Its cited texts document the methods or teachings being compared; any computed result depends on the stated inputs and rules. Historical attestation and reproducible arithmetic do not by themselves test a personal interpretation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Vedic Astrology: An Integrated Approach — P. V. R. Narasimha Rao",
          "url": "https://www.vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf"
        },
        {
          "title": "The origin and early development of the nine planetary deities — University of Michigan",
          "url": "https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/items/a55fccff-5ad9-4189-be31-5b8e363e0136"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Vedic Astrology: An Integrated Approach — P. V. R. Narasimha Rao",
        "url": "https://www.vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf"
      },
      {
        "title": "The origin and early development of the nine planetary deities — University of Michigan",
        "url": "https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/items/a55fccff-5ad9-4189-be31-5b8e363e0136"
      }
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 21,
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit discipline-name and eponymic adjective.",
      "note": "Jyotiṣa derives from celestial light; Parāśarī means associated with the sage Parāśara. Family is the atlas's grouping metaphor, not a literal genealogy.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: jyotiṣa (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/97.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao: Vedic Astrology, An Integrated Approach",
          "url": "https://vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-system-25",
    "term": "Jaimini / chara dashas",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Jaimini astrology names a body of techniques transmitted through terse sutras, commentaries and modern teaching.",
    "category": "System gateways",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "System-specific sources and conventions",
      "note": "This entry covers Jaimini / chara dashas. Its cited texts document the methods or teachings being compared; any computed result depends on the stated inputs and rules. Historical attestation and reproducible arithmetic do not by themselves test a personal interpretation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Vedic Astrology classes, volume 1 — P. V. R. Narasimha Rao; compiled class notes",
          "url": "https://vedicastrologer.org/classes/book1-for-CD.pdf"
        },
        {
          "title": "Vedic Astrology: An Integrated Approach — P. V. R. Narasimha Rao",
          "url": "https://www.vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Vedic Astrology classes, volume 1 — P. V. R. Narasimha Rao; compiled class notes",
        "url": "https://vedicastrologer.org/classes/book1-for-CD.pdf"
      },
      {
        "title": "Vedic Astrology: An Integrated Approach — P. V. R. Narasimha Rao",
        "url": "https://www.vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 25,
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit eponym and descriptive period-name.",
      "note": "Jaimini names the attributed sage; cara means moving or changeable, and daśā period. The label combines an attribution with a timing-family name.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Vedic Astrology classes, volume 1 — P. V. R. Narasimha Rao; compiled class notes",
          "url": "https://vedicastrologer.org/classes/book1-for-CD.pdf"
        },
        {
          "title": "Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams lexical reference",
          "url": "https://sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-system-26",
    "term": "Krishnamurti Paddhati (KP)",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Krishnamurti Paddhati takes its name from K.",
    "category": "System gateways",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "System-specific sources and conventions",
      "note": "This entry covers Krishnamurti Paddhati (KP). Its cited texts document the methods or teachings being compared; any computed result depends on the stated inputs and rules. Historical attestation and reproducible arithmetic do not by themselves test a personal interpretation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Krishnamurthi Padathi — Anthony Writer, Jyotisha Bharati",
          "url": "https://ftpmirror.your.org/pub/wikimedia/images/wikipedia/commons/9/95/KRISHNAMURTHI_PADATHI.pdf"
        },
        {
          "title": "Swiss Ephemeris technical documentation — Astrodienst",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swisseph.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Krishnamurthi Padathi — Anthony Writer, Jyotisha Bharati",
        "url": "https://ftpmirror.your.org/pub/wikimedia/images/wikipedia/commons/9/95/KRISHNAMURTHI_PADATHI.pdf"
      },
      {
        "title": "Swiss Ephemeris technical documentation — Astrodienst",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swisseph.htm"
      }
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 26,
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Modern eponym and Sanskrit method word.",
      "note": "Krishnamurti identifies K. S. Krishnamurti; paddhati means a procedure or system. KP is an initialism of the school-name.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Krishnamurthi Padathi — Anthony Writer, Jyotisha Bharati",
          "url": "https://ftpmirror.your.org/pub/wikimedia/images/wikipedia/commons/9/95/KRISHNAMURTHI_PADATHI.pdf"
        },
        {
          "title": "Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams lexical reference",
          "url": "https://sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-system-27",
    "term": "Tajika / Varshaphala",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Tajika is a Sanskrit adaptation of Perso-Arabic astrology, particularly associated with anniversary horoscopes.",
    "category": "System gateways",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Historically documented annual-chart tradition",
      "note": "Balabhadra's text records a substantial Tajika method with its own judgement rules. A sidereal return supplies a chart, not the full method. Historical attestation and calculated positions do not test its predicted outcomes.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Martin Gansten and Balabhadra: The Jewel of Annual Astrology",
          "url": "https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/isbn/9789004433717/html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Balabhadra: The Jewel of Annual Astrology, chapter2 — Aspects and Dignities",
          "url": "https://brill.com/display/book/9789004433717/9789004433717_webready_content_text.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "The Jewel of Annual Astrology — Martin Gansten and Balabhadra, 2020",
        "url": "https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/isbn/9789004433717/html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Vedic Astrology: An Integrated Approach — P. V. R. Narasimha Rao",
        "url": "https://www.vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf"
      },
      {
        "title": "Balabhadra: The Jewel of Annual Astrology, chapter2 — Aspects and Dignities",
        "url": "https://brill.com/display/book/9789004433717/9789004433717_webready_content_text.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 27,
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Borrowed school-name and Sanskrit compound.",
      "note": "Tājika is the Persian-derived school designation; varṣaphala combines year with fruit or result, naming the year's results.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Martin Gansten: Samarasimha and the Early Transmission of Tajika Astrology",
          "url": "https://doi.org/10.1163/25425552-12340005"
        },
        {
          "title": "Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams lexical reference",
          "url": "https://sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-system-28",
    "term": "Nadi / Bhrigu / Lal Kitab / regional lineages",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "This registry entry groups traditions that need separate articles rather than implying a single school.",
    "category": "System gateways",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "System-specific sources and conventions",
      "note": "This entry covers Nadi / Bhrigu / Lal Kitab / regional lineages. Its cited texts document the methods or teachings being compared; any computed result depends on the stated inputs and rules. Historical attestation and reproducible arithmetic do not by themselves test a personal interpretation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Nadi Divination and Indian Astrology — Martin Gansten, 2011",
          "url": "https://www.martingansten.com/pdf/NadiDivinationAndIndianAstrology2011.pdf"
        },
        {
          "title": "Lal Kitab Ke Farman, 1939 — AstroStudents archive",
          "url": "https://astrostudents.ueuo.com/1939/index.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Nadi Divination and Indian Astrology — Martin Gansten, 2011",
        "url": "https://www.martingansten.com/pdf/NadiDivinationAndIndianAstrology2011.pdf"
      },
      {
        "title": "Lal Kitab Ke Farman, 1939 — AstroStudents archive",
        "url": "https://astrostudents.ueuo.com/1939/index.html"
      }
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 28,
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Several native names joined by an editorial heading.",
      "note": "Nāḍī is a Sanskrit word with channel/tube senses; Bhṛgu is a sage-name; Lal Kitab is the Red Book title. Their deeper naming histories should not be merged.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Nadi Divination and Indian Astrology — Martin Gansten, 2011",
          "url": "https://www.martingansten.com/pdf/NadiDivinationAndIndianAstrology2011.pdf"
        },
        {
          "title": "Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams lexical reference",
          "url": "https://sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-south-asian-methods",
    "term": "Almanacs, divisions & periods",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Panchanga, vargas and Vimshottari retain their tradition-specific rules while cross-linking to the general methods branch.",
    "category": "Wiki branches",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Editorial subject classification",
      "note": "“Almanacs, divisions & periods” is a browsing category chosen for this atlas. Its child entries share a topic or practical connection. This grouping is not evidence that all of them descend from one historical lineage; transmission claims require separate sources.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "W3C: SKOS Reference",
          "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "W3C: SKOS Reference",
        "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Editorial English list of technical families.",
      "note": "Almanacs names calendrical handbooks, divisions names chart subdivisions, and periods names time sequences. The title gathers three different kinds of method.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: almanac",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/almanac"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: division",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/division"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: period",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/period"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-system-22",
    "term": "Panchanga / drik calculation",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Panchanga means a five-part almanac framework.",
    "category": "System gateways",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Astronomical calendar with declared local-day rules",
      "note": "Positions and transition times are reproducible within the selected zodiac and sunrise convention. A sunrise day differs from a civil date; festival assignment and auspiciousness require further religious or lineage rules. Daily and birth-instant views answer different calendar questions.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Drik Panchang: Sunrise and sunset conventions",
          "url": "https://www.drikpanchang.com/panchang/sunrise/panchang-sunrise.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Drik Panchang: Reading Panchang Timings",
          "url": "https://www.drikpanchang.com/faq/faq-ans1.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "India Meteorological Department: Rashtriya Panchang",
          "url": "https://mausam.imd.gov.in/responsive/rashtriyPanchang.php"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Rashtriya Panchang — Positional Astronomy Centre, Kolkata",
        "url": "https://www.packolkata.gov.in/rashtriya-panchang-english.php"
      },
      {
        "title": "Vedic Astrology: An Integrated Approach — P. V. R. Narasimha Rao",
        "url": "https://www.vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 22,
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit compound and observation vocabulary.",
      "note": "Pañcāṅga means five-limbed; drik represents dṛk, sight. The title combines the almanac's components with the calculation approach.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: pañcāṅga (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/146.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams lexical reference",
          "url": "https://sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-system-23",
    "term": "Divisional charts / vargas",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Vargas are divisional classifications within Indian horoscope practice.",
    "category": "System gateways",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "System-specific sources and conventions",
      "note": "This entry covers Divisional charts / vargas. Its cited texts document the methods or teachings being compared; any computed result depends on the stated inputs and rules. Historical attestation and reproducible arithmetic do not by themselves test a personal interpretation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Vedic Astrology: An Integrated Approach — P. V. R. Narasimha Rao",
          "url": "https://www.vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf"
        },
        {
          "title": "Vedic Astrology classes, volume 1 — P. V. R. Narasimha Rao; compiled class notes",
          "url": "https://vedicastrologer.org/classes/book1-for-CD.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Vedic Astrology: An Integrated Approach — P. V. R. Narasimha Rao",
        "url": "https://www.vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf"
      },
      {
        "title": "Vedic Astrology classes, volume 1 — P. V. R. Narasimha Rao; compiled class notes",
        "url": "https://vedicastrologer.org/classes/book1-for-CD.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 23,
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "English explanatory label paired with Sanskrit.",
      "note": "Divisional describes division into parts; varga means a group or division. The slash presents a translation aid, while preserving the native term.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: varga (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/229.html"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-east-asian",
    "term": "Chinese & East Asian traditions",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Calendrical, chart and divination traditions with distinct regional histories and conventions.",
    "category": "Wiki branches",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Editorial subject classification",
      "note": "“Chinese & East Asian traditions” is a browsing category chosen for this atlas. Its child entries share a topic or practical connection. This grouping is not evidence that all of them descend from one historical lineage; transmission claims require separate sources.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Hong Kong Observatory: Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Hong Kong Observatory: Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Editorial geographic title.",
      "note": "Chinese identifies Chinese traditions, while East Asian broadens the regional frame. The pairing describes geographic scope rather than a single historical name.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: Chinese",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Chinese"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: Asian",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Asian"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-east-asian-calendars",
    "term": "Calendars & stem–branch methods",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Shared cycles support several practices; a calendar designation is not itself a personality interpretation.",
    "category": "Wiki branches",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Editorial subject classification",
      "note": "“Calendars & stem–branch methods” is a browsing category chosen for this atlas. Its child entries share a topic or practical connection. This grouping is not evidence that all of them descend from one historical lineage; transmission claims require separate sources.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Hong Kong Observatory: Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Hong Kong Observatory: Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Editorial label with translated native imagery.",
      "note": "Calendars names date-reckoning systems; stem–branch translates the paired Chinese gān–zhī naming. The title highlights calendrical methods built on that pairing.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Hong Kong Observatory: Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-system-29",
    "term": "BaZi / Four Pillars / Saju",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Four Pillars arranges the year, month, day and double-hour into stem–branch pairs.",
    "category": "System gateways",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "System-specific sources and conventions",
      "note": "This entry covers BaZi / Four Pillars / Saju. Its cited texts document the methods or teachings being compared; any computed result depends on the stated inputs and rules. Historical attestation and reproducible arithmetic do not by themselves test a personal interpretation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches — Hong Kong Observatory",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        },
        {
          "title": "The 24 Solar Terms — Hong Kong Observatory",
          "url": "https://www.weather.gov.hk/en/gts/time/24solarterms.htm"
        },
        {
          "title": "Facts about Korea — Korean Culture and Information Service",
          "url": "https://www.korea.net/koreanet/fileDownload?fileUrl=pdfdata%2F2015%2F01%2FFactsAboutKorea_en_0116.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches — Hong Kong Observatory",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
      },
      {
        "title": "The 24 Solar Terms — Hong Kong Observatory",
        "url": "https://www.weather.gov.hk/en/gts/time/24solarterms.htm"
      },
      {
        "title": "Facts about Korea — Korean Culture and Information Service",
        "url": "https://www.korea.net/koreanet/fileDownload?fileUrl=pdfdata%2F2015%2F01%2FFactsAboutKorea_en_0116.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 29,
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Native names and their English translation.",
      "note": "Bāzì, 八字, means eight characters; Four Pillars renders 四柱, also read Saju in Korean. The labels count characters or paired pillars in the chart.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Joey Yap: Four Pillars and the Day Master",
          "url": "https://home.joeyyap.com/article/bazi/what-is-bazi-astrology-a-beginners-complete-guide/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-system-30",
    "term": "Chinese lunisolar zodiac",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "The Chinese calendar coordinates lunar months with the solar year through intercalation.",
    "category": "System gateways",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "System-specific sources and conventions",
      "note": "This entry covers Chinese lunisolar zodiac. Its cited texts document the methods or teachings being compared; any computed result depends on the stated inputs and rules. Historical attestation and reproducible arithmetic do not by themselves test a personal interpretation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Gregorian–Lunar Calendar Conversion Table of 1995 — Hong Kong Observatory",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/calendar/pdf/files/1995e.pdf"
        },
        {
          "title": "The 24 Solar Terms — Hong Kong Observatory",
          "url": "https://www.weather.gov.hk/en/gts/time/24solarterms.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Gregorian–Lunar Calendar Conversion Table of 1995 — Hong Kong Observatory",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/calendar/pdf/files/1995e.pdf"
      },
      {
        "title": "The 24 Solar Terms — Hong Kong Observatory",
        "url": "https://www.weather.gov.hk/en/gts/time/24solarterms.htm"
      }
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 30,
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Geographic adjective and translated scientific label.",
      "note": "Chinese identifies the tradition; lunisolar combines Moon and Sun; zodiac is an English comparison label for the animal cycle, not its Chinese word origin.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: lunisolar",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/lunisolar"
        },
        {
          "title": "Hong Kong Observatory: Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-east-asian-chart-boards",
    "term": "Charts & divination boards",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Zi Wei / Tử Vi and the three cosmic-board traditions are separate methods, not interchangeable presets.",
    "category": "Wiki branches",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Editorial subject classification",
      "note": "“Charts & divination boards” is a browsing category chosen for this atlas. Its child entries share a topic or practical connection. This grouping is not evidence that all of them descend from one historical lineage; transmission claims require separate sources.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "W3C: SKOS Reference",
          "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "W3C: SKOS Reference",
        "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Editorial English object-based title.",
      "note": "Chart names a diagram, and board a working surface or patterned layout. Divination identifies their interpretive use; the title groups devices rather than one named doctrine.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: chart",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/chart"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: divination",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/divination"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-system-31",
    "term": "Zi Wei Dou Shu / Tử Vi",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Zi Wei Dou Shu belongs to the Chinese family of calendrical fate-calculation.",
    "category": "System gateways",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "System-specific sources and conventions",
      "note": "This entry covers Zi Wei Dou Shu / Tử Vi. Its cited texts document the methods or teachings being compared; any computed result depends on the stated inputs and rules. Historical attestation and reproducible arithmetic do not by themselves test a personal interpretation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Iztro official quick start — Iztro maintainers",
          "url": "https://docs.iztro.com/quick-start"
        },
        {
          "title": "Zi Wei Dou Shu configuration — X-Haose implementation authors",
          "url": "https://ziwei.x-haose.com/en/docs/guide/guides/config"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Iztro official quick start — Iztro maintainers",
        "url": "https://docs.iztro.com/quick-start"
      },
      {
        "title": "Zi Wei Dou Shu configuration — X-Haose implementation authors",
        "url": "https://ziwei.x-haose.com/en/docs/guide/guides/config"
      }
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 31,
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Chinese and Sino-Vietnamese names.",
      "note": "Zǐwēi Dǒushù, 紫微斗數, retains an astral name plus Dipper-number terminology; Tử Vi is the Vietnamese reading of Zǐwēi. The names have related linguistic forms.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Iztro: Zi Wei Dou Shu documentation",
          "url": "https://docs.iztro.com/quick-start"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-system-32",
    "term": "Qi Men Dun Jia / Da Liu Ren / Tai Yi",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Qi Men Dun Jia, Da Liu Ren and Tai Yi are three distinct Chinese divination systems often grouped as the three cosmic boards.",
    "category": "System gateways",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "System-specific sources and conventions",
      "note": "This entry covers Qi Men Dun Jia / Da Liu Ren / Tai Yi. Its cited texts document the methods or teachings being compared; any computed result depends on the stated inputs and rules. Historical attestation and reproducible arithmetic do not by themselves test a personal interpretation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Chinese Mathematical Astrology — Ho Peng Yoke, 2003",
          "url": "https://www.routledge.com/Chinese-Mathematical-Astrology-Reaching-Out-to-the-Stars/Yoke/p/book/9780415863100"
        },
        {
          "title": "Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches — Hong Kong Observatory",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Chinese Mathematical Astrology — Ho Peng Yoke, 2003",
        "url": "https://www.routledge.com/Chinese-Mathematical-Astrology-Reaching-Out-to-the-Stars/Yoke/p/book/9780415863100"
      },
      {
        "title": "Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches — Hong Kong Observatory",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
      }
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 32,
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Romanized Chinese titles of distinct methods.",
      "note": "Qimen Dunjia uses unusual-gate and hiding-jia terminology; Liuren means six ren, the yang-water stem; Taiyi is the deity/system title. These are separate names, not one compound.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Chinese Mathematical Astrology — Ho Peng Yoke, 2003",
          "url": "https://www.routledge.com/Chinese-Mathematical-Astrology-Reaching-Out-to-the-Stars/Yoke/p/book/9780415863100"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-japanese-related",
    "term": "Japanese & related traditions",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Nine Star Ki, Onmyōdō and Sukuyō are discovery neighbours with different schools and source histories.",
    "category": "Wiki branches",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Editorial subject classification",
      "note": "“Japanese & related traditions” is a browsing category chosen for this atlas. Its child entries share a topic or practical connection. This grouping is not evidence that all of them descend from one historical lineage; transmission claims require separate sources.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "W3C: SKOS Reference",
          "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "W3C: SKOS Reference",
        "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Editorial geographic title.",
      "note": "Japanese refers to Japan; related marks comparison with connected traditions. The deliberately broad heading is not a translation of kyūsei, onmyōdō, or sukuyō.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: Japanese",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Japanese"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: related",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/related"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-system-33",
    "term": "Nine Star Ki / Kyūsei",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Nine Star Ki is a Japanese-associated cycle practice encountered today through several teaching lineages.",
    "category": "System gateways",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "System-specific sources and conventions",
      "note": "This entry covers Nine Star Ki / Kyūsei. Its cited texts document the methods or teachings being compared; any computed result depends on the stated inputs and rules. Historical attestation and reproducible arithmetic do not by themselves test a personal interpretation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Nine Star Ki lessons — 9StarKi practitioner teaching resource",
          "url": "https://9starki.com/free_lessons.htm"
        },
        {
          "title": "Nine Star Ki FAQ — Blooming Grove Studio",
          "url": "https://9starki.com/faq.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Nine Star Ki lessons — 9StarKi practitioner teaching resource",
        "url": "https://9starki.com/free_lessons.htm"
      },
      {
        "title": "Nine Star Ki FAQ — Blooming Grove Studio",
        "url": "https://9starki.com/faq.htm"
      }
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 33,
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "English rendering with Japanese romanization.",
      "note": "Kyūsei, 九星, means nine stars; ki, 気, is the Japanese qi-related term. The title keeps the native reading beside the English form.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Blooming Grove Studio: Nine Star Ki discussion",
          "url": "https://9starki.com/9ki_info.htm"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-system-34",
    "term": "Onmyōdō / Sukuyō / 27–28 mansion systems",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Onmyodo, Buddhist Sukuyodo and mansion systems should not be collapsed into one Japanese zodiac.",
    "category": "System gateways",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "System-specific sources and conventions",
      "note": "This entry covers Onmyōdō / Sukuyō / 27–28 mansion systems. Its cited texts document the methods or teachings being compared; any computed result depends on the stated inputs and rules. Historical attestation and reproducible arithmetic do not by themselves test a personal interpretation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Japanese Buddhist Astrology and Astral Magic — Jeffrey Kotyk, 2018",
          "url": "https://nirc.nanzan-u.ac.jp/journal/6/issue/196/article/1472"
        },
        {
          "title": "Tibetan calendar mathematics — Svante Janson, Uppsala University",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/1401.6285"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Japanese Buddhist Astrology and Astral Magic — Jeffrey Kotyk, 2018",
        "url": "https://nirc.nanzan-u.ac.jp/journal/6/issue/196/article/1472"
      },
      {
        "title": "Tibetan calendar mathematics — Svante Janson, Uppsala University",
        "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/1401.6285"
      }
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 34,
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Japanese technical names with an English explanatory label.",
      "note": "Onmyōdō is the way of yin-yang/divination; Sukuyō uses mansion-and-luminary characters 宿曜. The numbered mansion label is an English description of the calendrical divisions.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Hayashi and Hayek: Editors’ Introduction, Onmyōdō",
          "url": "https://nirc.nanzan-u.ac.jp/journal/6/article/1362/pdf/download"
        },
        {
          "title": "Japanese Buddhist Astrology and Astral Magic — Jeffrey Kotyk, 2018",
          "url": "https://nirc.nanzan-u.ac.jp/journal/6/issue/196/article/1472"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-tibetan-regional",
    "term": "Tibetan & regional traditions",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "A browsing area for Tibetan-derived calendars and separately documented regional Asian practices. This category does not imply Southeast Asian practices descend from Tibet.",
    "category": "Wiki branches",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Editorial subject classification",
      "note": "“Tibetan & regional traditions” is a browsing category chosen for this atlas. Its child entries share a topic or practical connection. This grouping is not evidence that all of them descend from one historical lineage; transmission claims require separate sources.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Svante Janson: Tibetan calendar mathematics",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/1401.6285"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Svante Janson: Tibetan calendar mathematics",
        "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/1401.6285"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Editorial geographic title.",
      "note": "Tibetan identifies the central linguistic-cultural context; regional opens the grouping to related local traditions. It is a navigation phrase, not a Tibetan school-title.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: Tibetan",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Tibetan"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: regional",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/regional"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-tibetan-calendars",
    "term": "Tibetan & related calendars",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Compare named calendar lineages and regional variants; similar names can conceal different conversions.",
    "category": "Wiki branches",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Editorial subject classification",
      "note": "“Tibetan & related calendars” is a browsing category chosen for this atlas. Its child entries share a topic or practical connection. This grouping is not evidence that all of them descend from one historical lineage; transmission claims require separate sources.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Svante Janson: Tibetan calendar mathematics",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/1401.6285"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Svante Janson: Tibetan calendar mathematics",
        "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/1401.6285"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Editorial geographic and calendrical title.",
      "note": "Tibetan identifies the tradition and related records connected calendars; calendars describes date reckoning. Named lineages such as Phugpa remain distinct within it.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Svante Janson: Tibetan calendar mathematics",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/1401.6285"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-system-35",
    "term": "Phugpa / Tsurphu / Kālacakra",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Tibetan calendar computation preserves mathematical traditions associated with the Kalachakra literature and later lineages.",
    "category": "System gateways",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "System-specific sources and conventions",
      "note": "This entry covers Phugpa / Tsurphu / Kālacakra. Its cited texts document the methods or teachings being compared; any computed result depends on the stated inputs and rules. Historical attestation and reproducible arithmetic do not by themselves test a personal interpretation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Tibetan calendar mathematics — Svante Janson, Uppsala University",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/1401.6285"
        },
        {
          "title": "Tibetan Astro Sciences — Alexander Berzin",
          "url": "https://studybuddhism.com/en/advanced-studies/history-culture/tibetan-astrology/tibetan-astro-sciences"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Tibetan calendar mathematics — Svante Janson, Uppsala University",
        "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/1401.6285"
      },
      {
        "title": "Tibetan Astro Sciences — Alexander Berzin",
        "url": "https://studybuddhism.com/en/advanced-studies/history-culture/tibetan-astrology/tibetan-astro-sciences"
      }
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 35,
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Tibetan names alongside a Sanskrit title.",
      "note": "Phugpa names a calendar-author lineage; Tsurphu a monastery-linked tradition; Kālacakra means Wheel of Time. The slash preserves three different naming origins.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Svante Janson: Tibetan calendar mathematics",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/1401.6285"
        },
        {
          "title": "Sopa, Jackson and Newman: The Wheel of Time, publisher description",
          "url": "https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/224275/the-wheel-of-time-by-geshe-lhundub-sopa-roger-r-jackson-john-newman/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-system-36",
    "term": "Bhutanese / Mongolian / regional Tibetan calendars",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Bhutanese and Mongolian calendars belong to the wider history of Tibetan-derived calendrical learning while retaining regional versions.",
    "category": "System gateways",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "System-specific sources and conventions",
      "note": "This entry covers Bhutanese / Mongolian / regional Tibetan calendars. Its cited texts document the methods or teachings being compared; any computed result depends on the stated inputs and rules. Historical attestation and reproducible arithmetic do not by themselves test a personal interpretation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Tibetan calendar mathematics — Svante Janson, Uppsala University",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/1401.6285"
        },
        {
          "title": "Tibetan Astro Sciences — Alexander Berzin",
          "url": "https://studybuddhism.com/en/advanced-studies/history-culture/tibetan-astrology/tibetan-astro-sciences"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Tibetan calendar mathematics — Svante Janson, Uppsala University",
        "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/1401.6285"
      },
      {
        "title": "Tibetan Astro Sciences — Alexander Berzin",
        "url": "https://studybuddhism.com/en/advanced-studies/history-culture/tibetan-astrology/tibetan-astro-sciences"
      }
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 36,
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Editorial geographic adjectives.",
      "note": "Bhutanese, Mongolian, and Tibetan derive from regional or people-names. The heading groups calendar versions by place and transmission without translating those names into invented roots.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Svante Janson: Tibetan calendar mathematics",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/1401.6285"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-tibetan-elements",
    "term": "Elemental & cycle overlays",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Element, animal, mewa and parkha components require their own documented rules.",
    "category": "Wiki branches",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Editorial subject classification",
      "note": "“Elemental & cycle overlays” is a browsing category chosen for this atlas. Its child entries share a topic or practical connection. This grouping is not evidence that all of them descend from one historical lineage; transmission claims require separate sources.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Svante Janson: Tibetan calendar mathematics",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/1401.6285"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Svante Janson: Tibetan calendar mathematics",
        "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/1401.6285"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Editorial descriptive title.",
      "note": "Elemental refers to the named element classifications; cycle emphasizes recurrence; overlay uses the map-layer metaphor for adding classifications to a calendar.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: elemental",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/elemental"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: overlay",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/overlay"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-system-37",
    "term": "Element / animal / mewa / parkha overlays",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Tibetan elemental astrology adds animal cycles, mewa numbers and parkha trigrams to calendrical reckoning.",
    "category": "System gateways",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "System-specific sources and conventions",
      "note": "This entry covers Element / animal / mewa / parkha overlays. Its cited texts document the methods or teachings being compared; any computed result depends on the stated inputs and rules. Historical attestation and reproducible arithmetic do not by themselves test a personal interpretation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Chart: Protective Talisman, Rubin collection P1994.13.1 — Himalayan Art Resources",
          "url": "https://www.himalayanart.org/items/28"
        },
        {
          "title": "Tibetan Astro Sciences — Alexander Berzin",
          "url": "https://studybuddhism.com/en/advanced-studies/history-culture/tibetan-astrology/tibetan-astro-sciences"
        },
        {
          "title": "Tibetan Astrology and Karma — Alexander Berzin",
          "url": "https://studybuddhism.com/en/advanced-studies/history-culture/tibetan-astrology/tibetan-astrology-and-karma"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Chart: Protective Talisman, Rubin collection P1994.13.1 — Himalayan Art Resources",
        "url": "https://www.himalayanart.org/items/28"
      },
      {
        "title": "Tibetan Astro Sciences — Alexander Berzin",
        "url": "https://studybuddhism.com/en/advanced-studies/history-culture/tibetan-astrology/tibetan-astro-sciences"
      },
      {
        "title": "Tibetan Astrology and Karma — Alexander Berzin",
        "url": "https://studybuddhism.com/en/advanced-studies/history-culture/tibetan-astrology/tibetan-astrology-and-karma"
      }
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 37,
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "English category words with Tibetan transliterations.",
      "note": "Mewa renders sme-ba, the magic-square number; parkha renders spar-kha, a trigram designation. Element, animal, and overlay are explanatory English additions.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Alexander Berzin: Tibetan-English Glossary of Astrology Terms",
          "url": "https://studybuddhism.com/en/advanced-studies/history-culture/tibetan-astrology/tibetan-english-glossary-of-astrology-terms"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-regional-discovery",
    "term": "Regional Asian discovery",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "A research hub to separate Burmese, Thai, Balinese and other local practices as specific sources become available.",
    "category": "Wiki branches",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Editorial subject classification",
      "note": "“Regional Asian discovery” is a browsing category chosen for this atlas. Its child entries share a topic or practical connection. This grouping is not evidence that all of them descend from one historical lineage; transmission claims require separate sources.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "W3C: SKOS Reference",
          "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "W3C: SKOS Reference",
        "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Editorial browsing title.",
      "note": "Regional specifies organization by place; discovery describes the reader's exploration of less familiar systems. It does not claim these traditions were recently discovered or invented.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: regional",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/regional"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: discovery",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/discovery"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-system-52",
    "term": "Burmese Mahabote / Thai / Balinese pawukon / other regional systems",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "This is a regional discovery entry, not one astrological system.",
    "category": "System gateways",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "System-specific sources and conventions",
      "note": "This entry covers Burmese Mahabote / Thai / Balinese pawukon / other regional systems. Its cited texts document the methods or teachings being compared; any computed result depends on the stated inputs and rules. Historical attestation and reproducible arithmetic do not by themselves test a personal interpretation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Divination manual, Or 15351 — British Library",
          "url": "https://searcharchives.bl.uk/catalog/032-002404723"
        },
        {
          "title": "Museum Pawukon Sidorejo — Sidorejo village government, 2025",
          "url": "https://sidorejo-kulonprogo.desa.id/index.php/artikel/2025/07/18/museum-pawukon-sidorejo-menghidupkan-kembali-kearifan-lokal-melalui-sistem-wuku-jawa"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Divination manual, Or 15351 — British Library",
        "url": "https://searcharchives.bl.uk/catalog/032-002404723"
      },
      {
        "title": "Museum Pawukon Sidorejo — Sidorejo village government, 2025",
        "url": "https://sidorejo-kulonprogo.desa.id/index.php/artikel/2025/07/18/museum-pawukon-sidorejo-menghidupkan-kembali-kearifan-lokal-melalui-sistem-wuku-jawa"
      }
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 52,
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Regional labels and retained local method-names.",
      "note": "Burmese, Thai, and Balinese identify regions or cultures; Mahabote and pawukon retain local names. A dependable literal derivation of Mahabote is not established here.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Divination manual, Or 15351 — British Library",
          "url": "https://searcharchives.bl.uk/catalog/032-002404723"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-mesoamerican",
    "term": "Mesoamerican calendars & divination",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Living and historical calendrical traditions deserve their own community names and methods; they are not ancestors by default of modern calendar syntheses.",
    "category": "Wiki branches",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Editorial subject classification",
      "note": "“Mesoamerican calendars & divination” is a browsing category chosen for this atlas. Its child entries share a topic or practical connection. This grouping is not evidence that all of them descend from one historical lineage; transmission claims require separate sources.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Smithsonian NMAI: The Calendar System",
          "url": "https://maya.nmai.si.edu/calendar/calendar-system"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Smithsonian NMAI: The Calendar System",
        "url": "https://maya.nmai.si.edu/calendar/calendar-system"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Modern scholarly geographic compound.",
      "note": "Meso- means middle; Mesoamerican identifies a cultural region of the Americas. Calendars and divination describe the two kinds of practice grouped here.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: Mesoamerica",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Mesoamerica"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: divination",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/divination"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-maya-counts",
    "term": "Maya counts & calendar keeping",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Read the sacred count and the Haab, Long Count and Calendar Round as distinct connected structures.",
    "category": "Wiki branches",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Editorial subject classification",
      "note": "“Maya counts & calendar keeping” is a browsing category chosen for this atlas. Its child entries share a topic or practical connection. This grouping is not evidence that all of them descend from one historical lineage; transmission claims require separate sources.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Smithsonian NMAI: The Calendar System",
          "url": "https://maya.nmai.si.edu/calendar/calendar-system"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Smithsonian NMAI: The Calendar System",
        "url": "https://maya.nmai.si.edu/calendar/calendar-system"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Editorial cultural name and counting vocabulary.",
      "note": "Maya is the people/cultural designation; counts and calendar keeping emphasize maintained sequences of days. The title avoids treating every Mayan-language count as one identical word.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Smithsonian NMAI: Maya Calendar Converter",
          "url": "https://maya.nmai.si.edu/calendar/maya-calendar-converter"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-system-38",
    "term": "Maya Tzolk’in / Chol Q’ij",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "The 260-day sacred count is a living Maya tradition, not merely an archaeological curiosity.",
    "category": "System gateways",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "System-specific sources and conventions",
      "note": "This entry covers Maya Tzolk’in / Chol Q’ij. Its cited texts document the methods or teachings being compared; any computed result depends on the stated inputs and rules. Historical attestation and reproducible arithmetic do not by themselves test a personal interpretation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "The Calendar System — Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian",
          "url": "https://maya.nmai.si.edu/calendar/calendar-system"
        },
        {
          "title": "2012: Science and Prophecy of the Ancient Maya, Part 4 — Mark Van Stone / FAMSI",
          "url": "https://www.famsi.org/research/vanstone/2012/2012Part4.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "The Calendar System — Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian",
        "url": "https://maya.nmai.si.edu/calendar/calendar-system"
      },
      {
        "title": "2012: Science and Prophecy of the Ancient Maya, Part 4 — Mark Van Stone / FAMSI",
        "url": "https://www.famsi.org/research/vanstone/2012/2012Part4.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 38,
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Cultural designation with two Mayan-language names.",
      "note": "Tzolk’in is the Yucatec calendar-name and Chol Q’ij the K’iche’ name. Maya is the broader cultural label, not the language of one shared spelling.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Smithsonian NMAI: The Calendar System",
          "url": "https://maya.nmai.si.edu/calendar/calendar-system"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-system-39",
    "term": "Maya Haab / Long Count / Calendar Round",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "The Maya calendar combines cycles with a count of elapsed days.",
    "category": "System gateways",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "System-specific sources and conventions",
      "note": "This entry covers Maya Haab / Long Count / Calendar Round. Its cited texts document the methods or teachings being compared; any computed result depends on the stated inputs and rules. Historical attestation and reproducible arithmetic do not by themselves test a personal interpretation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Maya Calendar Converter — Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian",
          "url": "https://maya.nmai.si.edu/calendar/maya-calendar-converter"
        },
        {
          "title": "2012: Science and Prophecy of the Ancient Maya, Part 4 — Mark Van Stone / FAMSI",
          "url": "https://www.famsi.org/research/vanstone/2012/2012Part4.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Maya Calendar Converter — Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian",
        "url": "https://maya.nmai.si.edu/calendar/maya-calendar-converter"
      },
      {
        "title": "2012: Science and Prophecy of the Ancient Maya, Part 4 — Mark Van Stone / FAMSI",
        "url": "https://www.famsi.org/research/vanstone/2012/2012Part4.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 39,
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "A Maya name and two English scholarly labels.",
      "note": "Haab is the retained Maya calendar-name; Long Count and Calendar Round are English labels describing extended counting and cyclic combination.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Smithsonian NMAI: Maya Calendar Converter",
          "url": "https://maya.nmai.si.edu/calendar/maya-calendar-converter"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-mexica-regional-counts",
    "term": "Mexica & other regional counts",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Explore the Tonalpohualli and regional counts without assuming Maya names, correlations or interpretations apply unchanged.",
    "category": "Wiki branches",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Editorial subject classification",
      "note": "“Mexica & other regional counts” is a browsing category chosen for this atlas. Its child entries share a topic or practical connection. This grouping is not evidence that all of them descend from one historical lineage; transmission claims require separate sources.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "W3C: SKOS Reference",
          "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "W3C: SKOS Reference",
        "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "People-name with editorial English modifiers.",
      "note": "Mexica names the people associated with Mexico-Tenochtitlan; regional counts broadens comparison beyond that specific tradition. It is not a collective native calendar-title.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "INPI: La interpretación del Tonalpohualli, cuenta de los días o destinos",
          "url": "https://www.gob.mx/inpi/es/articulos/la-interpretacion-del-tonalpohualli-la-cuenta-de-los-dias-o-destinos?idiom=es"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-system-40",
    "term": "Aztec Tonalpohualli / other Mesoamerican counts",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "The Mexica tonalpohualli belongs to the wider Mesoamerican family of 260-day ritual counts.",
    "category": "System gateways",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "System-specific sources and conventions",
      "note": "This entry covers Aztec Tonalpohualli / other Mesoamerican counts. Its cited texts document the methods or teachings being compared; any computed result depends on the stated inputs and rules. Historical attestation and reproducible arithmetic do not by themselves test a personal interpretation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "The Mat and the Throne — Maarten Jansen and Gabina Aurora Perez Jimenez",
          "url": "https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/master/gdc/gdcebookspublic/20/19/66/79/84/2019667984/2019667984.pdf"
        },
        {
          "title": "AztecTonalpohualliCalendar — Stellarium",
          "url": "https://stellarium.org/doc/0.20/classAztecTonalpohualliCalendar.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "The Mat and the Throne — Maarten Jansen and Gabina Aurora Perez Jimenez",
        "url": "https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/master/gdc/gdcebookspublic/20/19/66/79/84/2019667984/2019667984.pdf"
      },
      {
        "title": "AztecTonalpohualliCalendar — Stellarium",
        "url": "https://stellarium.org/doc/0.20/classAztecTonalpohualliCalendar.html"
      }
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 40,
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Historical people-label and Nahuatl calendrical name.",
      "note": "Tonalpohualli is conventionally rendered count of days or destinies. Aztec is the broader historical label; other Mesoamerican counts is an editorial extension.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "INPI: La interpretación del Tonalpohualli, cuenta de los días o destinos",
          "url": "https://www.gob.mx/inpi/es/articulos/la-interpretacion-del-tonalpohualli-la-cuenta-de-los-dias-o-destinos?idiom=es"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-methods",
    "term": "Methods & applications",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Choose a question or construction, then inspect the schools and conventions that use it. Methods can connect across several traditions.",
    "category": "Wiki branches",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Editorial subject classification",
      "note": "“Methods & applications” is a browsing category chosen for this atlas. Its child entries share a topic or practical connection. This grouping is not evidence that all of them descend from one historical lineage; transmission claims require separate sources.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "W3C: SKOS Reference",
          "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "W3C: SKOS Reference",
        "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Editorial English functional title.",
      "note": "Method ultimately comes from Greek methodos, a way of inquiry; application concerns putting something to use. The phrase groups procedures by task.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: method",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/method"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: application",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/application"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-frames-transforms",
    "term": "Chart frames & transformations",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Derived longitudes and alternative coordinate or classification frames; each must disclose its calculation convention.",
    "category": "Wiki branches",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Editorial subject classification",
      "note": "“Chart frames & transformations” is a browsing category chosen for this atlas. Its child entries share a topic or practical connection. This grouping is not evidence that all of them descend from one historical lineage; transmission claims require separate sources.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "W3C: SKOS Reference",
          "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "W3C: SKOS Reference",
        "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Editorial mathematical title.",
      "note": "Frame names a reference structure; transformation means a change of form. The heading describes ways of re-expressing chart positions under a stated rule.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: frame",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/frame"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: transformation",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/transformation"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-system-6",
    "term": "Harmonic / vibrational approaches",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Modern harmonic astrology is closely associated with John Addey and later authors such as David Hamblin.",
    "category": "System gateways",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "System-specific sources and conventions",
      "note": "This entry covers Harmonic / vibrational approaches. Its cited texts document the methods or teachings being compared; any computed result depends on the stated inputs and rules. Historical attestation and reproducible arithmetic do not by themselves test a personal interpretation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "David Hamblin, The Importance of Harmonics",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/astrology/aa_article220307_e.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "David Hamblin, The Importance of Harmonics",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/astrology/aa_article220307_e.htm"
      }
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 6,
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Modern mathematical and physical metaphors.",
      "note": "Harmonic derives from harmony and proportional joining; vibrational derives from vibration, a shaking or oscillation. These are modern approach-labels, with school-specific meanings.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: harmony",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/harmony"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: vibration",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/vibration"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-system-7",
    "term": "Draconic",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Draconic astrology appears in modern practitioner literature associated with writers including Dennis Elwell and Pam Crane.",
    "category": "System gateways",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "System-specific sources and conventions",
      "note": "This entry covers Draconic. Its cited texts document the methods or teachings being compared; any computed result depends on the stated inputs and rules. Historical attestation and reproducible arithmetic do not by themselves test a personal interpretation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Victor Olliver, Draconic Astrology",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/astrology/tl_article220506_e.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Victor Olliver, Draconic Astrology",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/astrology/tl_article220506_e.htm"
      }
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 7,
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Greek/Latin dragon-derived adjective.",
      "note": "Draconic comes from draco, dragon. The chart frame's name recalls the lunar nodes' dragon-head and dragon-tail imagery.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: draconic",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/draconic"
        },
        {
          "title": "Astrodienst: practitioner explanation of draconic astrology",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/astrologia/tl_article220506_e.htm"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-system-48",
    "term": "Constellational /13-sign / Ophiuchus",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Constellational astrology uses actual sky regions or selected star patterns instead of twelve equal thirty-degree signs.",
    "category": "System gateways",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "System-specific sources and conventions",
      "note": "This entry covers Constellational /13-sign / Ophiuchus. Its cited texts document the methods or teachings being compared; any computed result depends on the stated inputs and rules. Historical attestation and reproducible arithmetic do not by themselves test a personal interpretation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "IAU: The Constellations",
          "url": "https://iauarchive.eso.org/public/themes/constellations/"
        },
        {
          "title": "IAU: Frequently Asked Questions",
          "url": "https://iauarchive.eso.org/public/faq/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Skyfield: Coordinates",
          "url": "https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/coordinates.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "IAU: The Constellations",
        "url": "https://iauarchive.eso.org/public/themes/constellations/"
      },
      {
        "title": "IAU: Frequently Asked Questions",
        "url": "https://iauarchive.eso.org/public/faq/"
      },
      {
        "title": "Skyfield: Coordinates",
        "url": "https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/coordinates.html"
      }
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 48,
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Descriptive chart labels and a Greek figure-name.",
      "note": "Constellational refers to constellations; 13-sign counts divisions; Ophiuchus is the serpent-bearer name. The title combines a method descriptor with one named constellation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: Ophiuchus",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Ophiuchus"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-sky-layers",
    "term": "Objects & sky layers",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Selected stars, minor bodies and deep-sky reference directions, with observation kept distinct from symbolic overlays.",
    "category": "Wiki branches",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Editorial subject classification",
      "note": "“Objects & sky layers” is a browsing category chosen for this atlas. Its child entries share a topic or practical connection. This grouping is not evidence that all of them descend from one historical lineage; transmission claims require separate sources.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "W3C: SKOS Reference",
          "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "W3C: SKOS Reference",
        "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Editorial English interface metaphor.",
      "note": "Objects names the selected celestial bodies; layers borrows the idea of stacked sheets to describe optional information added to a sky view.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: layer",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/layer"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-system-10",
    "term": "Fixed-star / Behenian / parans",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Fixed-star astrology contains multiple methods rather than one extra layer of zodiac degrees.",
    "category": "System gateways",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "System-specific sources and conventions",
      "note": "This entry covers Fixed-star / Behenian / parans. Its cited texts document the methods or teachings being compared; any computed result depends on the stated inputs and rules. Historical attestation and reproducible arithmetic do not by themselves test a personal interpretation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Zyntara Starlight features",
          "url": "https://zyntara.com/starlight/features/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Zyntara Starlight features",
        "url": "https://zyntara.com/starlight/features/"
      }
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 10,
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Historical labels with different linguistic histories.",
      "note": "Fixed-star is descriptive English; paran shortens paranatellonta. Behenian names a traditional selected-star group; an uncertain deeper derivation of Behenian is left unasserted.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: fixed star",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/fixed%20star"
        },
        {
          "title": "Deborah Houlding: Paran, Skyscript Glossary",
          "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/glossary/paran/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-system-11",
    "term": "Asteroid / centaur / dwarf-planet astrology",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Minor-body astrology expanded as observations and usable ephemerides made more objects accessible.",
    "category": "System gateways",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "System-specific sources and conventions",
      "note": "This entry covers Asteroid / centaur / dwarf-planet astrology. Its cited texts document the methods or teachings being compared; any computed result depends on the stated inputs and rules. Historical attestation and reproducible arithmetic do not by themselves test a personal interpretation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Demetra George, Asteroids and Mythic Astrology",
          "url": "https://demetra-george.com/pdf/Asteroids_Mythic_Astrology.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Demetra George, Asteroids and Mythic Astrology",
        "url": "https://demetra-george.com/pdf/Asteroids_Mythic_Astrology.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 11,
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Astronomical categories with classical and English names.",
      "note": "Asteroid means star-like; centaur borrows a mythological creature-name; dwarf planet is a descriptive modern category. Astrology names their interpretive application.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: asteroid",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/asteroid"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: centaur",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/centaur"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: dwarf",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/dwarf"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-system-46",
    "term": "Galactic / whole-sky astrology",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Galactic and whole-sky astrology extends astrological attention to objects beyond the familiar planets.",
    "category": "System gateways",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "System-specific sources and conventions",
      "note": "This entry covers Galactic / whole-sky astrology. Its cited texts document the methods or teachings being compared; any computed result depends on the stated inputs and rules. Historical attestation and reproducible arithmetic do not by themselves test a personal interpretation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Philip Sedgwick: Astrologer Biography",
          "url": "https://www.philipsedgwick.com/Bio/NewBioAstro.htm"
        },
        {
          "title": "Philip Sedgwick: The Great Attractor",
          "url": "https://www.philipsedgwick.com/Galactic/GreatAttractor.htm"
        },
        {
          "title": "Messier 87",
          "url": "https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/science/explore-the-night-sky/hubble-messier-catalog/messier-87/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Swiss Ephemeris Fixed-Object Catalogue",
          "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/aloistr/swisseph/master/ephe/sefstars.txt"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Philip Sedgwick: Astrologer Biography",
        "url": "https://www.philipsedgwick.com/Bio/NewBioAstro.htm"
      },
      {
        "title": "Philip Sedgwick: The Great Attractor",
        "url": "https://www.philipsedgwick.com/Galactic/GreatAttractor.htm"
      },
      {
        "title": "Messier 87",
        "url": "https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/science/explore-the-night-sky/hubble-messier-catalog/messier-87/"
      },
      {
        "title": "Swiss Ephemeris Fixed-Object Catalogue",
        "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/aloistr/swisseph/master/ephe/sefstars.txt"
      }
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 46,
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Classical-root adjective and transparent English compound.",
      "note": "Galactic derives from the Milky Way's milk-related Greek name; whole-sky expands the scope beyond a narrow zodiac band. These are descriptive modern approach-labels.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: galaxy",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/galaxy"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-places",
    "term": "Places & maps",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Relocation, astrocartography and Local Space use different geometric constructions.",
    "category": "Wiki branches",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Editorial subject classification",
      "note": "“Places & maps” is a browsing category chosen for this atlas. Its child entries share a topic or practical connection. This grouping is not evidence that all of them descend from one historical lineage; transmission claims require separate sources.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "W3C: SKOS Reference",
          "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "W3C: SKOS Reference",
        "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Editorial English navigation title.",
      "note": "Places names geographic locations, while maps names their graphic representations. The heading organizes techniques by where a chart is viewed or relocated.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: place",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/place"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: map",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/map"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-system-13",
    "term": "Locational / relocation / astrocartography / local-space",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Locational astrology predates its modern computerized maps.",
    "category": "System gateways",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Observer geometry and locational interpretation",
      "note": "Relocation keeps the instant and changes local axes; astrocartography maps angular positions, while local-space maps observer-based directions. Changing zodiac labels alone cannot move physical map lines. These geometries are testable; promises about a location’s personal effects are interpretive claims.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Skyfield: Coordinates — horizon and equatorial frames",
          "url": "https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/coordinates.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Astro Gold: Astro Locality Maps — mapping methods",
          "url": "https://www.astrogold.io/AG-MacOS-Help/astro_locality_maps.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Continuum and the Jim Lewis Slayden Foundation",
        "url": "https://continuumacg.net/about.html"
      }
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 13,
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Descriptive location vocabulary and modern method names.",
      "note": "Locational and relocation name place and changing place; Astro*Carto*Graphy is Jim Lewis's coined title; local space is Michael Erlewine's surrounding-space label.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Continuum: the Astro*Carto*Graphy name and Jim Lewis",
          "url": "https://continuumacg.net/trademark2.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Michael Erlewine: Local Space Astrology, Relocation",
          "url": "https://www.astrologysoftware.com/community/learn/articles/article_170.html"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-questions-applications",
    "term": "Questions, chosen times & applied topics",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Horary, electional and topic-specific approaches need separate rulebooks despite their shared tools.",
    "category": "Wiki branches",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Editorial subject classification",
      "note": "“Questions, chosen times & applied topics” is a browsing category chosen for this atlas. Its child entries share a topic or practical connection. This grouping is not evidence that all of them descend from one historical lineage; transmission claims require separate sources.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "W3C: SKOS Reference",
          "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "W3C: SKOS Reference",
        "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Editorial English task-based title.",
      "note": "Questions names inquiries, chosen times names selections, and applied topics names subject areas. The wording groups purposes without proposing a historical school-name.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: question",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/question"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: choose",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/choose"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-system-14",
    "term": "Horary / interrogations / Prashna",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Question-based approaches with distinct chart conventions and judgement rules. This gateway compares Western horary with named Indian Prashna approaches; the implemented worksheet is tropical Regiomontanus.",
    "category": "System gateways",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Question-based judgment in distinct traditions",
      "note": "Lilly weighs significators, dignities and aspects in Western question charts. Rao describes Tajaka combinations used in Prashna, an Indian approach with its own conventions. A Western Regiomontanus worksheet is therefore not a generic Prashna calculation; consistent rules make results reproducible without establishing that answers predict events.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "William Lilly: Christian Astrology (1647), pp. 101–112, original text",
          "url": "https://archive.org/stream/b30338724/b30338724_djvu.txt"
        },
        {
          "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao: Vedic Astrology, An Integrated Approach, chapter 29",
          "url": "https://www.vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "William Lilly, Christian Astrology",
        "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/CA/"
      }
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 14,
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin-derived labels alongside Sanskrit.",
      "note": "Horary derives from hora, hour; interrogation means asking; praśna means question. The combined title links several traditions' question-based vocabulary.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: horary",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/horary"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: interrogation",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/interrogation"
        },
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: praśna (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/171.html"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-system-15",
    "term": "Electional / Muhurta",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Electional astrology selects a proposed starting time for an activity.",
    "category": "System gateways",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "System-specific sources and conventions",
      "note": "This entry covers Electional / Muhurta. Its cited texts document the methods or teachings being compared; any computed result depends on the stated inputs and rules. Historical attestation and reproducible arithmetic do not by themselves test a personal interpretation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "John Frawley, Electional Astrology",
          "url": "https://direct.skyscript.co.uk/electional.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "John Frawley, Electional Astrology",
        "url": "https://direct.skyscript.co.uk/electional.html"
      }
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 15,
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin-derived adjective alongside Sanskrit.",
      "note": "Electional comes from election, a choosing; muhūrta names a moment or time interval. Both labels concern the selection of a suitable time.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: election",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/election"
        },
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: muhūrta (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/205.html"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-system-16",
    "term": "Mundane / ingress / financial / medical astrology",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Mundane astrology applies celestial symbolism to collective affairs.",
    "category": "System gateways",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "System-specific sources and conventions",
      "note": "This entry covers Mundane / ingress / financial / medical astrology. Its cited texts document the methods or teachings being compared; any computed result depends on the stated inputs and rules. Historical attestation and reproducible arithmetic do not by themselves test a personal interpretation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Ptolemy, Tetrabiblos II.10–13",
          "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Ptolemy/Tetrabiblos/2C%2A.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Ptolemy, Tetrabiblos II.10–13",
        "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Ptolemy/Tetrabiblos/2C%2A.html"
      }
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 16,
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Descriptive Latin-derived application names.",
      "note": "Mundane comes from mundus, world; ingress means entering. Financial and medical name subject areas, not separate etymological branches of astrology.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: mundane",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/mundane"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: ingress",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ingress"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-relationships",
    "term": "Relationships",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Compare two charts or construct a combined chart; synastry, composite and Davison methods differ.",
    "category": "Wiki branches",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Editorial subject classification",
      "note": "“Relationships” is a browsing category chosen for this atlas. Its child entries share a topic or practical connection. This grouping is not evidence that all of them descend from one historical lineage; transmission claims require separate sources.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "W3C: SKOS Reference",
          "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "W3C: SKOS Reference",
        "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Editorial English subject title.",
      "note": "Relationship grows from relation, connection or reference between things. The plural heading groups techniques comparing people and their chart factors.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: relationship",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/relationship"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-system-17",
    "term": "Synastry / midpoint composite / Davison",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Three relationship-chart methods: compare two natal charts, combine corresponding angular midpoints, or calculate an intermediate time-and-place chart.",
    "category": "System gateways",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Distinct chart constructions with practitioner interpretations",
      "note": "Each method has different inputs and geometry. Reproducible contacts or combined positions do not establish another person's feelings, the quality of a relationship or its future.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Astrodienst: Composite Chart, Midpoint-method",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/cgi/h.cgi?f=gch&h=gch621"
        },
        {
          "title": "Astrodienst: Davison Relationship Chart variants",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/cgi/h.cgi?f=gch&h=gch64&lang=e"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Astrodienst: Davison Relationship Chart variants",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/cgi/h.cgi?f=gch&h=gch64&lang=e"
      }
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 17,
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Greek comparison-word, English geometry, and an eponym.",
      "note": "Synastry uses together-star roots; midpoint composite describes putting halfway positions together; Davison names Ronald Davison. The three names identify different comparison constructions.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: synastry",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/synastry"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: composite",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/composite"
        },
        {
          "title": "Mona Riegger: Beyond Midlife, Appendix on astrological techniques",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/samples/in_hte.htm"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-timing",
    "term": "Timing methods",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Real sky changes, symbolic directions and period-ruler schedules are different ways of organizing time.",
    "category": "Wiki branches",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Editorial subject classification",
      "note": "“Timing methods” is a browsing category chosen for this atlas. Its child entries share a topic or practical connection. This grouping is not evidence that all of them descend from one historical lineage; transmission claims require separate sources.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "W3C: SKOS Reference",
          "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "W3C: SKOS Reference",
        "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Editorial English functional title.",
      "note": "Timing derives from time and refers to determining when something occurs. Here it names a family of chart-to-date procedures rather than one inherited doctrine.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: timing",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/timing"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-system-18",
    "term": "Transits / solar and lunar returns",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Transits compare a later sky with an earlier chart.",
    "category": "System gateways",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Two-epoch comparison and calculated returns",
      "note": "A transit snapshot measures relationships at a chosen instant; a return search locates a specified longitude crossing. Both depend on the stated reference. Their numerical reproducibility does not establish a forecast.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Astrodienst: Solar Return chart",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/cgi/h.cgi?f=gch&h=gch32&lang=e"
        },
        {
          "title": "Astrodienst: Lunar Return chart",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/cgi/h.cgi?f=gch&h=gch35&lang=e"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Astrodienst: Solar Return chart",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/cgi/h.cgi?f=gch&h=gch32&lang=e"
      },
      {
        "title": "Astrodienst: Lunar Return chart",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/cgi/h.cgi?f=gch&h=gch35&lang=e"
      }
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 18,
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin-derived motion words and English recurrence labels.",
      "note": "Transit means passage; solar and lunar mean of Sun and Moon; return means coming back. The wording describes movement to reference positions.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: transit",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/transit"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: solar",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/solar"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: lunar",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/lunar"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-system-19",
    "term": "Secondary progressions / solar arcs / primary directions",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Secondary progressions, solar arcs and primary directions are different timing constructions.",
    "category": "System gateways",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "System-specific sources and conventions",
      "note": "This entry covers Secondary progressions / solar arcs / primary directions. Its cited texts document the methods or teachings being compared; any computed result depends on the stated inputs and rules. Historical attestation and reproducible arithmetic do not by themselves test a personal interpretation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Astrodienst: chart types and progression conventions",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/faq/fq_fh_owtype_e.htm"
        },
        {
          "title": "Astrodienst: progressed angle alternatives",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/cgi/h.cgi?f=gch&h=gch246&lang=e"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Astrodienst: chart types and progression conventions",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/faq/fq_fh_owtype_e.htm"
      },
      {
        "title": "Astrodienst: progressed angle alternatives",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/cgi/h.cgi?f=gch&h=gch246&lang=e"
      }
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 19,
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Historical English technical phrases.",
      "note": "Progression names advancing; solar arc names the Sun's angular travel; direction names a directed displacement. Secondary and primary distinguish different timing conventions.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Astrodienst: chart types and progression conventions",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/faq/fq_fh_owtype_e.htm"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-system-20",
    "term": "Annual profections / zodiacal releasing / firdaria",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Annual profections and zodiacal releasing are associated with surviving Hellenistic material and its modern reconstruction.",
    "category": "System gateways",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "System-specific sources and conventions",
      "note": "This entry covers Annual profections / zodiacal releasing / firdaria. Its cited texts document the methods or teachings being compared; any computed result depends on the stated inputs and rules. Historical attestation and reproducible arithmetic do not by themselves test a personal interpretation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Chris Brennan, Annual Profections, Lots, and Zodiacal Releasing",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/astrology/tma_article190314_e.htm"
        },
        {
          "title": "Astrology and Astronomy in Iran",
          "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/astrology-and-astronomy-in-iran/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Chris Brennan, Annual Profections, Lots, and Zodiacal Releasing",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/astrology/tma_article190314_e.htm"
      },
      {
        "title": "Astrology and Astronomy in Iran",
        "url": "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/astrology-and-astronomy-in-iran/"
      }
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 20,
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Mixed historical timing terminology.",
      "note": "Profection means advancement and releasing is an English technique-name. Firdaria is a medieval period-system name; its deeper linguistic transmission is not settled here.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: profection",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/profection"
        },
        {
          "title": "Chris Brennan, Annual Profections, Lots, and Zodiacal Releasing",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/astrology/tma_article190314_e.htm"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-modern-adjacent",
    "term": "Modern syntheses & adjacent practices",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Modern authored systems, contemporary spiritual overlays and related symbolic practices. Authored synthesis can involve older ingredients without being their unchanged continuation.",
    "category": "Wiki branches",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Editorial subject classification",
      "note": "“Modern syntheses & adjacent practices” is a browsing category chosen for this atlas. Its child entries share a topic or practical connection. This grouping is not evidence that all of them descend from one historical lineage; transmission claims require separate sources.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: About Human Design",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/about-human-design"
        },
        {
          "title": "José Argüelles: 28 Meditations on the Law of Time, Meditation 7",
          "url": "https://www.lawoftime.org/pdfs/28-Meditations-on-the-Law-of-Time.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Jovian Archive: About Human Design",
        "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/about-human-design"
      },
      {
        "title": "José Argüelles: 28 Meditations on the Law of Time, Meditation 7",
        "url": "https://www.lawoftime.org/pdfs/28-Meditations-on-the-Law-of-Time.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Editorial comparative title.",
      "note": "Synthesis means putting together; adjacent means lying nearby. The heading groups modern combinations and neighboring practices without asserting common descent.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: synthesis",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/synthesis"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: adjacent",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/adjacent"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-human-design-family",
    "term": "Human Design & related systems",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Read the original system, its documented extensions and later reinterpretations with their authors identified.",
    "category": "Wiki branches",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Editorial subject classification",
      "note": "“Human Design & related systems” is a browsing category chosen for this atlas. Its child entries share a topic or practical connection. This grouping is not evidence that all of them descend from one historical lineage; transmission claims require separate sources.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: About Human Design",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/about-human-design"
        },
        {
          "title": "Richard Rudd: Hologenesis and the Sacred Wound",
          "url": "https://genekeys.com/articles/hologenesis-and-the-sacred-wound-the-story-behind-your-profile/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Jovian Archive: About Human Design",
        "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/about-human-design"
      },
      {
        "title": "Richard Rudd: Hologenesis and the Sacred Wound",
        "url": "https://genekeys.com/articles/hologenesis-and-the-sacred-wound-the-story-behind-your-profile/"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Modern system-name with an editorial family metaphor.",
      "note": "Human Design is Ra Uru Hu's title; family marks related authored systems. The grouping word does not make every member an authorized branch of the originating organization.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: The Mandala and the BodyGraph",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/the-mandala-and-the-bodygraph-in-human-design"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-system-42",
    "term": "Human Design / Rave astrology",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Human Design was introduced by the teacher known as Ra Uru Hu.",
    "category": "System gateways",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "System-specific sources and conventions",
      "note": "This entry covers Human Design / Rave astrology. Its cited texts document the methods or teachings being compared; any computed result depends on the stated inputs and rules. Historical attestation and reproducible arithmetic do not by themselves test a personal interpretation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "About Human Design",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/about-human-design"
        },
        {
          "title": "How a Human Design Chart Is Calculated",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/get-your-human-design-chart"
        },
        {
          "title": "Human Design Dictionary",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/human-design-dictionary"
        },
        {
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2015",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2015/summary/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "About Human Design",
        "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/about-human-design"
      },
      {
        "title": "How a Human Design Chart Is Calculated",
        "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/get-your-human-design-chart"
      },
      {
        "title": "Human Design Dictionary",
        "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/human-design-dictionary"
      },
      {
        "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2015",
        "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2015/summary/"
      }
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 42,
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Modern authored system names.",
      "note": "Human Design is Ra Uru Hu's English title; Rave is his distinctive vocabulary. Rave astrology is a system-associated label, not an ancient language-name.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "About Human Design",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/about-human-design"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-system-43",
    "term": "Gene Keys / Golden Path / expanded spheres",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Richard Rudd describes Gene Keys as emerging from his study with Ra Uru Hu and years of contemplation of the sixty-four hexagrams.",
    "category": "System gateways",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "System-specific sources and conventions",
      "note": "This entry covers Gene Keys / Golden Path / expanded spheres. Its cited texts document the methods or teachings being compared; any computed result depends on the stated inputs and rules. Historical attestation and reproducible arithmetic do not by themselves test a personal interpretation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Richard Rudd: Hologenesis and the Sacred Wound",
          "url": "https://genekeys.com/articles/hologenesis-and-the-sacred-wound-the-story-behind-your-profile/"
        },
        {
          "title": "What planets does each Sphere correlate to?",
          "url": "https://genekeys.com/docs/what-planets-does-each-sphere-of-the-golden-path-profile-correlate-to/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Richard Rudd: Hologenesis and the Sacred Wound",
        "url": "https://genekeys.com/articles/hologenesis-and-the-sacred-wound-the-story-behind-your-profile/"
      },
      {
        "title": "What planets does each Sphere correlate to?",
        "url": "https://genekeys.com/docs/what-planets-does-each-sphere-of-the-golden-path-profile-correlate-to/"
      }
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 43,
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Modern authored English titles and geometric metaphor.",
      "note": "Gene Keys joins biological gene with the unlocking-key metaphor; Golden Path names a curriculum; spheres uses circular-form vocabulary for themes. Expanded is an editorial qualifier.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Richard Rudd: Gene Keys, a simple introduction",
          "url": "https://genekeys.com/articles/gene-keys-a-simple-introduction/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Richard Rudd: The Glossary of Empowerment",
          "url": "https://genekeys.com/the-glossary-of-empowerment/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-system-44",
    "term": "Quantum Human Design",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Quantum Human Design is Karen Curry Parker’s contemporary reinterpretation of Human Design.",
    "category": "System gateways",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "System-specific sources and conventions",
      "note": "This entry covers Quantum Human Design. Its cited texts document the methods or teachings being compared; any computed result depends on the stated inputs and rules. Historical attestation and reproducible arithmetic do not by themselves test a personal interpretation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Karen Curry Parker: What is Quantum Human Design?",
          "url": "https://quantumhumandesign.com/what-is-quantum-human-design/"
        },
        {
          "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2015",
          "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2015/summary/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Karen Curry Parker: What is Quantum Human Design?",
        "url": "https://quantumhumandesign.com/what-is-quantum-human-design/"
      },
      {
        "title": "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2015",
        "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2015/summary/"
      }
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 44,
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Modern coined title by Karen Curry Parker.",
      "note": "Quantum Human Design extends the Human Design name with quantum. Parker describes creating the title for her revised vocabulary and approach; quantum is part of that branding.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Karen Curry Parker: What is Quantum Human Design?",
          "url": "https://quantumhumandesign.com/what-is-quantum-human-design/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-system-45",
    "term": "BG5 / Penta / DreamRave / animal-plant design",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "BG5, Penta, DreamRave and the Design of Forms are extensions within Ra Uru Hu’s teaching corpus.",
    "category": "System gateways",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "System-specific sources and conventions",
      "note": "This entry covers BG5 / Penta / DreamRave / animal-plant design. Its cited texts document the methods or teachings being compared; any computed result depends on the stated inputs and rules. Historical attestation and reproducible arithmetic do not by themselves test a personal interpretation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Extended Human Design Studies",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/extended"
        },
        {
          "title": "Human Design Dictionary",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/human-design-dictionary"
        },
        {
          "title": "BG5 Business Consultant Certification Curriculum",
          "url": "https://bg5businessinstitute.com/p/curriculum---bg5-certification"
        },
        {
          "title": "Understanding Dreams with Human Design",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/understanding-dreams-with-human-design"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Extended Human Design Studies",
        "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/extended"
      },
      {
        "title": "Human Design Dictionary",
        "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/human-design-dictionary"
      },
      {
        "title": "BG5 Business Consultant Certification Curriculum",
        "url": "https://bg5businessinstitute.com/p/curriculum---bg5-certification"
      },
      {
        "title": "Understanding Dreams with Human Design",
        "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/understanding-dreams-with-human-design"
      }
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 45,
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Modern program-names and explanatory labels.",
      "note": "BG5 is a business-program identifier; Penta uses the Greek five-prefix; DreamRave joins dream to Rave. Animal-plant design is an English description of the form-related teachings.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Extended Human Design Studies",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/extended"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: penta-",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/penta-"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-authored-calendars",
    "term": "Authored calendar syntheses",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Modern calendrical constructions have identifiable authors and protocols; distinguish them from living Indigenous calendar traditions.",
    "category": "Wiki branches",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Editorial subject classification",
      "note": "“Authored calendar syntheses” is a browsing category chosen for this atlas. Its child entries share a topic or practical connection. This grouping is not evidence that all of them descend from one historical lineage; transmission claims require separate sources.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "José Argüelles: 28 Meditations on the Law of Time, Meditation 7",
          "url": "https://www.lawoftime.org/pdfs/28-Meditations-on-the-Law-of-Time.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "José Argüelles: 28 Meditations on the Law of Time, Meditation 7",
        "url": "https://www.lawoftime.org/pdfs/28-Meditations-on-the-Law-of-Time.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Editorial English classification.",
      "note": "Authored identifies named creators; calendar synthesis means a constructed combination of calendrical ideas. The title distinguishes authorship without suggesting a particular ancient-language name.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: author",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/author"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: synthesis",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/synthesis"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-system-41",
    "term": "Dreamspell /13 Moon / Galactic Signature",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Dreamspell is a modern creation associated with José and Lloydine Argüelles, developed around 1990–1991.",
    "category": "System gateways",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "System-specific sources and conventions",
      "note": "This entry covers Dreamspell /13 Moon / Galactic Signature. Its cited texts document the methods or teachings being compared; any computed result depends on the stated inputs and rules. Historical attestation and reproducible arithmetic do not by themselves test a personal interpretation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "José Argüelles, 28 Meditations on the Law of Time, Meditation 7",
          "url": "https://www.lawoftime.org/pdfs/28-Meditations-on-the-Law-of-Time.pdf"
        },
        {
          "title": "Dreamspell Genesis",
          "url": "https://www.lawoftime.org/timeshipearth/dreamspell.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Distinguishing Dreamspell from the Traditional Mayan Calendar",
          "url": "https://www.13moon.com/not_the_mayan_calendar.htm"
        },
        {
          "title": "The Calendar System",
          "url": "https://maya.nmai.si.edu/calendar/calendar-system"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "José Argüelles, 28 Meditations on the Law of Time, Meditation 7",
        "url": "https://www.lawoftime.org/pdfs/28-Meditations-on-the-Law-of-Time.pdf"
      },
      {
        "title": "Dreamspell Genesis",
        "url": "https://www.lawoftime.org/timeshipearth/dreamspell.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Distinguishing Dreamspell from the Traditional Mayan Calendar",
        "url": "https://www.13moon.com/not_the_mayan_calendar.htm"
      },
      {
        "title": "The Calendar System",
        "url": "https://maya.nmai.si.edu/calendar/calendar-system"
      }
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 41,
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Modern authored calendar-names.",
      "note": "Dreamspell combines dream and spell; 13 Moon counts the named periods; Galactic Signature uses a celestial identity metaphor. These are the synthesis's English labels.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Foundation for the Law of Time: Dreamspell Genesis",
          "url": "https://lawoftime.org/timeshipearth/dreamspell.html"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-spiritual-overlays",
    "term": "Contemporary spiritual overlays",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Attribute soul-origin and related narratives to their sources; astronomical contacts do not establish those identities.",
    "category": "Wiki branches",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Editorial subject classification",
      "note": "“Contemporary spiritual overlays” is a browsing category chosen for this atlas. Its child entries share a topic or practical connection. This grouping is not evidence that all of them descend from one historical lineage; transmission claims require separate sources.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "W3C: SKOS Reference",
          "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "W3C: SKOS Reference",
        "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Editorial English interpretive label.",
      "note": "Spiritual concerns spirit; overlay borrows the image of a layer placed upon another. The title describes added interpretive frameworks.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: spiritual",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/spiritual"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: overlay",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/overlay"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-system-47",
    "term": "Starseed / soul-origin / Arcturian-Pleiadian overlays",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "This registry label groups contemporary spiritual soul-origin interpretations rather than a single documented school with a standard founder or algorithm.",
    "category": "System gateways",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "System-specific sources and conventions",
      "note": "This entry covers Starseed / soul-origin / Arcturian-Pleiadian overlays. Its cited texts document the methods or teachings being compared; any computed result depends on the stated inputs and rules. Historical attestation and reproducible arithmetic do not by themselves test a personal interpretation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Seven Sisters Get WISE",
          "url": "https://science.nasa.gov/photojournal/seven-sisters-get-wise/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Swiss Ephemeris Fixed-Object Catalogue",
          "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/aloistr/swisseph/master/ephe/sefstars.txt"
        },
        {
          "title": "Philip Sedgwick: Astrologer Biography",
          "url": "https://www.philipsedgwick.com/Bio/NewBioAstro.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Seven Sisters Get WISE",
        "url": "https://science.nasa.gov/photojournal/seven-sisters-get-wise/"
      },
      {
        "title": "Swiss Ephemeris Fixed-Object Catalogue",
        "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/aloistr/swisseph/master/ephe/sefstars.txt"
      },
      {
        "title": "Philip Sedgwick: Astrologer Biography",
        "url": "https://www.philipsedgwick.com/Bio/NewBioAstro.htm"
      }
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 47,
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Modern spiritual compounds using astronomical names.",
      "note": "Starseed joins star and seed; soul-origin is descriptive English. Arcturian and Pleiadian derive from Arcturus and the Pleiades; their spiritual use is a later naming layer.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: Arcturus",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Arcturus"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: Pleiades",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Pleiades"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-symbolic-adjacent",
    "term": "Related symbolic practices",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Numerology, tarot correspondences and birthday hexagrams have different histories and require explicitly chosen protocols.",
    "category": "Wiki branches",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Editorial subject classification",
      "note": "“Related symbolic practices” is a browsing category chosen for this atlas. Its child entries share a topic or practical connection. This grouping is not evidence that all of them descend from one historical lineage; transmission claims require separate sources.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "W3C: SKOS Reference",
          "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "W3C: SKOS Reference",
        "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Editorial English comparative title.",
      "note": "Symbolic refers to representation through symbols; adjacent means nearby. The heading names neighboring practices in the atlas's browsing structure.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: symbolic",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/symbolic"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: adjacent",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/adjacent"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "wiki-system-51",
    "term": "Numerology / tarot-astrology / I Ching birthday overlays",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "Numerology, tarot correspondences and I Ching birthday overlays have different histories and should not be presented as one ancient science.",
    "category": "System gateways",
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "System-specific sources and conventions",
      "note": "This entry covers Numerology / tarot-astrology / I Ching birthday overlays. Its cited texts document the methods or teachings being compared; any computed result depends on the stated inputs and rules. Historical attestation and reproducible arithmetic do not by themselves test a personal interpretation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Tim Husband: Before Fortune-Telling, the History and Structure of Tarot Cards",
          "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/pt/perspectives/tarot-2"
        },
        {
          "title": "V&A: A History of Tarot Cards",
          "url": "https://www.vam.ac.uk/articles/tarot-cards"
        },
        {
          "title": "Chinese Philosophy of Change (Yijing)",
          "url": "https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/chinese-change/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Joseph A. Adler: What Is the Yijing?",
          "url": "https://academic.oup.com/book/41418/chapter-abstract/352738571"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Tim Husband: Before Fortune-Telling, the History and Structure of Tarot Cards",
        "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/pt/perspectives/tarot-2"
      },
      {
        "title": "V&A: A History of Tarot Cards",
        "url": "https://www.vam.ac.uk/articles/tarot-cards"
      },
      {
        "title": "Chinese Philosophy of Change (Yijing)",
        "url": "https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/chinese-change/"
      },
      {
        "title": "Joseph A. Adler: What Is the Yijing?",
        "url": "https://academic.oup.com/book/41418/chapter-abstract/352738571"
      }
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 51,
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Mixed modern compound labels and a Chinese book-title.",
      "note": "Numerology joins number vocabulary with -logy; tarot is a French card-name with uncertain deeper origin; I Ching is an older romanization of Yijing, Book of Changes.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: numerology",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/numerology"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: tarot",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/tarot"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: I Ching",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/I%20Ching"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "chinese-phase-wood",
    "term": "Wood phase",
    "aliases": [
      "Yin Wood",
      "Yang Wood"
    ],
    "definition": "In BaZi’s Five Phases, Wood corresponds to Jia (甲, Yang Wood) and Yi (乙, Yin Wood).",
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Joey Yap: Five Phases and the ten Day Masters (practitioner account)",
        "url": "https://home.joeyyap.com/article/bazi/what-is-bazi-astrology-a-beginners-complete-guide/"
      },
      {
        "title": "Hong Kong Observatory: Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Growth symbolism and calendar convention",
      "note": "Growth imagery supplies a symbolic analogy; Jia/Yi assignments follow calendar rules. Neither directly measures a person’s adaptability or capacity to develop.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Joey Yap: Five Phases and the ten Day Masters (practitioner account)",
          "url": "https://home.joeyyap.com/article/bazi/what-is-bazi-astrology-a-beginners-complete-guide/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Hong Kong Observatory: Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "English translation of Chinese mù, 木.",
      "note": "Wood names tree or timber; phase places that material image within the wǔxíng classification. It is a translated category-name.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Religious Daoism, five-agent names",
          "url": "https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2016/entries/daoism-religion/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "chinese-phase-fire",
    "term": "Fire phase",
    "aliases": [
      "Yin Fire",
      "Yang Fire"
    ],
    "definition": "In BaZi’s Five Phases, Fire corresponds to Bing (丙, Yang Fire) and Ding (丁, Yin Fire).",
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Joey Yap: Five Phases and the ten Day Masters (practitioner account)",
        "url": "https://home.joeyyap.com/article/bazi/what-is-bazi-astrology-a-beginners-complete-guide/"
      },
      {
        "title": "Hong Kong Observatory: Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Expression symbolism and polarity convention",
      "note": "Bing/Ding distinguish polarity within one phase. Fire’s expressive symbolism does not measure enthusiasm, body temperature or a physical energy output.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Joey Yap: Five Phases and the ten Day Masters (practitioner account)",
          "url": "https://home.joeyyap.com/article/bazi/what-is-bazi-astrology-a-beginners-complete-guide/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Hong Kong Observatory: Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "English translation of Chinese huǒ, 火.",
      "note": "Fire names flame or burning; phase marks its use as a changing-process category within wǔxíng.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Religious Daoism, five-agent names",
          "url": "https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2016/entries/daoism-religion/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "chinese-phase-earth",
    "term": "Earth phase",
    "aliases": [
      "Yin Earth",
      "Yang Earth"
    ],
    "definition": "In BaZi’s Five Phases, Earth corresponds to Wu (戊, Yang Earth) and Ji (己, Yin Earth).",
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Joey Yap: Five Phases and the ten Day Masters (practitioner account)",
        "url": "https://home.joeyyap.com/article/bazi/what-is-bazi-astrology-a-beginners-complete-guide/"
      },
      {
        "title": "Hong Kong Observatory: Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Stability symbolism and phase convention",
      "note": "Wu/Ji are phase labels derived from the chart. Earth here is neither the planet nor soil, and does not establish psychological stability.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Joey Yap: Five Phases and the ten Day Masters (practitioner account)",
          "url": "https://home.joeyyap.com/article/bazi/what-is-bazi-astrology-a-beginners-complete-guide/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Hong Kong Observatory: Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "English translation of Chinese tǔ, 土.",
      "note": "Earth here means soil or ground. Phase distinguishes this traditional category-name from the planet Earth.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Religious Daoism, five-agent names",
          "url": "https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2016/entries/daoism-religion/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "chinese-phase-metal",
    "term": "Metal phase",
    "aliases": [
      "Yin Metal",
      "Yang Metal"
    ],
    "definition": "In BaZi’s Five Phases, Metal corresponds to Geng (庚, Yang Metal) and Xin (辛, Yin Metal).",
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Joey Yap: Five Phases and the ten Day Masters (practitioner account)",
        "url": "https://home.joeyyap.com/article/bazi/what-is-bazi-astrology-a-beginners-complete-guide/"
      },
      {
        "title": "Hong Kong Observatory: Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Analytical symbolism and polarity convention",
      "note": "Geng/Xin classify polarity; their analytical symbolism is interpretive. A Metal count is not a measure of intelligence or metal in the body.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Joey Yap: Five Phases and the ten Day Masters (practitioner account)",
          "url": "https://home.joeyyap.com/article/bazi/what-is-bazi-astrology-a-beginners-complete-guide/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Hong Kong Observatory: Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "English translation of Chinese jīn, 金.",
      "note": "Jīn can mean metal or gold; metal is the broader English rendering used for this wǔxíng category.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Religious Daoism, five-agent names",
          "url": "https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2016/entries/daoism-religion/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "chinese-phase-water",
    "term": "Water phase",
    "aliases": [
      "Yin Water",
      "Yang Water"
    ],
    "definition": "In BaZi’s Five Phases, Water corresponds to Ren (壬, Yang Water) and Gui (癸, Yin Water).",
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Joey Yap: Five Phases and the ten Day Masters (practitioner account)",
        "url": "https://home.joeyyap.com/article/bazi/what-is-bazi-astrology-a-beginners-complete-guide/"
      },
      {
        "title": "Hong Kong Observatory: Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Fluidity symbolism and polarity convention",
      "note": "Ren/Gui specify polarity within the model. Associations with fluidity or intelligence do not measure cognitive ability, emotional depth or bodily water.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Joey Yap: Five Phases and the ten Day Masters (practitioner account)",
          "url": "https://home.joeyyap.com/article/bazi/what-is-bazi-astrology-a-beginners-complete-guide/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Hong Kong Observatory: Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "English translation of Chinese shuǐ, 水.",
      "note": "Water names the familiar fluid; phase identifies its role as one category in the traditional fivefold process scheme.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Religious Daoism, five-agent names",
          "url": "https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2016/entries/daoism-religion/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "circumpolarity",
    "term": "Circumpolarity",
    "aliases": [
      "circumpolar",
      "circumpolar star",
      "circumpolar stars"
    ],
    "definition": "The condition in which a body’s daily path remains above the horizon at a specified location, instead of rising and setting.",
    "category": "Astronomy & coordinates",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Skyfield: Almanac Computation — meridian transits and polar conditions",
        "url": "https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/almanac.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Latitude-dependent astronomical geometry",
      "note": "Latitude, declination and the horizon model determine this condition. A body near the opposite celestial pole can instead remain below the horizon without rising.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Skyfield: Almanac Computation — meridian transits and polar conditions",
          "url": "https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/almanac.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin-prefix astronomical compound.",
      "note": "Circum- means around and polar refers to a pole. The noun names the condition of remaining around a celestial pole without setting.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: circumpolar",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/circumpolar"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "meridian-transit",
    "term": "Meridian transit",
    "aliases": [
      "meridian transits",
      "upper transit",
      "lower transit",
      "upper culmination",
      "lower culmination"
    ],
    "definition": "A body’s crossing of the observer’s meridian, at upper or lower transit on opposite sides of the celestial pole; alignment does not imply visibility.",
    "category": "Astronomy & coordinates",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Skyfield: Almanac Computation — meridian transits and polar conditions",
        "url": "https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/almanac.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Earth-rotation geometry",
      "note": "Both crossings can occur below the horizon, or above it for a circumpolar body. Upper transit need not be overhead or exactly coincide with maximum altitude.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Skyfield: Almanac Computation — meridian transits and polar conditions",
          "url": "https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/almanac.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin-derived astronomical phrase.",
      "note": "Meridian comes from meridies, midday; transit means crossing. The phrase names passage across the observer's north–south celestial circle.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: meridian",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/meridian"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: transit",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/transit"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "atmospheric-refraction",
    "term": "Atmospheric refraction",
    "aliases": [
      "refraction"
    ],
    "definition": "The bending of light by Earth’s atmosphere, which shifts a celestial body’s apparent direction and usually makes it appear higher above the horizon.",
    "category": "Astronomy & coordinates",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Skyfield: Positions — local altitude, azimuth and atmospheric refraction",
        "url": "https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/positions.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Physical optical effect and atmospheric model",
      "note": "A correction estimates the shift using atmospheric conditions. Geometric altitude omits it; a standard pressure and temperature cannot reproduce every actual sighting precisely.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Skyfield: Positions — local altitude, azimuth and atmospheric refraction",
          "url": "https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/positions.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Greek and Latin scientific vocabulary.",
      "note": "Atmosphere combines vapor and sphere; refraction comes from refringere, to break back. The optical term names bending at a medium change.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: atmosphere",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/atmosphere"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: refract",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/refract"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "local-horizon",
    "term": "Local horizon",
    "aliases": [
      "local horizons"
    ],
    "definition": "The observer’s horizontal reference plane, perpendicular to the local vertical; in horizon coordinates it supplies the zero level for altitude.",
    "category": "Astronomy & coordinates",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Skyfield: Positions — local altitude, azimuth and atmospheric refraction",
        "url": "https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/positions.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Observer-based coordinate reference",
      "note": "The reference depends on the observer’s position. A calculated zero-altitude direction belongs to this idealized frame; it does not describe every obstruction in the visible skyline.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Skyfield: Positions — local altitude, azimuth and atmospheric refraction",
          "url": "https://rhodesmill.org/skyfield/positions.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin-derived modifier and Greek-derived noun.",
      "note": "Horizon comes from Greek horizōn, bounding or defining. Local specifies the observer's own dividing plane between visible and hidden sky.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: horizon",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/horizon"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "domicile",
    "term": "Domicile",
    "aliases": [
      "domicile rulership",
      "in domicile"
    ],
    "definition": "A zodiac sign traditionally assigned to a planet as its own domain; a planet is in domicile when it occupies one of those signs.",
    "category": "Horary & traditional technique",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "William Lilly: Christian Astrology (1647), p. 101, original text",
        "url": "https://archive.org/stream/b30338724/b30338724_djvu.txt"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Traditional sign-rulership convention",
      "note": "This sign-rulership convention differs from numbered house placement. Lilly counts it as essential dignity, but favorable testimony within a tradition does not demonstrate a successful real-world outcome.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "William Lilly: Christian Astrology (1647), p. 101, original text",
          "url": "https://archive.org/stream/b30338724/b30338724_djvu.txt"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin through French.",
      "note": "Domicilium means dwelling place or home. Astrology adopts the home metaphor for a planet's own sign.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: domicile",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/domicile"
        }
      ]
    },
    "related": [
      "lord-of-the-year",
      "annual-profection",
      "planet",
      "zodiac-sign",
      "whole-sign-houses",
      "accidental-dignity"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "exaltation",
    "term": "Exaltation",
    "aliases": [
      "in exaltation"
    ],
    "definition": "A traditional essential dignity assigned to a planet in a particular sign. Lilly applies it throughout that sign, not only at the listed degree of exaltation.",
    "category": "Horary & traditional technique",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "William Lilly: Christian Astrology (1647), p. 102, original text",
        "url": "https://archive.org/stream/b30338724/b30338724_djvu.txt"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Historical dignity assignment",
      "note": "The designation expresses an inherited evaluative rule, not physical height above the horizon. Its symbolic status cannot establish superior character or override the other conditions in a chart.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "William Lilly: Christian Astrology (1647), p. 102, original text",
          "url": "https://archive.org/stream/b30338724/b30338724_djvu.txt"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin-derived noun.",
      "note": "From exaltare, to lift high, with altus, high. The traditional dignity name uses a metaphor of elevation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: exalt",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/exalt"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "detriment",
    "term": "Detriment",
    "aliases": [
      "in detriment"
    ],
    "definition": "A traditional debility assigned when a planet occupies a sign opposite one of its domiciles; Venus in Aries is an example in Lilly’s table.",
    "category": "Horary & traditional technique",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "William Lilly: Christian Astrology (1647), p. 105, original text",
        "url": "https://archive.org/stream/b30338724/b30338724_djvu.txt"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Opposition within a rulership scheme",
      "note": "Opposition to an assigned domicile determines this label, not a physical injury to the planet. Its interpretation describes conventional testimony rather than proving harm, incompetence or a failed outcome.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "William Lilly: Christian Astrology (1647), p. 105, original text",
          "url": "https://archive.org/stream/b30338724/b30338724_djvu.txt"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin through French.",
      "note": "Detrimentum meant loss or damage, from a verb meaning wear away. The traditional classification adopts that diminished-standing vocabulary.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: detriment",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/detriment"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "planetary-fall",
    "term": "Planetary fall",
    "aliases": [
      "in fall"
    ],
    "definition": "A traditional debility assigned in the sign opposite a planet’s exaltation sign; it is distinct from detriment, which is opposite domicile.",
    "category": "Horary & traditional technique",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "William Lilly: Christian Astrology (1647), p. 105, original text",
        "url": "https://archive.org/stream/b30338724/b30338724_djvu.txt"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Opposition within an exaltation scheme",
      "note": "The condition follows a zodiacal table rather than a body’s downward motion or the autumn season. Its name does not establish moral failure or make an adverse judgment inevitable.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "William Lilly: Christian Astrology (1647), p. 105, original text",
          "url": "https://archive.org/stream/b30338724/b30338724_djvu.txt"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Ordinary English word used as a status metaphor.",
      "note": "Fall supplies the downward counterpart to exaltation's elevation. Planetary specifies whose traditional dignity status is being described.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: fall",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/fall"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "planetary-moiety",
    "term": "Planetary moiety",
    "aliases": [
      "planetary moieties"
    ],
    "definition": "Half of a planet’s adopted orb. In a pairwise moiety calculation, the two halves are added to set the tolerated deviation from an exact aspect.",
    "category": "Horary & traditional technique",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "William Lilly: Christian Astrology (1647), pp. 107 and 110, original text",
        "url": "https://archive.org/stream/b30338724/b30338724_djvu.txt"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Traditional angular tolerance convention",
      "note": "The arithmetic is reproducible once the orb table is declared. Lilly records alternative values; the resulting tolerance is a traditional selection rule rather than a measured radius of influence.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "William Lilly: Christian Astrology (1647), pp. 107 and 110, original text",
          "url": "https://archive.org/stream/b30338724/b30338724_djvu.txt"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "French through Middle English, with Latin roots.",
      "note": "Moiety means a half or portion, from Latin medietas. The aspect rule uses a half-share of a planet's orb.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: moiety",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/moiety"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "peregrine",
    "term": "Peregrine",
    "aliases": [
      "peregrine planet",
      "peregrine planets"
    ],
    "definition": "A planet with none of the five essential dignities at its position: domicile, exaltation, triplicity, term or face, under the selected tables and day/night rules.",
    "category": "Horary & traditional technique",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "William Lilly: Christian Astrology (1647), p. 112, original text",
        "url": "https://archive.org/stream/b30338724/b30338724_djvu.txt"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Absence of assigned essential dignity",
      "note": "This condition requires checking all five essential dignities under the selected table, including the applicable day/night rule for triplicity. Absence of domicile or exaltation alone cannot prove peregrine; the historical category is not evidence of dishonesty, social exclusion, or a person’s worth.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "William Lilly: Christian Astrology (1647), p. 112, original text",
          "url": "https://archive.org/stream/b30338724/b30338724_djvu.txt"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin through French.",
      "note": "Peregrinus means foreign or from abroad. A planet without essential dignity is described through the metaphor of a stranger away from home.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: peregrine",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/peregrine"
        }
      ]
    },
    "related": [
      "essential-dignity",
      "bound",
      "astrological-face",
      "reception"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "vargottama",
    "term": "Vargottama",
    "aliases": [
      "vargotamma"
    ],
    "definition": "A planet or Lagna occupies the same zodiac sign in the D1 rashi chart and D9 navamsha chart.",
    "category": "Jyotish & derived charts",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Komilla Sutton and Connie Achilles: Vargottama Basics",
        "url": "https://komilla.com/lib-vargotamma-numbers-panchamahabhuta.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Traditional Jyotish classification",
      "note": "The same-sign match is reproducible from the chosen chart settings. Practitioners give it interpretive weight, but matching signs alone do not establish strength, favourable outcomes or freedom from other difficult conditions.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Komilla Sutton and Connie Achilles: Vargottama Basics",
          "url": "https://komilla.com/lib-vargotamma-numbers-panchamahabhuta.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit compound: vargottama.",
      "note": "Varga means class or division and uttama highest or best; the compound names the specially valued matching divisional placement.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: vargottama (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/229.html"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "node-relative-frame",
    "term": "Node-relative frame",
    "aliases": [
      "node-relative zodiac",
      "nodal-reference frame"
    ],
    "definition": "A longitude frame measured from a chosen lunar node. In the usual draconic convention, the North Node becomes 0° Aries.",
    "category": "Astrological coordinates",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "María Blaquier: Draconic Astrology",
        "url": "https://mariablaquier.com/draconic-astrology/"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Coordinate convention with symbolic interpretation",
      "note": "Subtracting the same node longitude preserves angular separations. Mean and true nodes give different offsets. Claims about underlying motivations belong to the interpretive method; the rotation does not measure a soul or past life.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "María Blaquier: Draconic Astrology",
          "url": "https://mariablaquier.com/draconic-astrology/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Descriptive mathematical compound.",
      "note": "Node names the orbital crossing and relative means referenced to it; frame names the coordinate convention used for the comparison.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: node",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/node"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: relative",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/relative"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "draconic-to-natal-contact",
    "term": "Draconic-to-natal contact",
    "aliases": [
      "draconic-to-natal contacts",
      "draconic-to-tropical contact",
      "draconic-to-tropical contacts"
    ],
    "definition": "An angular relationship between a position in a draconic chart and a position in the unrotated natal chart.",
    "category": "Astrological comparison methods",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "María Blaquier: Draconic Chart Interpretation",
        "url": "https://draconicchart.com/draconic-chart-interpretation"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Practitioner comparison convention",
      "note": "Specify the natal zodiac, node and orb. Blaquier's method focuses on conjunctions and oppositions within 3°. Interpreting these as inner motivations is her symbolic approach, rather than a conclusion established by the angular measurement.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "María Blaquier: Draconic Chart Interpretation",
          "url": "https://draconicchart.com/draconic-chart-interpretation"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Modern descriptive comparison label.",
      "note": "Draconic recalls dragon-named lunar nodes; natal means of birth. Contact labels the angular meeting across these two chart frames.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: draconic",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/draconic"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: natal",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/natal"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "navamsha-lagna",
    "term": "Navamsha Lagna",
    "aliases": [
      "Navamsa Lagna",
      "D9 Lagna",
      "D-9 Lagna",
      "derived D9 Lagna"
    ],
    "definition": "The natal Ascendant mapped into the Navamsha division. Some Jyotish lineages count D9 houses as signs from this derived Lagna.",
    "category": "Jyotish & derived charts",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Sri Jagannath Center: Navamsha–Dharmamsha",
        "url": "https://srijagannath.org/jyoti%E1%B9%A3a/atri-class/nava%E1%B9%83sa-dharma%E1%B9%83sa-001_a/"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Derived-chart convention within Jyotish",
      "note": "These houses express relationships within a divisional chart, rather than a second physical horizon. House-based judgement is lineage-specific. Birth-time uncertainty can change the derived Lagna and therefore every house assignment.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Sri Jagannath Center: Navamsha–Dharmamsha",
          "url": "https://srijagannath.org/jyoti%E1%B9%A3a/atri-class/nava%E1%B9%83sa-dharma%E1%B9%83sa-001_a/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit compound label.",
      "note": "Navāṃśa means ninth division and lagna names the ascendant. Together they identify the ascendant's placement in the D9 convention.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: navāṃśa (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/134.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: lagna (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/222.html"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "gochara",
    "term": "Gochara",
    "aliases": [
      "Gochar",
      "Gochaara",
      "Gocara"
    ],
    "category": "Jyotish & timing",
    "definition": "Jyotish transit analysis: moving grahas read against natal reference points, including Moon and Lagna.",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Parashara's Light 7.0 User Manual",
        "url": "https://www.parasharasoftware.com/Parashara-Light-90/Download/PLmanual.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Named transit-reading convention",
      "note": "Separate natal-reference charts make the counting rule explicit. A sign count establishes a relationship in that model; further judgement requires the chosen method's additional rules.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Parashara's Light 7.0 User Manual",
          "url": "https://www.parasharasoftware.com/Parashara-Light-90/Download/PLmanual.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit transliteration: gocara.",
      "note": "Gocara originally denotes a cow's range or pasture, hence a range or field of action; astronomical usage applies it to planetary positions and relationships.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: gocara (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/81.html"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "janma-rashi",
    "term": "Janma Rashi",
    "aliases": [
      "Janma Rasi",
      "Janma Rāśi"
    ],
    "category": "Jyotish & timing",
    "definition": "The zodiac sign occupied by the Moon in the birth chart, used as a reference in gochara.",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao: Vedic Astrology — An Integrated Approach",
        "url": "https://www.vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Natal reference defined by convention",
      "note": "Its calculation depends on the birth instant and zodiac. Sharing this sign does not establish identical personal outcomes.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao: Vedic Astrology — An Integrated Approach",
          "url": "https://www.vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit compound: janma-rāśi.",
      "note": "Janma is the birth form used in compounds, and rāśi means sign here. The customary label identifies the Moon's birth sign.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams lexical reference",
          "url": "https://sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: rāśi (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/219.html"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "chandra-lagna",
    "term": "Chandra Lagna",
    "aliases": [
      "Moon Lagna"
    ],
    "category": "Jyotish & timing",
    "definition": "A Jyotish reference that counts the natal Moon's sign as the first house or position.",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao: Vedic Astrology — An Integrated Approach",
        "url": "https://www.vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Alternative chart reference",
      "note": "This changes the counting origin, not the physical Ascendant. Keep its positions distinct from houses counted from natal Lagna.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao: Vedic Astrology — An Integrated Approach",
          "url": "https://www.vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit compound: candra-lagna.",
      "note": "Candra names the Moon and lagna the ascendant or reference point; the compound names a Moon-centered chart reference.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams lexical reference",
          "url": "https://sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: lagna (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/222.html"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "graha-drishti",
    "term": "Graha Drishti",
    "aliases": [
      "Graha Drishṭi",
      "Graha Drishti aspects"
    ],
    "category": "Jyotish & aspects",
    "definition": "Planetary aspects in Jyotish, with directional relationships determined by the graha; distinct from rashi drishti.",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao: Vedic Astrology — An Integrated Approach",
        "url": "https://www.vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Traditional aspect rule",
      "note": "A displayed sign relationship does not measure physical force or establish degree-based strength. Node rules and additional judgement require an explicit convention.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao: Vedic Astrology — An Integrated Approach",
          "url": "https://www.vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit compound: graha-dṛṣṭi.",
      "note": "Graha means planet or seizer and dṛṣṭi seeing or sight. The compound uses the traditional metaphor of a planet's gaze.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: graha (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/82.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams lexical reference",
          "url": "https://sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "return-chart",
    "term": "Return chart",
    "aliases": [
      "return charts",
      "planetary return chart",
      "planetary return charts"
    ],
    "definition": "A chart for the instant a selected body reaches its natal longitude again, under a declared coordinate convention.",
    "category": "Timing & comparison",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "AstroGraph: TimePassages Desktop Manual, chapter11",
        "url": "https://support.astrograph.com/support/solutions/articles/66000476614-desktop-manual-timepassages"
      },
      {
        "title": "Astrodienst · separate return and natal aspect tables",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/cgi/h.cgi?f=gch&h=gch31&lang=e"
      },
      {
        "title": "Brian Clark · Solar Return Worksheet II, printed p. 20",
        "url": "https://www.astrosynthesis.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/working-with-solar-returns.pdf#page=20"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Calculated crossing with symbolic use",
      "note": "The returning body's longitude match defines the chart. The selected cycle and location complete its setup; interpreting that chart as a period's themes is a further practitioner convention. Its defining luminary conjunction recurs by construction; repeated geometry is not independent predictive evidence.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "AstroGraph: TimePassages Desktop Manual, chapter11",
          "url": "https://support.astrograph.com/support/solutions/articles/66000476614-desktop-manual-timepassages"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Descriptive English technique name.",
      "note": "Return names a body's coming back to a specified reference position; chart names the diagram cast for that event.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: return",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/return"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "return-location",
    "term": "Return location",
    "aliases": [
      "return locations",
      "return reference place"
    ],
    "definition": "The geographic place used to calculate a return chart's local angles and houses.",
    "category": "Timing & comparison",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Astrodienst: Return charts FAQ",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/faq/fq_fh_return_e.htm"
      },
      {
        "title": "Brian Clark: Working with Solar Returns",
        "url": "https://www.astrosynthesis.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/working-with-solar-returns.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Declared chart-location convention",
      "note": "Practitioners choose different reference places. For a geocentric longitude return, this choice changes the local chart structure, not the solved UTC crossing; it cannot establish that travel controls future outcomes.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Astrodienst: Return charts FAQ",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/faq/fq_fh_return_e.htm"
        },
        {
          "title": "Brian Clark: Working with Solar Returns",
          "url": "https://www.astrosynthesis.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/working-with-solar-returns.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Descriptive English workspace label.",
      "note": "Return specifies the recurrence event and location the chosen observing place used for its angles and houses.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: location",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/location"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "house-overlay",
    "term": "House overlay",
    "aliases": [
      "cross-chart house placement"
    ],
    "category": "Timing & comparison",
    "definition": "A placement of one chart's body within another chart's houses; the receiving chart supplies the house boundaries.",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "John Green and Chris Brennan: Synastry — The Astrology of Relationships",
        "url": "https://theastrologypodcast.com/transcripts/ep-165-transcript-synastry-the-astrology-of-relationships/"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Directional chart comparison",
      "note": "The selected house convention and receiving birth time determine the placement. Its life topic is an interpretive prompt; reversing the charts usually changes the overlay.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "John Green and Chris Brennan: Synastry — The Astrology of Relationships",
          "url": "https://theastrologypodcast.com/transcripts/ep-165-transcript-synastry-the-astrology-of-relationships/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "A descriptive English name combining astrological house with overlay, the act of placing one image or layer over another.",
      "note": "House descends from Old English hūs. In this technical phrase, overlay names the superimposition of one chart on another; the sources do not establish who first coined the complete expression.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: house — Word History",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/house"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: overlay",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/overlay"
        },
        {
          "title": "John Green and Chris Brennan: Synastry — house overlays",
          "url": "https://theastrologypodcast.com/transcripts/ep-165-transcript-synastry-the-astrology-of-relationships/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "spherical-geographic-midpoint",
    "term": "Spherical geographic midpoint",
    "aliases": [
      "spherical midpoint"
    ],
    "category": "Locational geometry",
    "definition": "The halfway point on the shorter great-circle arc between two places on a spherical Earth model.",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Astrodienst: Davison Relationship Chart variants",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/cgi/h.cgi?f=gch&h=gch64&lang=e"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Declared geographic construction",
      "note": "This is one Davison location convention. Antipodal places have no unique shortest arc, and a polar midpoint has no unique longitude. The result is not an astrologically verified ideal location.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Astrodienst: Davison Relationship Chart variants",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/cgi/h.cgi?f=gch&h=gch64&lang=e"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "A descriptive mathematical name: spherical refers to a sphere, geographic to Earth coordinates, and midpoint to a halfway point.",
      "note": "Sphere ultimately comes from Greek sphaira, ‘ball’; geography comes from Greek geōgraphia, describing the Earth's surface. The complete phrase specifies a construction rather than an ancient astrological entity.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: sphere — Word History",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sphere"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: geography — Word History",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/geography"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: midpoint",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/midpoint"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "kuta-matching",
    "term": "Kuta matching",
    "aliases": [
      "Kuta comparison"
    ],
    "category": "Jyotish & relationships",
    "definition": "Traditional Indian relationship-comparison schemes that evaluate named factors, commonly using the two natal Moons; rules and scoring vary.",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Shri Jyoti Star 10: Kutas Table",
        "url": "https://www.vedicsoftware.com/WebHelp/helpindex.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Traditional matching conventions",
      "note": "A score summarizes the chosen scheme, not a measured probability of relationship success. Sign counts or graha drishti alone do not constitute Kuta matching; the studio does not calculate it.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Shri Jyoti Star 10: Kutas Table",
          "url": "https://www.vedicsoftware.com/WebHelp/helpindex.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Kuta represents Sanskrit kūṭa (कूट), used as a technical name for a factor in traditional horoscope matching.",
      "note": "Monier-Williams records senses including a peak, heap or multitude. Those literal senses do not establish why the matching term arose; here its technical use is documented separately in the Jyotish manual.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary, p. 299: kūṭa",
          "url": "https://sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/MWScanpdf/mw0299-kuhara.pdf"
        },
        {
          "title": "Shri Jyoti Star 10: Kutas Table",
          "url": "https://www.vedicsoftware.com/WebHelp/helpindex.html"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "etymology",
    "term": "Etymology",
    "aliases": [
      "word origin"
    ],
    "definition": "The study or account of a word's history: its earlier forms, meanings, related words and passage between languages.",
    "category": "Research & interpretation",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Merriam-Webster: etymology",
        "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/etymology"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Historical linguistic evidence",
      "note": "An etymology is supported by recorded usage, comparison and linguistic analysis. A word's older meaning does not determine every modern use or establish the truth of an astrological claim; uncertain derivations should remain labelled uncertain.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: etymology",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/etymology"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "English received the word through French and Latin from Greek etymologia.",
      "note": "The Greek formation joins etymon, a word's original or literal sense, with -logia, study or account. Etymon is related to etymos, ‘true’; this historical naming does not make a word origin proof of a belief.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: etymology — Word History",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/etymology"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "stationary-direct",
    "term": "Stationary direct",
    "aliases": [
      "stations direct",
      "stationing direct",
      "direct station"
    ],
    "definition": "The turning instant when apparent longitude changes from decreasing to increasing in the selected reference frame.",
    "category": "Timing & comparison",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: Programming Interface, position and speed",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swephprg.htm"
      },
      {
        "title": "NASA StarChild: What does Mercury in retrograde mean?",
        "url": "https://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/questions/question46.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Computed apparent-motion event",
      "note": "A root of longitude speed is classified by motion on both sides. Its time depends on the coordinate convention; it is not a physical restart or an automatic improvement in circumstances.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: Programming Interface, position and speed",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swephprg.htm"
        },
        {
          "title": "NASA StarChild: What does Mercury in retrograde mean?",
          "url": "https://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/questions/question46.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Descriptive English phrase with Latin-derived vocabulary.",
      "note": "Stationary belongs to Latin statio, a standing; direct comes from directus, straight. The qualifier names the direction resumed after the apparent pause.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: station",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/station"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: direct",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/direct"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "stationary-retrograde",
    "term": "Stationary retrograde",
    "aliases": [
      "stations retrograde",
      "stationing retrograde",
      "retrograde station"
    ],
    "definition": "The turning instant when apparent longitude changes from increasing to decreasing in the selected reference frame.",
    "category": "Timing & comparison",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: Programming Interface, position and speed",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swephprg.htm"
      },
      {
        "title": "NASA StarChild: What does Mercury in retrograde mean?",
        "url": "https://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/questions/question46.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Computed apparent-motion event",
      "note": "The change of speed sign distinguishes the turning point from a merely slow position. The body continues its orbit; claims of disruption or inward focus are interpretations, not measured consequences.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: Programming Interface, position and speed",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swephprg.htm"
        },
        {
          "title": "NASA StarChild: What does Mercury in retrograde mean?",
          "url": "https://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/questions/question46.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Descriptive English phrase with Latin-derived vocabulary.",
      "note": "Stationary belongs to Latin statio, a standing; retrograde comes from retrogradus, going backward. Together they name the apparent pause before backward longitude motion.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: station",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/station"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: retrograde",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/retrograde"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "exact-transit",
    "term": "Exact transit",
    "aliases": [
      "exact transit contact",
      "exact transit aspect"
    ],
    "definition": "An instant when a moving body's longitude reaches a declared aspect angle from a fixed natal target, within the solver's stated numerical tolerance.",
    "category": "Timing & comparison",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: Programming Interface, position and speed",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swephprg.htm"
      },
      {
        "title": "Astro Gold macOS: Dynamic Events",
        "url": "https://www.astrogold.io/AG-MacOS-Help/pref_dynamic_events.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Calculated angular event and declared search convention",
      "note": "The ephemeris, reference, target and tolerance make the instant reproducible. Exactness does not define the entire orb period or establish that a personal event must happen then.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Swiss Ephemeris: Programming Interface, position and speed",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/swisseph/swephprg.htm"
        },
        {
          "title": "Astro Gold macOS: Dynamic Events",
          "url": "https://www.astrogold.io/AG-MacOS-Help/pref_dynamic_events.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Descriptive English phrase with Latin-derived vocabulary.",
      "note": "Exact comes from Latin exactus, associated with examining or measuring; transit from transitus, passage. The phrase names a specified angular passage precisely located in time.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: exact",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/exact"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: transit",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/transit"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "repeated-transit-pass",
    "term": "Repeated transit pass",
    "aliases": [
      "repeated transit passes",
      "retrograde repeat",
      "retrograde repeats"
    ],
    "definition": "Another exact encounter with the same natal target and aspect branch after a body's apparent motion brings it back across that longitude.",
    "category": "Timing & comparison",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Astrodienst: Transit duration and retrograde repeats",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/faq/fq_fh_dura_e.htm"
      },
      {
        "title": "Astro Gold macOS: Dynamic Events",
        "url": "https://www.astrogold.io/AG-MacOS-Help/pref_dynamic_events.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Calculated angular event and declared search convention",
      "note": "Repeats follow the solved motion and selected window; there need not be exactly three. Pass numbers alone do not establish a universal sequence of introduction, review and resolution.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Astrodienst: Transit duration and retrograde repeats",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/faq/fq_fh_dura_e.htm"
        },
        {
          "title": "Astro Gold macOS: Dynamic Events",
          "url": "https://www.astrogold.io/AG-MacOS-Help/pref_dynamic_events.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Descriptive English phrase with Latin-derived vocabulary.",
      "note": "Repeat descends from Latin repetere, to return to or seek again; pass is related to Latin passus, step. This is a descriptive phrase for recurring crossings.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: repeat",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/repeat"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: pass",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pass"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "rahu-kalam",
    "term": "Rahu Kalam",
    "aliases": [
      "Rahu kala",
      "Rahu kaal"
    ],
    "definition": "A weekday-specific eighth of local daylight, traditionally associated with Rahu and consulted when choosing a time to begin an auspicious undertaking.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Drik Panchang: Rahu Kalam methods",
        "url": "https://www.drikpanchang.com/tutorials/panchang-utilities/rahu-kalam.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Natha Sampradaya dictionary: Rahu-kala",
        "url": "https://nathas.org/en/dictionary/rahu-kala/"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Traditional timing rule applied to solar boundaries",
      "note": "Its clock interval follows sunrise, sunset and a weekday table; it is not Rahu’s physical rising. Avoidance rules concern particular customary beginnings, not a measured increase in danger.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Drik Panchang: Rahu Kalam methods",
          "url": "https://www.drikpanchang.com/tutorials/panchang-utilities/rahu-kalam.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Natha Sampradaya dictionary: Rahu-kala",
          "url": "https://nathas.org/en/dictionary/rahu-kala/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit compound: rāhu-kāla.",
      "note": "The lineage dictionary translates the name as the time of Rahu. Kāla is time; the name identifies the traditional association rather than an astronomical event.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Natha Sampradaya dictionary: Rahu-kala",
          "url": "https://nathas.org/en/dictionary/rahu-kala/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: kāla",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/62.html"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "yamaganda",
    "term": "Yamaganda",
    "aliases": [
      "Yamagandam",
      "Yamaganda kalam"
    ],
    "definition": "A named daylight eighth whose weekday placement is tabulated in traditional electional astrology. Here its interval is calculated from local sunrise and sunset.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Kalaprakasika: daylight periods, printed p.175",
        "url": "https://www.astrojyoti.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Kalaprakasika_text.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Historical electional table",
      "note": "The calendar reproduces a stated timing convention. It is distinct from a Yamaghantaka upagraha longitude, and its traditional evaluation does not demonstrate a causal effect on an undertaking.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Kalaprakasika: daylight periods, printed p.175",
          "url": "https://www.astrojyoti.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Kalaprakasika_text.pdf"
        },
        {
          "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao: Vedic Astrology, an Integrated Approach, §§1.3.12 and 4.3",
          "url": "https://www.vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Inherited Indian astrological name, transliterated Yamaganda.",
      "note": "Kalaprakasika attests this name for the weekday periods. The precise historical formation of the compound is not established by that table, so no literal root explanation is asserted here.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Kalaprakasika: daylight periods, printed p.175",
          "url": "https://www.astrojyoti.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Kalaprakasika_text.pdf"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "gulika-kalam",
    "term": "Gulika Kalam",
    "aliases": [
      "Gulika kala"
    ],
    "definition": "The Saturn-associated eighth of daylight in a traditional weekday sequence. Its duration varies with the local sunrise-to-sunset interval.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Kalaprakasika: daylight periods, printed p.175",
        "url": "https://www.astrojyoti.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Kalaprakasika_text.pdf"
      },
      {
        "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao: Vedic Astrology, an Integrated Approach, §§1.3.12 and 4.3",
        "url": "https://www.vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Traditional planetary allocation of daylight",
      "note": "Kalaprakasika does not classify this period as inauspicious. Other applications differ; the displayed interval must not be confused with a separately calculated Gulika or Mandi point in a horoscope.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Kalaprakasika: daylight periods, printed p.175",
          "url": "https://www.astrojyoti.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Kalaprakasika_text.pdf"
        },
        {
          "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao: Vedic Astrology, an Integrated Approach, §§1.3.12 and 4.3",
          "url": "https://www.vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Astrological name Gulika combined with Sanskrit kāla, time.",
      "note": "The compound names Gulika’s period. The historical timing text establishes the technical use; it does not establish a derivation of the name from the separate Sanskrit word for a small ball.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Kalaprakasika: daylight periods, printed p.175",
          "url": "https://www.astrojyoti.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Kalaprakasika_text.pdf"
        },
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: kāla",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/62.html"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "nakshatra-ashwini",
    "term": "Ashwini",
    "aliases": [
      "Aswini",
      "Aśvinī",
      "Ashvayuj",
      "Aśvayuj",
      "अश्विनी"
    ],
    "caseSensitive": true,
    "definition": "The 1st lunar mansion in the modern Ashwini-first 27-division sequence. Its Sanskrit name also belongs to a historical named asterism; the atlas locates the Moon in an equal sidereal longitude sector.",
    "category": "Jyotish · lunar mansions",
    "wikiIndex": 22,
    "related": [
      "nakshatra",
      "vimshottari-dasha",
      "pada"
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit feminine aśvinī, from the aśva / aśvin word family.",
      "note": "Aśva denotes a horse; aśvin describes possession of horses or a horseman, and aśvinī is its feminine form and a mansion name.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): aśvin / aśvinī — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/22.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Lexical attestation, ritual tradition and a stated coordinate convention",
      "note": "The dictionary records the horse-related forms; the hymn identifies a ritual deity. Those attestations establish a linguistic and cultural association, not healing ability in a person whose Moon occupies this sector.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): aśvin / aśvinī — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/22.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Taittiriya Nakshatra Sukta — Sanskrit text, Rajagopal Iyer transcription",
          "url": "https://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_veda/nakshatra.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Minakshi Srivastava, Jyotish Global: Basics of Nakshatra, slide 10",
          "url": "https://jyotish.global/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/S10_JF-Basic-Level-II-Basics-of-Nakshatra-S4.pdf#page=10"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): aśvin / aśvinī — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
        "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/22.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Taittiriya Nakshatra Sukta — Sanskrit text, Rajagopal Iyer transcription",
        "url": "https://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_veda/nakshatra.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Minakshi Srivastava, Jyotish Global: Basics of Nakshatra, slide 10",
        "url": "https://jyotish.global/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/S10_JF-Basic-Level-II-Basics-of-Nakshatra-S4.pdf#page=10"
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "nakshatra-bharani",
    "term": "Bharani",
    "aliases": [
      "Bharaṇī",
      "भरणी"
    ],
    "caseSensitive": true,
    "definition": "The 2nd lunar mansion in the modern Ashwini-first 27-division sequence. Its Sanskrit name also belongs to a historical named asterism; the atlas locates the Moon in an equal sidereal longitude sector.",
    "category": "Jyotish · lunar mansions",
    "wikiIndex": 22,
    "related": [
      "nakshatra",
      "vimshottari-dasha",
      "pada"
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit bharaṇī, feminine of bharaṇa.",
      "note": "The dictionary places bharaṇī with bharaṇa, an action or quality of bearing and maintaining; the nearby bhara family derives from bhṛ. This supports a bearing sense, including carrying in the womb, without making reproduction the name’s sole meaning.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): bharaṇa / bharaṇī — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/185.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Lexical attestation, ritual tradition and a stated coordinate convention",
      "note": "The lexical record supports bearing and an anatomical emblem; its deity identity comes from ritual literature. A traditional emblem does not establish reproductive status, moral worth or an inevitable life event.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): bharaṇa / bharaṇī — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/185.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Taittiriya Nakshatra Sukta — Sanskrit text, Rajagopal Iyer transcription",
          "url": "https://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_veda/nakshatra.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): bharaṇa / bharaṇī — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
        "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/185.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Taittiriya Nakshatra Sukta — Sanskrit text, Rajagopal Iyer transcription",
        "url": "https://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_veda/nakshatra.html"
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "nakshatra-krittika",
    "term": "Krittika",
    "aliases": [
      "Krttika",
      "Kṛttikā",
      "Krittikas",
      "कृत्तिका"
    ],
    "caseSensitive": true,
    "definition": "The 3rd lunar mansion in the modern Ashwini-first 27-division sequence. Its Sanskrit name also belongs to a historical named asterism; the atlas locates the Moon in an equal sidereal longitude sector.",
    "category": "Jyotish · lunar mansions",
    "wikiIndex": 22,
    "related": [
      "nakshatra",
      "vimshottari-dasha",
      "pada"
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit kṛttikā, grouped with the cutting root kṛt.",
      "note": "Monier-Williams places kṛttikā under the kṛt family for cutting and identifies the Kṛttikās as the Pleiades. “Cutters” is a concise interpretive rendering of that connection; the historical name also denotes the mythic group, not merely an adjective.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): kṛt (cut) / kṛttikā — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/67.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Lexical attestation, ritual tradition and a stated coordinate convention",
      "note": "The dictionary attests the Pleiades name and flame or blade representations; the hymn pairs the mansion with Agni. These are historical associations. They do not make every person or interval in this sector destructive or purifying.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): kṛt (cut) / kṛttikā — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/67.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Taittiriya Nakshatra Sukta — Sanskrit text, Rajagopal Iyer transcription",
          "url": "https://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_veda/nakshatra.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): kṛt (cut) / kṛttikā — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
        "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/67.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Taittiriya Nakshatra Sukta — Sanskrit text, Rajagopal Iyer transcription",
        "url": "https://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_veda/nakshatra.html"
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "nakshatra-rohini",
    "term": "Rohini",
    "aliases": [
      "Rohiṇī",
      "रोहिणी"
    ],
    "caseSensitive": true,
    "definition": "The 4th lunar mansion in the modern Ashwini-first 27-division sequence. Its Sanskrit name also belongs to a historical named asterism; the atlas locates the Moon in an equal sidereal longitude sector.",
    "category": "Jyotish · lunar mansions",
    "wikiIndex": 22,
    "related": [
      "nakshatra",
      "vimshottari-dasha",
      "pada"
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit rohiṇī, a feminine form associated with rohita, red.",
      "note": "For the mansion, the dictionary explains the name through the reddish appearance of Aldebaran. It also records rohiṇī as a feminine of rohin, associated with growing; that separate lexical connection should not replace the stated colour explanation of the stellar name.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): rohita / rohiṇī — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/221.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Lexical attestation, ritual tradition and a stated coordinate convention",
      "note": "The name’s colour explanation and cart representation are lexically documented; its deity identity is a ritual association. The dictionary’s multiple meanings do not license treating every word related to growth as the origin of this asterism’s name.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): rohita / rohiṇī — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/221.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Taittiriya Nakshatra Sukta — Sanskrit text, Rajagopal Iyer transcription",
          "url": "https://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_veda/nakshatra.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): rohita / rohiṇī — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
        "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/221.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Taittiriya Nakshatra Sukta — Sanskrit text, Rajagopal Iyer transcription",
        "url": "https://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_veda/nakshatra.html"
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "nakshatra-mrigashira",
    "term": "Mrigashira",
    "aliases": [
      "Mrigashirsha",
      "Mrigashiras",
      "Mṛgaśīrṣa",
      "Mṛgaśiras",
      "Mṛgaśirā",
      "मृगशीर्ष"
    ],
    "caseSensitive": true,
    "definition": "The 5th lunar mansion in the modern Ashwini-first 27-division sequence. Its Sanskrit name also belongs to a historical named asterism; the atlas locates the Moon in an equal sidereal longitude sector.",
    "category": "Jyotish · lunar mansions",
    "wikiIndex": 22,
    "related": [
      "nakshatra",
      "vimshottari-dasha",
      "pada"
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit compound mṛga + śiras or śīrṣa.",
      "note": "Mṛga denotes a wild animal, especially a deer or antelope; śiras and śīrṣa denote the head. The dictionary records Mṛgaśiras, Mṛgaśirā and Mṛgaśīrṣa as forms of the mansion name, explaining the range of English spellings.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): mṛgaśiras / mṛgaśīrṣa — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/206.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Lexical attestation, ritual tradition and a stated coordinate convention",
      "note": "The compound’s components and animal-head representation are attested in the dictionary; its deity identity is named in the hymn. Curiosity is an interpretive use of that imagery, not a measured trait that follows from a Moon longitude.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): mṛgaśiras / mṛgaśīrṣa — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/206.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Taittiriya Nakshatra Sukta — Sanskrit text, Rajagopal Iyer transcription",
          "url": "https://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_veda/nakshatra.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): mṛgaśiras / mṛgaśīrṣa — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
        "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/206.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Taittiriya Nakshatra Sukta — Sanskrit text, Rajagopal Iyer transcription",
        "url": "https://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_veda/nakshatra.html"
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "nakshatra-ardra",
    "term": "Ardra",
    "aliases": [
      "Ārdrā",
      "Aardra",
      "आर्द्रा"
    ],
    "caseSensitive": true,
    "definition": "The 6th lunar mansion in the modern Ashwini-first 27-division sequence. Its Sanskrit name also belongs to a historical named asterism; the atlas locates the Moon in an equal sidereal longitude sector.",
    "category": "Jyotish · lunar mansions",
    "wikiIndex": 22,
    "related": [
      "nakshatra",
      "vimshottari-dasha",
      "pada"
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit ārdrā, feminine of ārdra.",
      "note": "Ārdra has senses involving moisture and freshness, with figurative extensions toward tenderness and feeling; ārdrā is the feminine mansion name.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): ārdra / ārdrā — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/30.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Lexical attestation, ritual tradition and a stated coordinate convention",
      "note": "The lexical senses are supported by recorded Sanskrit usage; the deity comes from ritual tradition, while the tear is documented in the cited modern lesson. These layers support cultural interpretation without establishing emotional temperament or future distress.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): ārdra / ārdrā — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/30.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Taittiriya Nakshatra Sukta — Sanskrit text, Rajagopal Iyer transcription",
          "url": "https://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_veda/nakshatra.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Minakshi Srivastava, Jyotish Global: Basics of Nakshatra, slide 30",
          "url": "https://jyotish.global/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/S10_JF-Basic-Level-II-Basics-of-Nakshatra-S4.pdf#page=30"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): ārdra / ārdrā — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
        "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/30.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Taittiriya Nakshatra Sukta — Sanskrit text, Rajagopal Iyer transcription",
        "url": "https://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_veda/nakshatra.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Minakshi Srivastava, Jyotish Global: Basics of Nakshatra, slide 30",
        "url": "https://jyotish.global/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/S10_JF-Basic-Level-II-Basics-of-Nakshatra-S4.pdf#page=30"
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "nakshatra-punarvasu",
    "term": "Punarvasu",
    "aliases": [
      "Punarvasū",
      "पुनर्वसु"
    ],
    "caseSensitive": true,
    "definition": "The 7th lunar mansion in the modern Ashwini-first 27-division sequence. Its Sanskrit name also belongs to a historical named asterism; the atlas locates the Moon in an equal sidereal longitude sector.",
    "category": "Jyotish · lunar mansions",
    "wikiIndex": 22,
    "related": [
      "nakshatra",
      "vimshottari-dasha",
      "pada"
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit compound punar + vasu.",
      "note": "Punar contributes repetition or return. The dictionary glosses the compound in terms of restoring goods, with vasu carrying the wealth or goods sense.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): punar / punarvasu — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/159.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Lexical attestation, ritual tradition and a stated coordinate convention",
      "note": "The compound is lexically attested and the hymn supplies the deity identity. A quiver is documented as a modern teaching emblem. These records justify attribution of the name and symbols, but do not promise that losses will be reversed.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): punar / punarvasu — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/159.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Taittiriya Nakshatra Sukta — Sanskrit text, Rajagopal Iyer transcription",
          "url": "https://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_veda/nakshatra.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Minakshi Srivastava, Jyotish Global: Basics of Nakshatra, slide 34",
          "url": "https://jyotish.global/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/S10_JF-Basic-Level-II-Basics-of-Nakshatra-S4.pdf#page=34"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): punar / punarvasu — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
        "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/159.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Taittiriya Nakshatra Sukta — Sanskrit text, Rajagopal Iyer transcription",
        "url": "https://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_veda/nakshatra.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Minakshi Srivastava, Jyotish Global: Basics of Nakshatra, slide 34",
        "url": "https://jyotish.global/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/S10_JF-Basic-Level-II-Basics-of-Nakshatra-S4.pdf#page=34"
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "nakshatra-pushya",
    "term": "Pushya",
    "aliases": [
      "Puṣya",
      "Tishya",
      "Tiṣya",
      "पुष्य"
    ],
    "caseSensitive": true,
    "definition": "The 8th lunar mansion in the modern Ashwini-first 27-division sequence. Its Sanskrit name also belongs to a historical named asterism; the atlas locates the Moon in an equal sidereal longitude sector.",
    "category": "Jyotish · lunar mansions",
    "wikiIndex": 22,
    "related": [
      "nakshatra",
      "vimshottari-dasha",
      "pada"
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit puṣya, a word with nourishment and flowering senses.",
      "note": "The dictionary records nourishment and a blossom or foremost-part sense under puṣya, and identifies the mansion also called Tiṣya. The short English form Pushya represents ṣ with sh; it does not mean that the distinct name Tiṣya has the same derivation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): puṣya — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/160.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Lexical attestation, ritual tradition and a stated coordinate convention",
      "note": "The dictionary attests Puṣya and its Tiṣya alias; the hymn supplies a deity association. The udder is a cited teaching emblem. None of these facts by itself supplies the additional rules needed for an auspicious-time judgement.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): puṣya — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/160.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Taittiriya Nakshatra Sukta — Sanskrit text, Rajagopal Iyer transcription",
          "url": "https://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_veda/nakshatra.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Minakshi Srivastava, Jyotish Global: Basics of Nakshatra, slide 39",
          "url": "https://jyotish.global/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/S10_JF-Basic-Level-II-Basics-of-Nakshatra-S4.pdf#page=39"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): puṣya — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
        "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/160.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Taittiriya Nakshatra Sukta — Sanskrit text, Rajagopal Iyer transcription",
        "url": "https://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_veda/nakshatra.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Minakshi Srivastava, Jyotish Global: Basics of Nakshatra, slide 39",
        "url": "https://jyotish.global/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/S10_JF-Basic-Level-II-Basics-of-Nakshatra-S4.pdf#page=39"
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "nakshatra-ashlesha",
    "term": "Ashlesha",
    "aliases": [
      "Aslesha",
      "Āśleṣā",
      "Ashresha",
      "Āśreṣā",
      "आश्लेषा"
    ],
    "caseSensitive": true,
    "definition": "The 9th lunar mansion in the modern Ashwini-first 27-division sequence. Its Sanskrit name also belongs to a historical named asterism; the atlas locates the Moon in an equal sidereal longitude sector.",
    "category": "Jyotish · lunar mansions",
    "wikiIndex": 22,
    "related": [
      "nakshatra",
      "vimshottari-dasha",
      "pada"
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit āśleṣā, related to ā-śliṣ and āśleṣa.",
      "note": "The verb ā-śliṣ expresses clinging or embracing; āśleṣa names contact and entwining, with āśleṣā used for the mansion. The variant Āśreṣā is also attested. Neither form literally means that a person is deceptive or venomous.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): āśliṣ / āśleṣa / āśleṣā — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/31.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Lexical attestation, ritual tradition and a stated coordinate convention",
      "note": "The embracing vocabulary and name variants have lexical support; the hymn supplies its ritual identity. The serpent emblem is documented in modern teaching. Moral labels attached to people are additional claims, not conclusions established by those sources.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): āśliṣ / āśleṣa / āśleṣā — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/31.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Taittiriya Nakshatra Sukta — Sanskrit text, Rajagopal Iyer transcription",
          "url": "https://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_veda/nakshatra.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Minakshi Srivastava, Jyotish Global: Basics of Nakshatra, slide 42",
          "url": "https://jyotish.global/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/S10_JF-Basic-Level-II-Basics-of-Nakshatra-S4.pdf#page=42"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): āśliṣ / āśleṣa / āśleṣā — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
        "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/31.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Taittiriya Nakshatra Sukta — Sanskrit text, Rajagopal Iyer transcription",
        "url": "https://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_veda/nakshatra.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Minakshi Srivastava, Jyotish Global: Basics of Nakshatra, slide 42",
        "url": "https://jyotish.global/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/S10_JF-Basic-Level-II-Basics-of-Nakshatra-S4.pdf#page=42"
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "nakshatra-magha",
    "term": "Magha",
    "aliases": [
      "Maghā",
      "Magha nakshatra"
    ],
    "definition": "The tenth mansion in the common 27-nakshatra sequence, associated with the ancestors in the cited Vedic hymn.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "caseSensitive": true,
    "wikiIndex": 22,
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: magha, maghā (University of Hyderabad)",
        "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/192.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Taittirīya Nakshatra Sukta, verses 8–17 (Sanskrit Documents)",
        "url": "https://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_veda/nakshatra.html"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit Maghā, the mansion name.",
      "note": "Monier-Williams records magha as a gift, bounty, wealth or power, and Maghā as a lunar mansion. Maghā should be distinguished from Māgha, the related month name with a long first vowel.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: magha, maghā (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/192.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Vedic ritual association and later interpretation",
      "note": "The inherited name and ancestral association can be documented. Turning them into a claim about someone’s lineage, social rank or past lives requires a belief that this calculation does not verify.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: magha, maghā (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/192.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Taittirīya Nakshatra Sukta, verses 8–17 (Sanskrit Documents)",
          "url": "https://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_veda/nakshatra.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "related": [
      "nakshatra",
      "pada",
      "vimshottari-dasha"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "nakshatra-purva-phalguni",
    "term": "Purva Phalguni",
    "aliases": [
      "Pūrva Phalgunī",
      "Pūrva Phālgunī",
      "Poorva Phalguni"
    ],
    "definition": "The eleventh mansion and earlier Phalguni. This atlas follows the Vedāṅga Jyotiṣa assignment of Bhaga as its deity.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "caseSensitive": true,
    "wikiIndex": 22,
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: pūrva, pūrvaphalgunī (University of Hyderabad)",
        "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/161.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: phalguna, phalgunī, phālgunī (University of Hyderabad)",
        "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/176.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Vedāṅga Jyotiṣa, Yajurvedic verses 32–35 / Rigvedic verses 25–28, in Indian Astronomy: A Source-book §12.10.1",
        "url": "https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/indian-astronomy-a-source-book/ocr/1621529/160"
      },
      {
        "title": "Nakshatra Suktam: explicitly labeled Phalguni deity sequence (Vaidika Vignanam)",
        "url": "https://www.vignanam.org/english/nakshatra-suktam-nakshatreshti.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Taittirīya Nakshatra Sukta, verses 8–17 (Sanskrit Documents)",
        "url": "https://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_veda/nakshatra.html"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit pūrva, earlier, with Phalgunī.",
      "note": "Pūrva distinguishes the earlier member of the Phalguni pair. Monier-Williams records phalguna as reddish and both Phalgunī and Phālgunī as mansion forms. The name’s lexical color sense is separate from later relationship symbolism.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: pūrva, pūrvaphalgunī (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/161.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: phalguna, phalgunī, phālgunī (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/176.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Named textual convention with a historical variant",
      "note": "The Phalguni deity assignments differ across the cited texts. Bhaga here identifies the chosen convention; it does not turn a Moon position into evidence about marriage or fertility.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: pūrva, pūrvaphalgunī (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/161.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: phalguna, phalgunī, phālgunī (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/176.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Vedāṅga Jyotiṣa, Yajurvedic verses 32–35 / Rigvedic verses 25–28, in Indian Astronomy: A Source-book §12.10.1",
          "url": "https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/indian-astronomy-a-source-book/ocr/1621529/160"
        },
        {
          "title": "Nakshatra Suktam: explicitly labeled Phalguni deity sequence (Vaidika Vignanam)",
          "url": "https://www.vignanam.org/english/nakshatra-suktam-nakshatreshti.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Taittirīya Nakshatra Sukta, verses 8–17 (Sanskrit Documents)",
          "url": "https://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_veda/nakshatra.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "related": [
      "nakshatra",
      "pada",
      "vimshottari-dasha"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "nakshatra-uttara-phalguni",
    "term": "Uttara Phalguni",
    "aliases": [
      "Uttara Phalgunī",
      "Uttara Phālgunī"
    ],
    "definition": "The twelfth mansion and later Phalguni. This atlas follows the Vedāṅga Jyotiṣa assignment of Aryaman as its deity.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "caseSensitive": true,
    "wikiIndex": 22,
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: uttara, uttaraphalgunī, uttaraphālgunī (University of Hyderabad)",
        "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/37.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: phalguna, phalgunī (University of Hyderabad)",
        "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/176.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Vedāṅga Jyotiṣa, Yajurvedic verses 32–35 / Rigvedic verses 25–28, in Indian Astronomy: A Source-book §12.10.1",
        "url": "https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/indian-astronomy-a-source-book/ocr/1621529/160"
      },
      {
        "title": "Nakshatra Suktam: explicitly labeled Phalguni deity sequence (Vaidika Vignanam)",
        "url": "https://www.vignanam.org/english/nakshatra-suktam-nakshatreshti.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Taittirīya Nakshatra Sukta, verses 8–17 (Sanskrit Documents)",
        "url": "https://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_veda/nakshatra.html"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit uttara, later or following, with Phalgunī.",
      "note": "Uttara marks the later member of the pair. Monier-Williams attests both Uttara Phalgunī and Uttara Phālgunī. Phalguna has a reddish color sense; the compound’s place in the pair is clearer than a claim that its name means marriage or duty.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: uttara, uttaraphalgunī, uttaraphālgunī (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/37.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: phalguna, phalgunī (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/176.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Named textual convention with a historical variant",
      "note": "Aryaman is the declared deity convention here, while the cited Taittirīya presentation gives Bhaga. Partnership imagery supplies a reading vocabulary; it is not a test of commitment or a forecast of relationship duration.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: uttara, uttaraphalgunī, uttaraphālgunī (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/37.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: phalguna, phalgunī (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/176.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Vedāṅga Jyotiṣa, Yajurvedic verses 32–35 / Rigvedic verses 25–28, in Indian Astronomy: A Source-book §12.10.1",
          "url": "https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/indian-astronomy-a-source-book/ocr/1621529/160"
        },
        {
          "title": "Nakshatra Suktam: explicitly labeled Phalguni deity sequence (Vaidika Vignanam)",
          "url": "https://www.vignanam.org/english/nakshatra-suktam-nakshatreshti.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Taittirīya Nakshatra Sukta, verses 8–17 (Sanskrit Documents)",
          "url": "https://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_veda/nakshatra.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "related": [
      "nakshatra",
      "pada",
      "vimshottari-dasha"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "nakshatra-hasta",
    "term": "Hasta",
    "aliases": [
      "Hasta nakshatra"
    ],
    "definition": "The thirteenth mansion, named with the Sanskrit word for a hand and associated with Savitṛ in the cited Vedic hymn.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "caseSensitive": true,
    "wikiIndex": 22,
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: hasta (University of Hyderabad)",
        "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/314.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Taittirīya Nakshatra Sukta, verses 8–17 (Sanskrit Documents)",
        "url": "https://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_veda/nakshatra.html"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit hasta, hand.",
      "note": "Hasta is an ordinary Sanskrit word for a hand as well as the mansion name. Monier-Williams leaves its deeper derivation unknown. Interpretations about skill should not be presented as a separate literal root meaning.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: hasta (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/314.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Lexical image and Vedic ritual association",
      "note": "The hand is a documented name and image. Reading it as skill or agency is a symbolic extension; a Moon position cannot establish dexterity, work suitability or a medical condition.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: hasta (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/314.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Taittirīya Nakshatra Sukta, verses 8–17 (Sanskrit Documents)",
          "url": "https://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_veda/nakshatra.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "related": [
      "nakshatra",
      "pada",
      "vimshottari-dasha"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "nakshatra-chitra",
    "term": "Chitra",
    "aliases": [
      "Citrā",
      "Chitra nakshatra"
    ],
    "definition": "The fourteenth mansion, bearing a name associated with brightness and variety; the cited Vedic hymn names Tvaṣṭṛ.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "caseSensitive": true,
    "wikiIndex": 22,
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: citra, citrā (University of Hyderabad)",
        "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/89.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Taittirīya Nakshatra Sukta, verses 8–17 (Sanskrit Documents)",
        "url": "https://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_veda/nakshatra.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Minakshi Srivastava: Basics of Nakshatra, PDF p.64",
        "url": "https://jyotish.global/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/S10_JF-Basic-Level-II-Basics-of-Nakshatra-S4.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit Citrā, feminine of citra.",
      "note": "Citra has senses including bright, conspicuous and variegated. Its feminine form Citrā names the star Spica and the lunar mansion in Monier-Williams. A jewel is a symbolic association, not the sole literal meaning of the name.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: citra, citrā (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/89.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Lexical history and differing deity presentations",
      "note": "The hymn names Tvaṣṭṛ; a contemporary teaching uses Viśvakarman. This atlas preserves the source distinction. Creative imagery offers a symbolic reading, while neither the name nor its star association proves a personal talent.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: citra, citrā (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/89.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Taittirīya Nakshatra Sukta, verses 8–17 (Sanskrit Documents)",
          "url": "https://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_veda/nakshatra.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Minakshi Srivastava: Basics of Nakshatra, PDF p.64",
          "url": "https://jyotish.global/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/S10_JF-Basic-Level-II-Basics-of-Nakshatra-S4.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "related": [
      "nakshatra",
      "pada",
      "vimshottari-dasha"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "nakshatra-swati",
    "term": "Swati",
    "aliases": [
      "Svāti",
      "Svātī",
      "Swati nakshatra"
    ],
    "definition": "The fifteenth mansion. Its inherited name also designates Arcturus; Vedāṅga Jyotiṣa pairs it with Vāyu.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "caseSensitive": true,
    "wikiIndex": 22,
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: svāti (University of Hyderabad)",
        "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/311.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Vedāṅga Jyotiṣa, Yajurvedic verses 32–35 / Rigvedic verses 25–28, in Indian Astronomy: A Source-book §12.10.1",
        "url": "https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/indian-astronomy-a-source-book/ocr/1621529/160"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit Svāti; Svātī is also attested.",
      "note": "Monier-Williams records Svāti as the star Arcturus and a mansion name, explicitly leaving its derivation unknown. Independence is a later interpretive theme; it should not be supplied as a settled literal translation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: svāti (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/311.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Attested stellar name and practitioner symbolism",
      "note": "The stellar name is documented but its derivation remains uncertain in the cited dictionary. Wind and independence belong to the declared symbolic reading; they cannot be inferred as measured psychological traits.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: svāti (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/311.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Vedāṅga Jyotiṣa, Yajurvedic verses 32–35 / Rigvedic verses 25–28, in Indian Astronomy: A Source-book §12.10.1",
          "url": "https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/indian-astronomy-a-source-book/ocr/1621529/160"
        }
      ]
    },
    "related": [
      "nakshatra",
      "pada",
      "vimshottari-dasha"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "nakshatra-vishakha",
    "term": "Vishakha",
    "aliases": [
      "Viśākhā",
      "Visakha",
      "Vishakha nakshatra"
    ],
    "definition": "The sixteenth mansion, with a name associated with branching. Its traditional deity pairing is Indra and Agni.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "caseSensitive": true,
    "wikiIndex": 22,
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: viśākha, viśākhā (University of Hyderabad)",
        "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/235.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: viśākhā (University of Hyderabad)",
        "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/235.html"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit Viśākhā, feminine of viśākha.",
      "note": "Monier-Williams analyzes viśākha with vi- and śākha and records branched or forked among its senses. The feminine names the mansion. This supports a branch image, but not a claim that the name predicts divided loyalties or two marriages.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: viśākha, viśākhā (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/235.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Lexical record and traditional paired deities",
      "note": "The dictionary documents the name, arch image and dual deity association. Applying branching to a person’s choices is a metaphor; it does not justify claims about relationship outcomes or inevitable conflict.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: viśākha, viśākhā (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/235.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: viśākhā (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/235.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "related": [
      "nakshatra",
      "pada",
      "vimshottari-dasha"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "nakshatra-anuradha",
    "term": "Anuradha",
    "aliases": [
      "Anurādhā",
      "Anūrādhā",
      "Anuradha nakshatra"
    ],
    "definition": "The seventeenth mansion, also appearing as Anūrādhā in the cited Vedic hymn, where it is associated with Mitra.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "caseSensitive": true,
    "wikiIndex": 22,
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: anurādha, anurādhā (University of Hyderabad)",
        "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/8.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: anūrādha (University of Hyderabad)",
        "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/9.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Taittirīya Nakshatra Sukta, verses 8–17 (Sanskrit Documents)",
        "url": "https://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_veda/nakshatra.html"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit Anurādhā, with Vedic Anūrādhā also attested.",
      "note": "Monier-Williams records the mansion under Anurādhā and cross-refers to Anūrādhā. The related anūrādha means bringing welfare or happiness. This lexical connection is preserved without asserting a single definitive story of how the stellar name arose.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: anurādha, anurādhā (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/8.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: anūrādha (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/9.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Textual name variant and ritual deity association",
      "note": "The name’s variant and Mitra association are documented. Using them to explore cooperation is an interpretive choice; a mansion assignment alone does not measure trustworthiness or determine compatibility.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: anurādha, anurādhā (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/8.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: anūrādha (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/9.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Taittirīya Nakshatra Sukta, verses 8–17 (Sanskrit Documents)",
          "url": "https://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_veda/nakshatra.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "related": [
      "nakshatra",
      "pada",
      "vimshottari-dasha"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "nakshatra-jyeshtha",
    "term": "Jyeshtha",
    "aliases": [
      "Jyeṣṭhā",
      "Jyeshta",
      "Jyestha",
      "Jyeshtha nakshatra"
    ],
    "definition": "The eighteenth mansion, bearing a name meaning eldest or foremost and traditionally associated with Indra.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "caseSensitive": true,
    "wikiIndex": 22,
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: jyeṣṭha, jyeṣṭhā (University of Hyderabad)",
        "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/97.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: jyeṣṭhā (University of Hyderabad)",
        "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/97.html"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit Jyeṣṭhā, feminine of jyeṣṭha.",
      "note": "Jyeṣṭha means eldest, foremost or pre-eminent. The feminine Jyeṣṭhā names this mansion. The name is not Jyaiṣṭha, the related month name, and its seniority sense does not establish someone’s actual age or family position.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: jyeṣṭha, jyeṣṭhā (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/97.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Lexical seniority image and inherited deity association",
      "note": "The seniority sense and Indra association are historically documented. Their use as a theme of responsibility is symbolic; a Moon placement cannot establish actual birth order, authority or moral worth.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: jyeṣṭha, jyeṣṭhā (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/97.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: jyeṣṭhā (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/97.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "related": [
      "nakshatra",
      "pada",
      "vimshottari-dasha"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "nakshatra-mula",
    "term": "Mula",
    "aliases": [
      "Mūla",
      "Moola",
      "मूल"
    ],
    "caseSensitive": true,
    "definition": "The 19th lunar mansion in the Ashwini-first 27-division sequence. The atlas uses its name for an equal sidereal longitude sector; historical star groupings are a related but distinct layer.",
    "category": "Jyotish · lunar mansions",
    "wikiIndex": 22,
    "related": [
      "nakshatra",
      "vimshottari-dasha",
      "pada"
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit mūla, a root or foundation.",
      "note": "The dictionary records both the plant root and an underlying base or source. These attested senses support root imagery; a more remote derivation of the word is not asserted here.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): mūla — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/205.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Lexical attestation, ritual tradition and a stated coordinate convention",
      "note": "The root meaning and deity association are textual evidence. Describing a person as destructive or destined for suffering would be an additional, unsupported inference.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): mūla — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/205.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Vedāṅga Jyotiṣa YV 32–35 / RV 25–28, in Indian Astronomy: A Source-book §12.10.1",
          "url": "https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/indian-astronomy-a-source-book/ocr/1621529/160"
        },
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams and Apte: nirṛti — dictionary reprints at Kosha",
          "url": "https://kosha.sanskrit.today/word/sa/nirRti"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): mūla — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
        "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/205.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Vedāṅga Jyotiṣa YV 32–35 / RV 25–28, in Indian Astronomy: A Source-book §12.10.1",
        "url": "https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/indian-astronomy-a-source-book/ocr/1621529/160"
      },
      {
        "title": "Monier-Williams and Apte: nirṛti — dictionary reprints at Kosha",
        "url": "https://kosha.sanskrit.today/word/sa/nirRti"
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "nakshatra-purva-ashadha",
    "term": "Purva Ashadha",
    "aliases": [
      "Purva Ashada",
      "Poorva Ashadha",
      "Purvashadha",
      "Pūrvāṣāḍhā",
      "पूर्वाषाढा"
    ],
    "caseSensitive": true,
    "definition": "The 20th lunar mansion in the Ashwini-first 27-division sequence. The atlas uses its name for an equal sidereal longitude sector; historical star groupings are a related but distinct layer.",
    "category": "Jyotish · lunar mansions",
    "wikiIndex": 22,
    "related": [
      "nakshatra",
      "vimshottari-dasha",
      "pada"
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit pūrva, earlier, with aṣāḍhā, the paired mansion name.",
      "note": "Monier-Williams glosses aṣāḍha as not to be overcome. Pūrva distinguishes the earlier member of the pair; it does not promise an early victory.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): aṣāḍha / aṣāḍhā — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/23.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): pūrva / pūrvāṣāḍhā — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/161.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Lexical attestation, ritual tradition and a stated coordinate convention",
      "note": "A dictionary supports the name, and the cited deity sequence supplies its ritual association. Neither establishes a person's powers of persuasion or likelihood of victory.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): aṣāḍha / aṣāḍhā — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/23.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): pūrva / pūrvāṣāḍhā — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/161.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Vedāṅga Jyotiṣa YV 32–35 / RV 25–28, in Indian Astronomy: A Source-book §12.10.1",
          "url": "https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/indian-astronomy-a-source-book/ocr/1621529/160"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): aṣāḍha / aṣāḍhā — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
        "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/23.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): pūrva / pūrvāṣāḍhā — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
        "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/161.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Vedāṅga Jyotiṣa YV 32–35 / RV 25–28, in Indian Astronomy: A Source-book §12.10.1",
        "url": "https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/indian-astronomy-a-source-book/ocr/1621529/160"
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "nakshatra-uttara-ashadha",
    "term": "Uttara Ashadha",
    "aliases": [
      "Uttara Ashada",
      "Uttarashadha",
      "Uttarashada",
      "Uttarāṣāḍhā",
      "उत्तराषाढा"
    ],
    "caseSensitive": true,
    "definition": "The 21st lunar mansion in the Ashwini-first 27-division sequence. The atlas uses its name for an equal sidereal longitude sector; historical star groupings are a related but distinct layer.",
    "category": "Jyotish · lunar mansions",
    "wikiIndex": 22,
    "related": [
      "nakshatra",
      "vimshottari-dasha",
      "pada"
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit uttara, later, with aṣāḍhā, the paired mansion name.",
      "note": "The pair shares the not-to-be-overcome sense of aṣāḍha. Uttara marks the later member; 'later victory' is a symbolic extension rather than the whole word's literal definition.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): aṣāḍha / aṣāḍhā — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/23.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): uttara / uttarāṣāḍhā — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/37.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Lexical attestation, ritual tradition and a stated coordinate convention",
      "note": "The paired name and collective deity are historical attestations. A reading about cooperation is an interpretive use of them, not an observed effect of lunar longitude.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): aṣāḍha / aṣāḍhā — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/23.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): uttara / uttarāṣāḍhā — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/37.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Vedāṅga Jyotiṣa YV 32–35 / RV 25–28, in Indian Astronomy: A Source-book §12.10.1",
          "url": "https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/indian-astronomy-a-source-book/ocr/1621529/160"
        },
        {
          "title": "Rigveda 7.35: Viśvedevas — R. T. H. Griffith translation",
          "url": "https://sacred-texts.com/hin/rigveda/rv07035.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): aṣāḍha / aṣāḍhā — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
        "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/23.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): uttara / uttarāṣāḍhā — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
        "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/37.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Vedāṅga Jyotiṣa YV 32–35 / RV 25–28, in Indian Astronomy: A Source-book §12.10.1",
        "url": "https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/indian-astronomy-a-source-book/ocr/1621529/160"
      },
      {
        "title": "Rigveda 7.35: Viśvedevas — R. T. H. Griffith translation",
        "url": "https://sacred-texts.com/hin/rigveda/rv07035.htm"
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "nakshatra-shravana",
    "term": "Shravana",
    "aliases": [
      "Sravana",
      "Śravaṇa",
      "श्रवण"
    ],
    "caseSensitive": true,
    "definition": "The 22nd lunar mansion in the Ashwini-first 27-division sequence. The atlas uses its name for an equal sidereal longitude sector; historical star groupings are a related but distinct layer.",
    "category": "Jyotish · lunar mansions",
    "wikiIndex": 22,
    "related": [
      "nakshatra",
      "vimshottari-dasha",
      "pada"
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit śravaṇa; familiar as hearing or listening, but also a distinct homonymous dictionary headword.",
      "note": "Monier-Williams separates the hearing word from another śravaṇa entry that contains the mansion name and a limping sense. Listening is therefore a familiar association here, not an uncontested derivation of the astronomical name.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams and Wilson: śravaṇa — dictionary reprints at Kosha",
          "url": "https://kosha.sanskrit.today/word/sa/श्रवण"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Lexical attestation, ritual tradition and a stated coordinate convention",
      "note": "The dictionaries preserve distinct word histories and an asterism association. This entry keeps that uncertainty visible instead of turning an attractive listening theme into a certain historical etymology.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams and Wilson: śravaṇa — dictionary reprints at Kosha",
          "url": "https://kosha.sanskrit.today/word/sa/श्रवण"
        },
        {
          "title": "Vedāṅga Jyotiṣa YV 32–35 / RV 25–28, in Indian Astronomy: A Source-book §12.10.1",
          "url": "https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/indian-astronomy-a-source-book/ocr/1621529/160"
        },
        {
          "title": "Rigveda 1.154: Viṣṇu — R. T. H. Griffith translation",
          "url": "https://sacred-texts.com/hin/rigveda/rv01154.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Monier-Williams and Wilson: śravaṇa — dictionary reprints at Kosha",
        "url": "https://kosha.sanskrit.today/word/sa/श्रवण"
      },
      {
        "title": "Vedāṅga Jyotiṣa YV 32–35 / RV 25–28, in Indian Astronomy: A Source-book §12.10.1",
        "url": "https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/indian-astronomy-a-source-book/ocr/1621529/160"
      },
      {
        "title": "Rigveda 1.154: Viṣṇu — R. T. H. Griffith translation",
        "url": "https://sacred-texts.com/hin/rigveda/rv01154.htm"
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "nakshatra-dhanishta",
    "term": "Dhanishta",
    "aliases": [
      "Dhanishtha",
      "Dhanistha",
      "Dhaniṣṭhā",
      "Shravishtha",
      "Śraviṣṭhā",
      "धनिष्ठा"
    ],
    "caseSensitive": true,
    "definition": "The 23rd lunar mansion in the Ashwini-first 27-division sequence. The atlas uses its name for an equal sidereal longitude sector; historical star groupings are a related but distinct layer.",
    "category": "Jyotish · lunar mansions",
    "wikiIndex": 22,
    "related": [
      "nakshatra",
      "vimshottari-dasha",
      "pada"
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit dhaniṣṭhā, the feminine form of a superlative meaning very wealthy.",
      "note": "Vaidya relates dhaniṣṭha to dhan-in / dhanavat, wealthy. Monier-Williams calls Dhaniṣṭhā a later name for Śraviṣṭhā. Splitting it into 'wealth' plus 'desired' is not the analysis followed here.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "L. R. Vaidya, Monier-Williams and Wilson: dhaniṣṭhā — dictionary reprints at Kosha",
          "url": "https://kosha.sanskrit.today/word/sa/धनिष्ठा"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Lexical attestation, ritual tradition and a stated coordinate convention",
      "note": "Historical lexicons attest the wealthy-word family, an earlier name and drum imagery. Turning those associations into a person's income, talents or fate requires claims the lexical evidence does not establish.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "L. R. Vaidya, Monier-Williams and Wilson: dhaniṣṭhā — dictionary reprints at Kosha",
          "url": "https://kosha.sanskrit.today/word/sa/धनिष्ठा"
        },
        {
          "title": "Vedāṅga Jyotiṣa YV 32–35 / RV 25–28, in Indian Astronomy: A Source-book §12.10.1",
          "url": "https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/indian-astronomy-a-source-book/ocr/1621529/160"
        },
        {
          "title": "Rigveda 7.35: Viśvedevas — R. T. H. Griffith translation",
          "url": "https://sacred-texts.com/hin/rigveda/rv07035.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "L. R. Vaidya, Monier-Williams and Wilson: dhaniṣṭhā — dictionary reprints at Kosha",
        "url": "https://kosha.sanskrit.today/word/sa/धनिष्ठा"
      },
      {
        "title": "Vedāṅga Jyotiṣa YV 32–35 / RV 25–28, in Indian Astronomy: A Source-book §12.10.1",
        "url": "https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/indian-astronomy-a-source-book/ocr/1621529/160"
      },
      {
        "title": "Rigveda 7.35: Viśvedevas — R. T. H. Griffith translation",
        "url": "https://sacred-texts.com/hin/rigveda/rv07035.htm"
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "nakshatra-shatabhisha",
    "term": "Shatabhisha",
    "aliases": [
      "Shatabhishaj",
      "Shatabhishak",
      "Satabhisha",
      "Śatabhiṣaj",
      "Śatabhiṣā",
      "शतभिषा"
    ],
    "caseSensitive": true,
    "definition": "The 24th lunar mansion in the Ashwini-first 27-division sequence. The atlas uses its name for an equal sidereal longitude sector; historical star groupings are a related but distinct layer.",
    "category": "Jyotish · lunar mansions",
    "wikiIndex": 22,
    "related": [
      "nakshatra",
      "vimshottari-dasha",
      "pada"
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit śatabhiṣaj, combining śata, hundred, and bhiṣaj, physician; Śatabhiṣā is an attested variant.",
      "note": "The compact 'hundred physicians' rendering is not the only construction: Monier-Williams gives the sense of requiring that many. The name neither promises healing nor establishes an incurable condition.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): śatabhiṣaj / śatabhiṣā — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/256.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Lexical attestation, ritual tradition and a stated coordinate convention",
      "note": "The old name and deity association document cultural history. The dictionary also repeats historical medical beliefs; recording a word does not validate those beliefs as medicine.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): śatabhiṣaj / śatabhiṣā — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/256.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Vedāṅga Jyotiṣa YV 32–35 / RV 25–28, in Indian Astronomy: A Source-book §12.10.1",
          "url": "https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/indian-astronomy-a-source-book/ocr/1621529/160"
        },
        {
          "title": "Rigveda 1.24: Varuṇa — R. T. H. Griffith translation",
          "url": "https://sacred-texts.com/hin/rigveda/rv01024.htm"
        },
        {
          "title": "Maitrāyaṇī Saṃhitā 2.13.20 — Sanskrit transcription",
          "url": "https://www.vaidhikadharma.org/maitrayani-samhita/kanda-2/prapathaka-13/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): śatabhiṣaj / śatabhiṣā — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
        "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/256.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Vedāṅga Jyotiṣa YV 32–35 / RV 25–28, in Indian Astronomy: A Source-book §12.10.1",
        "url": "https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/indian-astronomy-a-source-book/ocr/1621529/160"
      },
      {
        "title": "Rigveda 1.24: Varuṇa — R. T. H. Griffith translation",
        "url": "https://sacred-texts.com/hin/rigveda/rv01024.htm"
      },
      {
        "title": "Maitrāyaṇī Saṃhitā 2.13.20 — Sanskrit transcription",
        "url": "https://www.vaidhikadharma.org/maitrayani-samhita/kanda-2/prapathaka-13/"
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "nakshatra-purva-bhadrapada",
    "term": "Purva Bhadrapada",
    "aliases": [
      "Poorva Bhadrapada",
      "Purvabhadrapada",
      "Pūrva Bhādrapadā",
      "Purva Prosthapada",
      "Pūrva Proṣṭhapadā",
      "पूर्वभाद्रपदा"
    ],
    "caseSensitive": true,
    "definition": "The 25th lunar mansion in the Ashwini-first 27-division sequence. The atlas uses its name for an equal sidereal longitude sector; historical star groupings are a related but distinct layer.",
    "category": "Jyotish · lunar mansions",
    "wikiIndex": 22,
    "related": [
      "nakshatra",
      "vimshottari-dasha",
      "pada"
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit pūrva, earlier, with bhadra, auspicious, and pada, foot; Bhādrapadā names the pair.",
      "note": "Keep Bhādrapadā distinct from the older Proṣṭhapadā, which Monier-Williams explains through the foot of a stool. A funeral cot is not the literal definition of the modern name used here.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): bhadra / bhadrapadā — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/185.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): proṣṭha / proṣṭhapada — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/175.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): pūrvabhādrapada — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/161.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Lexical attestation, ritual tradition and a stated coordinate convention",
      "note": "The names and deity lists belong to identifiable textual traditions. The reflection on commitment is original editorial material, not an ancient rule inferred from the mansion's name.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): bhadra / bhadrapadā — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/185.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): proṣṭha / proṣṭhapada — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/175.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): pūrvabhādrapada — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/161.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Vedāṅga Jyotiṣa YV 32–35 / RV 25–28, in Indian Astronomy: A Source-book §12.10.1",
          "url": "https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/indian-astronomy-a-source-book/ocr/1621529/160"
        },
        {
          "title": "Rigveda 7.35: Viśvedevas — R. T. H. Griffith translation",
          "url": "https://sacred-texts.com/hin/rigveda/rv07035.htm"
        },
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): aja / ajaikapād — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/3.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Maitrāyaṇī Saṃhitā 2.13.20 — Sanskrit transcription",
          "url": "https://www.vaidhikadharma.org/maitrayani-samhita/kanda-2/prapathaka-13/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): bhadra / bhadrapadā — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
        "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/185.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): proṣṭha / proṣṭhapada — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
        "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/175.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): pūrvabhādrapada — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
        "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/161.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Vedāṅga Jyotiṣa YV 32–35 / RV 25–28, in Indian Astronomy: A Source-book §12.10.1",
        "url": "https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/indian-astronomy-a-source-book/ocr/1621529/160"
      },
      {
        "title": "Rigveda 7.35: Viśvedevas — R. T. H. Griffith translation",
        "url": "https://sacred-texts.com/hin/rigveda/rv07035.htm"
      },
      {
        "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): aja / ajaikapād — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
        "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/3.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Maitrāyaṇī Saṃhitā 2.13.20 — Sanskrit transcription",
        "url": "https://www.vaidhikadharma.org/maitrayani-samhita/kanda-2/prapathaka-13/"
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "nakshatra-uttara-bhadrapada",
    "term": "Uttara Bhadrapada",
    "aliases": [
      "Uttarabhadrapada",
      "Uttara Bhādrapadā",
      "Uttara Prosthapada",
      "Uttara Proṣṭhapadā",
      "उत्तरभाद्रपदा"
    ],
    "caseSensitive": true,
    "definition": "The 26th lunar mansion in the Ashwini-first 27-division sequence. The atlas uses its name for an equal sidereal longitude sector; historical star groupings are a related but distinct layer.",
    "category": "Jyotish · lunar mansions",
    "wikiIndex": 22,
    "related": [
      "nakshatra",
      "vimshottari-dasha",
      "pada"
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit uttara, later, with bhadra, auspicious, and pada, foot; Bhādrapadā names the pair.",
      "note": "The paired older name Proṣṭhapadā concerns a stool's foot. That furniture association should not replace Bhādrapadā's distinct wording or become an automatic prediction about funerals.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): bhadra / bhadrapadā — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/185.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): proṣṭha / proṣṭhapada — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/175.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): uttarabhādrapadā — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/37.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Lexical attestation, ritual tradition and a stated coordinate convention",
      "note": "Dictionary evidence supports the names and the deity's depth imagery. An inner-life reading is an explicitly symbolic use of that evidence, not a finding about a person's mind.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): bhadra / bhadrapadā — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/185.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): proṣṭha / proṣṭhapada — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/175.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): uttarabhādrapadā — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/37.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Vedāṅga Jyotiṣa YV 32–35 / RV 25–28, in Indian Astronomy: A Source-book §12.10.1",
          "url": "https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/indian-astronomy-a-source-book/ocr/1621529/160"
        },
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): ahirbudhnya — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/24.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Maitrāyaṇī Saṃhitā 2.13.20 — Sanskrit transcription",
          "url": "https://www.vaidhikadharma.org/maitrayani-samhita/kanda-2/prapathaka-13/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): bhadra / bhadrapadā — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
        "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/185.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): proṣṭha / proṣṭhapada — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
        "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/175.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): uttarabhādrapadā — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
        "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/37.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Vedāṅga Jyotiṣa YV 32–35 / RV 25–28, in Indian Astronomy: A Source-book §12.10.1",
        "url": "https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/indian-astronomy-a-source-book/ocr/1621529/160"
      },
      {
        "title": "Monier-Williams (1899): ahirbudhnya — University of Hyderabad digital edition",
        "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/24.html"
      },
      {
        "title": "Maitrāyaṇī Saṃhitā 2.13.20 — Sanskrit transcription",
        "url": "https://www.vaidhikadharma.org/maitrayani-samhita/kanda-2/prapathaka-13/"
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "nakshatra-revati",
    "term": "Revati",
    "aliases": [
      "Revatī",
      "Revathi",
      "रेवती"
    ],
    "caseSensitive": true,
    "definition": "The 27th lunar mansion in the Ashwini-first 27-division sequence. The atlas uses its name for an equal sidereal longitude sector; historical star groupings are a related but distinct layer.",
    "category": "Jyotish · lunar mansions",
    "wikiIndex": 22,
    "related": [
      "nakshatra",
      "vimshottari-dasha",
      "pada"
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit revatī, feminine of revat, wealthy or abundant.",
      "note": "The lexicons connect the word with the wealth vocabulary of rayi. Revatī is also used for other proper names; those namesakes are not automatically the mansion's presiding deity.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams, Capeller and Benfey: revat / revatī — dictionary reprints at Kosha",
          "url": "https://kosha.sanskrit.today/word/sa/रेवत्"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Lexical attestation, ritual tradition and a stated coordinate convention",
      "note": "The wealthy-word family and a guiding deity are historically attested. The gentle transition reading is an original symbolic application, not proof of a person's destiny.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams, Capeller and Benfey: revat / revatī — dictionary reprints at Kosha",
          "url": "https://kosha.sanskrit.today/word/sa/रेवत्"
        },
        {
          "title": "Vedāṅga Jyotiṣa YV 32–35 / RV 25–28, in Indian Astronomy: A Source-book §12.10.1",
          "url": "https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/indian-astronomy-a-source-book/ocr/1621529/160"
        },
        {
          "title": "Rigveda 6.54: Pūṣan — R. T. H. Griffith translation",
          "url": "https://sacred-texts.com/hin/rigveda/rv06054.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Monier-Williams, Capeller and Benfey: revat / revatī — dictionary reprints at Kosha",
        "url": "https://kosha.sanskrit.today/word/sa/रेवत्"
      },
      {
        "title": "Vedāṅga Jyotiṣa YV 32–35 / RV 25–28, in Indian Astronomy: A Source-book §12.10.1",
        "url": "https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/indian-astronomy-a-source-book/ocr/1621529/160"
      },
      {
        "title": "Rigveda 6.54: Pūṣan — R. T. H. Griffith translation",
        "url": "https://sacred-texts.com/hin/rigveda/rv06054.htm"
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "hora-chart",
    "term": "Hora chart",
    "aliases": [
      "Horā chart",
      "Hora",
      "D2"
    ],
    "definition": "A Jyotish divisional chart based on the two halves of each zodiac sign.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "wikiIndex": 23,
    "caseSensitive": true,
    "related": [
      "varga",
      "rashi-chart",
      "navamsa"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra, Sanskrit chapter 6.2–4: sixteen names (printed p. 68)",
        "url": "https://vyaspanchang.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/ब्रुहत्पाराशर-होरा-शास्त्रं.pdf#page=67"
      },
      {
        "title": "Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra, chapter 6: divisional definitions",
        "url": "https://jyotishvidya.com/ch6.htm"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Greek loan into Sanskrit: horā.",
      "note": "Monier-Williams identifies horā as borrowed from Greek and records hour, half-sign and horoscopy senses. Here it names the half-sign chart; a planetary hour is a different application of the same word.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: horā (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/317.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Declared Hora construction",
      "note": "The half-sign assignment can be checked against the source longitude. A Sun/Moon division does not uniquely settle how every school draws a Hora chart; the two-sign construction must be named. Neither its geometry nor its lexical history verifies a life interpretation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra, chapter 6: divisional definitions",
          "url": "https://jyotishvidya.com/ch6.htm"
        },
        {
          "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao, Personal Finances from Hora Chart (2003), pp. 1–2",
          "url": "https://www.vedicastrologer.org/articles/hora.pdf"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "drekkana",
    "term": "Drekkana",
    "aliases": [
      "Drekkāṇa",
      "Drekkana chart",
      "Dreshkana",
      "D3"
    ],
    "definition": "A Jyotish chart mapping the three ten-degree portions of each zodiac sign.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "wikiIndex": 23,
    "caseSensitive": true,
    "related": [
      "varga",
      "rashi-chart",
      "navamsa"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra, Sanskrit chapter 6.2–4: sixteen names (printed p. 68)",
        "url": "https://vyaspanchang.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/ब्रुहत्पाराशर-होरा-शास्त्रं.pdf#page=67"
      },
      {
        "title": "Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra, chapter 6: divisional definitions",
        "url": "https://jyotishvidya.com/ch6.htm"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Attested Sanskrit technical name: drekkāṇa.",
      "note": "The dictionary cross-references drekkāṇa to dṛkāṇa, a third of a zodiac sign. The spelling variants are documented; a deeper historical derivation is not asserted here.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: drekkāṇa (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/124.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: dṛkāṇa (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/121.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Third-part mapping convention",
      "note": "A third of a 30° sign is 10°. That partition is reproducible, while the destination-sign rule and reading convention must also be stated. Shared ten-degree widths do not make Indian and Western decan interpretations interchangeable.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra, chapter 6: divisional definitions",
          "url": "https://jyotishvidya.com/ch6.htm"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "chaturthamsa",
    "term": "Chaturthamsa",
    "aliases": [
      "Caturthāṃśa",
      "Chaturthamsha",
      "Chaturthamsa chart",
      "D4"
    ],
    "definition": "The D4 Jyotish chart, derived from 4 portions of each zodiac sign under a declared rule.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "wikiIndex": 23,
    "caseSensitive": true,
    "related": [
      "varga",
      "rashi-chart",
      "navamsa"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra, Sanskrit chapter 6.2–4: sixteen names (printed p. 68)",
        "url": "https://vyaspanchang.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/ब्रुहत्पाराशर-होरा-शास्त्रं.pdf#page=67"
      },
      {
        "title": "Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra, chapter 6: divisional definitions",
        "url": "https://jyotishvidya.com/ch6.htm"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit compound: caturthāṃśa.",
      "note": "Caturtha means fourth and aṃśa a portion. The compound is recorded as a fourth part; D4 is the modern chart abbreviation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: caturtha; caturthāṃśa (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/87.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: aṃśa (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/1.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Fourth-part mapping convention",
      "note": "The D4 result is derived from the selected reference longitude and a declared rule. Reproducing the same partition supports a calculation claim; it does not by itself support a prediction about a home or property.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra, chapter 6: divisional definitions",
          "url": "https://jyotishvidya.com/ch6.htm"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "saptamsa",
    "term": "Saptamsa",
    "aliases": [
      "Saptāṃśa",
      "Saptamsha",
      "Saptamsa chart",
      "D7"
    ],
    "definition": "The D7 Jyotish chart, derived from 7 portions of each zodiac sign under a declared rule.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "wikiIndex": 23,
    "caseSensitive": true,
    "related": [
      "varga",
      "rashi-chart",
      "navamsa"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra, Sanskrit chapter 6.2–4: sixteen names (printed p. 68)",
        "url": "https://vyaspanchang.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/ब्रुहत्पाराशर-होरा-शास्त्रं.pdf#page=67"
      },
      {
        "title": "Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra, chapter 6: divisional definitions",
        "url": "https://jyotishvidya.com/ch6.htm"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit numerical compound: saptāṃśa.",
      "note": "Sapta means seven and aṃśa a portion. The chart name identifies a seventh-part division, with the adjoining a vowels forming ā.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: saptan; sapta (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/280.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: aṃśa (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/1.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Seventh-part mapping convention",
      "note": "Seven parts do not have an exact terminating decimal width in degrees, so rounded labels should not determine the partition. A reproducible destination sign does not validate conclusions about reproduction or a child.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra, chapter 6: divisional definitions",
          "url": "https://jyotishvidya.com/ch6.htm"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "dasamsa",
    "term": "Dasamsa",
    "aliases": [
      "Daśāṃśa",
      "Dashamsha",
      "Dasamsa chart",
      "D10"
    ],
    "definition": "The D10 Jyotish chart, derived from 10 portions of each zodiac sign under a declared rule.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "wikiIndex": 23,
    "caseSensitive": true,
    "related": [
      "varga",
      "rashi-chart",
      "navamsa"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra, Sanskrit chapter 6.2–4: sixteen names (printed p. 68)",
        "url": "https://vyaspanchang.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/ब्रुहत्पाराशर-होरा-शास्त्रं.pdf#page=67"
      },
      {
        "title": "Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra, chapter 6: divisional definitions",
        "url": "https://jyotishvidya.com/ch6.htm"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit numerical compound: daśāṃśa.",
      "note": "Daśa means ten and aṃśa a portion: the tenth-part name. The first element is the number daśa, not the separate word daśā used for a state or planetary period.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: daśāṃśa (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/115.html#dazaa.mza"
        },
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: aṃśa (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/1.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra, Sanskrit chapter 6.2–4: sixteen names (printed p. 68)",
          "url": "https://vyaspanchang.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/ब्रुहत्पाराशर-होरा-शास्त्रं.pdf#page=67"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Tenth-part mapping convention",
      "note": "The chart transforms D1 inputs under a declared division rule. A change in source data or method can change the result. Interpreting that result as a work theme is a further traditional step, not an astronomical observation of a second sky.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra, chapter 6: divisional definitions",
          "url": "https://jyotishvidya.com/ch6.htm"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "dvadasamsa",
    "term": "Dvadasamsa",
    "aliases": [
      "Dvādaśāṃśa",
      "Dvadashamsha",
      "Dwadashamsha",
      "D12"
    ],
    "definition": "The D12 Jyotish chart, derived from 12 portions of each zodiac sign under a declared rule.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "wikiIndex": 23,
    "caseSensitive": true,
    "related": [
      "varga",
      "rashi-chart",
      "navamsa"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra, Sanskrit chapter 6.2–4: sixteen names (printed p. 68)",
        "url": "https://vyaspanchang.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/ब्रुहत्पाराशर-होरा-शास्त्रं.pdf#page=67"
      },
      {
        "title": "Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra, chapter 6: divisional definitions",
        "url": "https://jyotishvidya.com/ch6.htm"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit numerical compound: dvādaśāṃśa.",
      "note": "Dvādaśa means twelve; aṃśa means a portion. The name designates a twelfth part, also recorded in the dictionary’s zodiac vocabulary.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: dvādaśan; dvādaśa; dvādaśāṃsa (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/124.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: aṃśa (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/1.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Twelfth-part mapping convention",
      "note": "The arithmetic can locate a graha in a twelfth-part division. A family interpretation remains a symbolic reading; it cannot independently establish facts about parents, inheritance or ancestry.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra, chapter 6: divisional definitions",
          "url": "https://jyotishvidya.com/ch6.htm"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "shodasamsa",
    "term": "Shodasamsa",
    "aliases": [
      "Ṣoḍaśāṃśa",
      "Shodashamsha",
      "D16"
    ],
    "definition": "The D16 Jyotish chart, derived from 16 portions of each zodiac sign under a declared rule.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "wikiIndex": 23,
    "caseSensitive": true,
    "related": [
      "varga",
      "rashi-chart",
      "navamsa"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra, Sanskrit chapter 6.2–4: sixteen names (printed p. 68)",
        "url": "https://vyaspanchang.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/ब्रुहत्पाराशर-होरा-शास्त्रं.pdf#page=67"
      },
      {
        "title": "Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra, chapter 6: divisional definitions",
        "url": "https://jyotishvidya.com/ch6.htm"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit compound: ṣoḍaśāṃśa.",
      "note": "Ṣoḍaśa is the sixteen/sixteenth numeral and aṃśa a portion. The dictionary records the full compound for a sixteenth part.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: ṣoḍaśa; ṣoḍaśāṃśa (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/271.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: aṃśa (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/1.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Sixteenth-part mapping convention",
      "note": "This chart is calculated from finer portions of the same natal longitude. More subdivisions do not create more reliable input data, and a repeated pattern across derived charts is not an independent observation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra, chapter 6: divisional definitions",
          "url": "https://jyotishvidya.com/ch6.htm"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "vimsamsa",
    "term": "Vimsamsa",
    "aliases": [
      "Viṃśāṃśa",
      "Vimshamsha",
      "D20"
    ],
    "definition": "The D20 Jyotish chart, derived from 20 portions of each zodiac sign under a declared rule.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "wikiIndex": 23,
    "caseSensitive": true,
    "related": [
      "varga",
      "rashi-chart",
      "navamsa"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra, Sanskrit chapter 6.2–4: sixteen names (printed p. 68)",
        "url": "https://vyaspanchang.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/ब्रुहत्पाराशर-होरा-शास्त्रं.pdf#page=67"
      },
      {
        "title": "Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra, chapter 6: divisional definitions",
        "url": "https://jyotishvidya.com/ch6.htm"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit compound: viṃśāṃśa.",
      "note": "Viṃśa means twentieth and aṃśa a portion. Viṃśāṃśa is recorded as a twentieth part; the numeral does not itself specify a life topic.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: viṃśa; viṃśāṃśa (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/236.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: aṃśa (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/1.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Twentieth-part mapping convention",
      "note": "D20 is a declared remapping of natal longitude. Its reproducibility concerns that map; claims about religious life are interpretive commitments and cannot be read as measurements of a person’s spiritual standing.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra, chapter 6: divisional definitions",
          "url": "https://jyotishvidya.com/ch6.htm"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "chaturvimsamsa",
    "term": "Chaturvimsamsa",
    "aliases": [
      "Caturviṃśāṃśa",
      "Chaturvimshamsha",
      "D24"
    ],
    "definition": "The D24 Jyotish chart, derived from 24 portions of each zodiac sign under a declared rule.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "wikiIndex": 23,
    "caseSensitive": true,
    "related": [
      "varga",
      "rashi-chart",
      "navamsa"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra, Sanskrit chapter 6.2–4: sixteen names (printed p. 68)",
        "url": "https://vyaspanchang.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/ब्रुहत्पाराशर-होरा-शास्त्रं.pdf#page=67"
      },
      {
        "title": "Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra, chapter 6: divisional definitions",
        "url": "https://jyotishvidya.com/ch6.htm"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit numerical compound: caturviṃśāṃśa.",
      "note": "Caturviṃśa means twenty-fourth and aṃśa a portion. This is the numerical name of D24; its alternative traditional name Siddhamsa is distinct.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: caturviṃśa (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/87.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: aṃśa (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/1.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra, Sanskrit chapter 6.2–4: sixteen names (printed p. 68)",
          "url": "https://vyaspanchang.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/ब्रुहत्पाराशर-होरा-शास्त्रं.pdf#page=67"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Twenty-fourth-part convention with documented alternatives",
      "note": "The conventional forward sequence and Rao’s later even-sign reversal are distinct methods. Results are comparable only when the method and zodiac reference agree. Neither version is an empirical test of educational ability.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra, chapter 6: divisional definitions",
          "url": "https://jyotishvidya.com/ch6.htm"
        },
        {
          "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao, Correct Siddhamsa Chart of Parasara (2012), pp. 1–2",
          "url": "https://www.vedicastrologer.org/articles/para_d24.pdf"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "saptavimsamsa",
    "term": "Saptavimsamsa",
    "aliases": [
      "Saptaviṃśāṃśa",
      "Saptavimshamsha",
      "D27"
    ],
    "definition": "The D27 Jyotish chart, derived from 27 portions of each zodiac sign under a declared rule.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "wikiIndex": 23,
    "caseSensitive": true,
    "related": [
      "varga",
      "rashi-chart",
      "navamsa"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra, Sanskrit chapter 6.2–4: sixteen names (printed p. 68)",
        "url": "https://vyaspanchang.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/ब्रुहत्पाराशर-होरा-शास्त्रं.pdf#page=67"
      },
      {
        "title": "Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra, chapter 6: divisional definitions",
        "url": "https://jyotishvidya.com/ch6.htm"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit numerical compound: saptaviṃśāṃśa.",
      "note": "Saptaviṃśa means twenty-seventh and aṃśa a portion. The numerical name describes D27; it does not mean that a body occupies the same named lunar mansion in the original sky.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: saptaviṃśa (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/280.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: aṃśa (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/1.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Twenty-seventh-part mapping convention",
      "note": "This division partitions each zodiac sign, whereas the equal nakshatra scheme partitions the whole zodiac. They share the number 27 but answer different coordinate questions. Interpretive claims about personal capacity are separate from these calculations.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra, chapter 6: divisional definitions",
          "url": "https://jyotishvidya.com/ch6.htm"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "trimsamsa",
    "term": "Trimsamsa",
    "aliases": [
      "Triṃśāṃśa",
      "Trimshamsha",
      "D30"
    ],
    "definition": "The D30 Jyotish chart; the selected Parashari method assigns five unequal portions per sign.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "wikiIndex": 23,
    "caseSensitive": true,
    "related": [
      "varga",
      "rashi-chart",
      "navamsa"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra, Sanskrit chapter 6.2–4: sixteen names (printed p. 68)",
        "url": "https://vyaspanchang.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/ब्रुहत्पाराशर-होरा-शास्त्रं.pdf#page=67"
      },
      {
        "title": "Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra, chapter 6: divisional definitions",
        "url": "https://jyotishvidya.com/ch6.htm"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit compound: triṃśāṃśa.",
      "note": "The dictionary records triṃśāṃśa as a thirtieth of a zodiac sign, or a degree. This lexical meaning should not be mistaken for the complete rule of the unequal Parashari D30 chart.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: triṃśa; triṃśāṃśa (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/111.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra, chapter 6: divisional definitions",
          "url": "https://jyotishvidya.com/ch6.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Unequal-portion mapping convention",
      "note": "Under the selected Parashari rule, D30 assigns five unequal source intervals to signs. A unique transformed degree is not supplied by that sign assignment. The traditional vocabulary of difficulty must not be taken as evidence of disease, fault or inevitable harm.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra, chapter 6: divisional definitions",
          "url": "https://jyotishvidya.com/ch6.htm"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "khavedamsa",
    "term": "Khavedamsa",
    "aliases": [
      "Khavedāṃśa",
      "Khavedamsha",
      "Chatvarimsamsa",
      "D40"
    ],
    "definition": "The D40 Jyotish chart, derived from 40 portions of each zodiac sign under a declared rule.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "wikiIndex": 23,
    "caseSensitive": true,
    "related": [
      "varga",
      "rashi-chart",
      "navamsa"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra, Sanskrit chapter 6.2–4: sixteen names (printed p. 68)",
        "url": "https://vyaspanchang.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/ब्रुहत्पाराशर-होरा-शास्त्रं.pdf#page=67"
      },
      {
        "title": "Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra, chapter 6: divisional definitions",
        "url": "https://jyotishvidya.com/ch6.htm"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Traditional Sanskrit name: khavedāṃśa.",
      "note": "Aṃśa means a portion. The alternative numerical name Catvāriṃśāṃśa identifies a fortieth part. Khavedāṃśa is attested in the classical list, but a precise historical explanation of khaveda’s formation is not established here.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra, Sanskrit chapter 6.2–4: sixteen names (printed p. 68)",
          "url": "https://vyaspanchang.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/ब्रुहत्पाराशर-होरा-शास्त्रं.pdf#page=67"
        },
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: catvāriṃśa; catvāriṃśat (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/87.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: aṃśa (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/1.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra, chapter 6: divisional definitions",
          "url": "https://jyotishvidya.com/ch6.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Fortieth-part mapping convention",
      "note": "A fine partition can be reproduced once the input and method are fixed. Traditional favorable or unfavorable classifications are judgments within a school; the chart does not verify that an event will occur or that a person deserves it.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra, chapter 6: divisional definitions",
          "url": "https://jyotishvidya.com/ch6.htm"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "akshavedamsa",
    "term": "Akshavedamsa",
    "aliases": [
      "Akṣavedāṃśa",
      "Akshavedamsha",
      "D45"
    ],
    "definition": "The D45 Jyotish chart, derived from 45 portions of each zodiac sign under a declared rule.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "wikiIndex": 23,
    "caseSensitive": true,
    "related": [
      "varga",
      "rashi-chart",
      "navamsa"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra, Sanskrit chapter 6.2–4: sixteen names (printed p. 68)",
        "url": "https://vyaspanchang.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/ब्रुहत्पाराशर-होरा-शास्त्रं.pdf#page=67"
      },
      {
        "title": "Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra, chapter 6: divisional definitions",
        "url": "https://jyotishvidya.com/ch6.htm"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Traditional Sanskrit name: akṣavedāṃśa.",
      "note": "The final aṃśa means a portion; the forty-fifth division is the attested chart identity. Pañcacatvāriṃśat means forty-five, but that numerical paraphrase does not establish how the older name akṣaveda was coined.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra, Sanskrit chapter 6.2–4: sixteen names (printed p. 68)",
          "url": "https://vyaspanchang.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/ब्रुहत्पाराशर-होरा-शास्त्रं.pdf#page=67"
        },
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: pañcacatvāriṃśat (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/146.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: aṃśa (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/1.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra, chapter 6: divisional definitions",
          "url": "https://jyotishvidya.com/ch6.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Forty-fifth-part mapping convention",
      "note": "D45 derives another arrangement from the same input longitude rather than collecting new observations. Broad reading scope makes it especially important to record the original question and consider conflicting placements instead of selecting confirming details.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra, chapter 6: divisional definitions",
          "url": "https://jyotishvidya.com/ch6.htm"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "shashtyamsa",
    "term": "Shashtyamsa",
    "aliases": [
      "Ṣaṣṭyaṃśa",
      "Shashtiamsa",
      "Shashtiamsha",
      "D60"
    ],
    "definition": "The D60 Jyotish chart, derived from 60 portions of each zodiac sign under a declared rule.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "wikiIndex": 23,
    "caseSensitive": true,
    "related": [
      "varga",
      "rashi-chart",
      "navamsa"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra, Sanskrit chapter 6.2–4: sixteen names (printed p. 68)",
        "url": "https://vyaspanchang.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/ब्रुहत्पाराशर-होरा-शास्त्रं.pdf#page=67"
      },
      {
        "title": "Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra, chapter 6: divisional definitions",
        "url": "https://jyotishvidya.com/ch6.htm"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit numerical compound: ṣaṣṭyaṃśa.",
      "note": "Ṣaṣṭi means sixty and becomes ṣaṣṭy before a following vowel; aṃśa means a portion. The result is the sixtieth-part name, distinct from ṣaṣṭha, meaning sixth.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: ṣaṣṭi; ṣaṣṭy; ṣaṣṭha (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/271.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary: aṃśa (University of Hyderabad)",
          "url": "https://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/SKT/MW/1.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Sixtieth-part mapping and belief-dependent interpretation",
      "note": "Half-degree source portions make boundary and birth-time uncertainty material. A reproducible sign assignment cannot demonstrate a former life, karma or moral desert. Sign counting and the ordering of traditional portion names are separate conventions.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra, chapter 6: divisional definitions",
          "url": "https://jyotishvidya.com/ch6.htm"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "bazi-stem-jia",
    "term": "Jia stem",
    "aliases": [
      "Jia Heavenly Stem"
    ],
    "definition": "Jia (甲) is the first Heavenly Stem, classified as Yang Wood.",
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Romanized Chinese calendrical name Jia (甲), ordinal 1.",
      "note": "Historical character derivation is not established by the cited calendar tables.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Calendrical convention",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Joey Yap: What Is BaZi Astrology?",
          "url": "https://home.joeyyap.com/article/bazi/what-is-bazi-astrology-a-beginners-complete-guide/"
        }
      ],
      "note": "Stem phase and polarity are calendrical classifications, not traits."
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
      },
      {
        "title": "Joey Yap: What Is BaZi Astrology?",
        "url": "https://home.joeyyap.com/article/bazi/what-is-bazi-astrology-a-beginners-complete-guide/"
      }
    ],
    "related": [
      "heavenly-stem",
      "five-phases",
      "day-master",
      "ten-gods",
      "sexagenary-cycle"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "bazi-stem-yi",
    "term": "Yi stem",
    "aliases": [
      "Yi Heavenly Stem"
    ],
    "definition": "Yi (乙) is the second Heavenly Stem, classified as Yin Wood.",
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Romanized Chinese calendrical name Yi (乙), ordinal 2.",
      "note": "Historical character derivation is not established by the cited calendar tables.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Calendrical convention",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Joey Yap: What Is BaZi Astrology?",
          "url": "https://home.joeyyap.com/article/bazi/what-is-bazi-astrology-a-beginners-complete-guide/"
        }
      ],
      "note": "Stem phase and polarity are calendrical classifications, not traits."
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
      },
      {
        "title": "Joey Yap: What Is BaZi Astrology?",
        "url": "https://home.joeyyap.com/article/bazi/what-is-bazi-astrology-a-beginners-complete-guide/"
      }
    ],
    "related": [
      "heavenly-stem",
      "five-phases",
      "day-master",
      "ten-gods",
      "sexagenary-cycle"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "bazi-stem-bing",
    "term": "Bing stem",
    "aliases": [
      "Bing Heavenly Stem"
    ],
    "definition": "Bing (丙) is the third Heavenly Stem, classified as Yang Fire.",
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Romanized Chinese calendrical name Bing (丙), ordinal 3.",
      "note": "Historical character derivation is not established by the cited calendar tables.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Calendrical convention",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Joey Yap: What Is BaZi Astrology?",
          "url": "https://home.joeyyap.com/article/bazi/what-is-bazi-astrology-a-beginners-complete-guide/"
        }
      ],
      "note": "Stem phase and polarity are calendrical classifications, not traits."
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
      },
      {
        "title": "Joey Yap: What Is BaZi Astrology?",
        "url": "https://home.joeyyap.com/article/bazi/what-is-bazi-astrology-a-beginners-complete-guide/"
      }
    ],
    "related": [
      "heavenly-stem",
      "five-phases",
      "day-master",
      "ten-gods",
      "sexagenary-cycle"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "bazi-stem-ding",
    "term": "Ding stem",
    "aliases": [
      "Ding Heavenly Stem"
    ],
    "definition": "Ding (丁) is the fourth Heavenly Stem, classified as Yin Fire.",
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Romanized Chinese calendrical name Ding (丁), ordinal 4.",
      "note": "Historical character derivation is not established by the cited calendar tables.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Calendrical convention",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Joey Yap: What Is BaZi Astrology?",
          "url": "https://home.joeyyap.com/article/bazi/what-is-bazi-astrology-a-beginners-complete-guide/"
        }
      ],
      "note": "Stem phase and polarity are calendrical classifications, not traits."
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
      },
      {
        "title": "Joey Yap: What Is BaZi Astrology?",
        "url": "https://home.joeyyap.com/article/bazi/what-is-bazi-astrology-a-beginners-complete-guide/"
      }
    ],
    "related": [
      "heavenly-stem",
      "five-phases",
      "day-master",
      "ten-gods",
      "sexagenary-cycle"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "bazi-stem-wu",
    "term": "Wu stem",
    "aliases": [
      "Wu Heavenly Stem"
    ],
    "definition": "Wu (戊) is the fifth Heavenly Stem, classified as Yang Earth.",
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Romanized Chinese calendrical name Wu (戊), ordinal 5.",
      "note": "Historical character derivation is not established by the cited calendar tables.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Calendrical convention",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Joey Yap: What Is BaZi Astrology?",
          "url": "https://home.joeyyap.com/article/bazi/what-is-bazi-astrology-a-beginners-complete-guide/"
        }
      ],
      "note": "Stem phase and polarity are calendrical classifications, not traits."
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
      },
      {
        "title": "Joey Yap: What Is BaZi Astrology?",
        "url": "https://home.joeyyap.com/article/bazi/what-is-bazi-astrology-a-beginners-complete-guide/"
      }
    ],
    "related": [
      "heavenly-stem",
      "five-phases",
      "day-master",
      "ten-gods",
      "sexagenary-cycle",
      "bazi-branch-wu"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "bazi-stem-ji",
    "term": "Ji stem",
    "aliases": [
      "Ji Heavenly Stem"
    ],
    "definition": "Ji (己) is the sixth Heavenly Stem, classified as Yin Earth.",
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Romanized Chinese calendrical name Ji (己), ordinal 6.",
      "note": "Historical character derivation is not established by the cited calendar tables.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Calendrical convention",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Joey Yap: What Is BaZi Astrology?",
          "url": "https://home.joeyyap.com/article/bazi/what-is-bazi-astrology-a-beginners-complete-guide/"
        }
      ],
      "note": "Stem phase and polarity are calendrical classifications, not traits."
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
      },
      {
        "title": "Joey Yap: What Is BaZi Astrology?",
        "url": "https://home.joeyyap.com/article/bazi/what-is-bazi-astrology-a-beginners-complete-guide/"
      }
    ],
    "related": [
      "heavenly-stem",
      "five-phases",
      "day-master",
      "ten-gods",
      "sexagenary-cycle"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "bazi-stem-geng",
    "term": "Geng stem",
    "aliases": [
      "Geng Heavenly Stem"
    ],
    "definition": "Geng (庚) is the seventh Heavenly Stem, classified as Yang Metal.",
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Romanized Chinese calendrical name Geng (庚), ordinal 7.",
      "note": "Historical character derivation is not established by the cited calendar tables.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Calendrical convention",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Joey Yap: What Is BaZi Astrology?",
          "url": "https://home.joeyyap.com/article/bazi/what-is-bazi-astrology-a-beginners-complete-guide/"
        }
      ],
      "note": "Stem phase and polarity are calendrical classifications, not traits."
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
      },
      {
        "title": "Joey Yap: What Is BaZi Astrology?",
        "url": "https://home.joeyyap.com/article/bazi/what-is-bazi-astrology-a-beginners-complete-guide/"
      }
    ],
    "related": [
      "heavenly-stem",
      "five-phases",
      "day-master",
      "ten-gods",
      "sexagenary-cycle"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "bazi-stem-xin",
    "term": "Xin stem",
    "aliases": [
      "Xin Heavenly Stem"
    ],
    "definition": "Xin (辛) is the eighth Heavenly Stem, classified as Yin Metal.",
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Romanized Chinese calendrical name Xin (辛), ordinal 8.",
      "note": "Historical character derivation is not established by the cited calendar tables.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Calendrical convention",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Joey Yap: What Is BaZi Astrology?",
          "url": "https://home.joeyyap.com/article/bazi/what-is-bazi-astrology-a-beginners-complete-guide/"
        }
      ],
      "note": "Stem phase and polarity are calendrical classifications, not traits."
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
      },
      {
        "title": "Joey Yap: What Is BaZi Astrology?",
        "url": "https://home.joeyyap.com/article/bazi/what-is-bazi-astrology-a-beginners-complete-guide/"
      }
    ],
    "related": [
      "heavenly-stem",
      "five-phases",
      "day-master",
      "ten-gods",
      "sexagenary-cycle"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "bazi-stem-ren",
    "term": "Ren stem",
    "aliases": [
      "Ren Heavenly Stem"
    ],
    "definition": "Ren (壬) is the ninth Heavenly Stem, classified as Yang Water.",
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Romanized Chinese calendrical name Ren (壬), ordinal 9.",
      "note": "Historical character derivation is not established by the cited calendar tables.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Calendrical convention",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Joey Yap: What Is BaZi Astrology?",
          "url": "https://home.joeyyap.com/article/bazi/what-is-bazi-astrology-a-beginners-complete-guide/"
        }
      ],
      "note": "Stem phase and polarity are calendrical classifications, not traits."
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
      },
      {
        "title": "Joey Yap: What Is BaZi Astrology?",
        "url": "https://home.joeyyap.com/article/bazi/what-is-bazi-astrology-a-beginners-complete-guide/"
      }
    ],
    "related": [
      "heavenly-stem",
      "five-phases",
      "day-master",
      "ten-gods",
      "sexagenary-cycle"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "bazi-stem-gui",
    "term": "Gui stem",
    "aliases": [
      "Gui Heavenly Stem"
    ],
    "definition": "Gui (癸) is the tenth Heavenly Stem, classified as Yin Water.",
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Romanized Chinese calendrical name Gui (癸), ordinal 10.",
      "note": "Historical character derivation is not established by the cited calendar tables.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Calendrical convention",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Joey Yap: What Is BaZi Astrology?",
          "url": "https://home.joeyyap.com/article/bazi/what-is-bazi-astrology-a-beginners-complete-guide/"
        }
      ],
      "note": "Stem phase and polarity are calendrical classifications, not traits."
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
      },
      {
        "title": "Joey Yap: What Is BaZi Astrology?",
        "url": "https://home.joeyyap.com/article/bazi/what-is-bazi-astrology-a-beginners-complete-guide/"
      }
    ],
    "related": [
      "heavenly-stem",
      "five-phases",
      "day-master",
      "ten-gods",
      "sexagenary-cycle"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "bazi-branch-zi",
    "term": "Zi branch",
    "aliases": [
      "Zi Earthly Branch"
    ],
    "definition": "Zi (子) is the first Earthly Branch, paired with Rat and assigned 23:00–01:00 in the hour table.",
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Romanized Chinese calendrical name Zi (子), ordinal 1.",
      "note": "Historical character derivation is not established by the cited calendar tables.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        },
        {
          "title": "HKO: Twelve Animals",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/12animals.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Calendrical convention",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        }
      ],
      "note": "Branch ordinal, animal and hour range are calendrical mappings, not traits."
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
      },
      {
        "title": "HKO: Twelve Animals",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/12animals.htm"
      }
    ],
    "related": [
      "earthly-branch",
      "bazi-shichen",
      "bazi-hidden-stem",
      "sexagenary-cycle"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "bazi-branch-chou",
    "term": "Chou branch",
    "aliases": [
      "Chou Earthly Branch"
    ],
    "definition": "Chou (丑) is the second Earthly Branch, paired with Ox and assigned 01:00–03:00 in the hour table.",
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Romanized Chinese calendrical name Chou (丑), ordinal 2.",
      "note": "Historical character derivation is not established by the cited calendar tables.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        },
        {
          "title": "HKO: Twelve Animals",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/12animals.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Calendrical convention",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        }
      ],
      "note": "Branch ordinal, animal and hour range are calendrical mappings, not traits."
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
      },
      {
        "title": "HKO: Twelve Animals",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/12animals.htm"
      }
    ],
    "related": [
      "earthly-branch",
      "bazi-shichen",
      "bazi-hidden-stem",
      "sexagenary-cycle"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "bazi-branch-yin",
    "term": "Yin branch",
    "aliases": [
      "Yin Earthly Branch"
    ],
    "definition": "Yin (寅) is the third Earthly Branch, paired with Tiger and assigned 03:00–05:00 in the hour table.",
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Romanized Chinese calendrical name Yin (寅), ordinal 3.",
      "note": "Historical character derivation is not established by the cited calendar tables.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        },
        {
          "title": "HKO: Twelve Animals",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/12animals.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Calendrical convention",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        }
      ],
      "note": "Branch ordinal, animal and hour range are calendrical mappings, not traits."
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
      },
      {
        "title": "HKO: Twelve Animals",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/12animals.htm"
      }
    ],
    "related": [
      "earthly-branch",
      "bazi-shichen",
      "bazi-hidden-stem",
      "sexagenary-cycle"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "bazi-branch-mao",
    "term": "Mao branch",
    "aliases": [
      "Mao Earthly Branch"
    ],
    "definition": "Mao (卯) is the fourth Earthly Branch, paired with Rabbit and assigned 05:00–07:00 in the hour table.",
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Romanized Chinese calendrical name Mao (卯), ordinal 4.",
      "note": "Historical character derivation is not established by the cited calendar tables.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        },
        {
          "title": "HKO: Twelve Animals",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/12animals.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Calendrical convention",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        }
      ],
      "note": "Branch ordinal, animal and hour range are calendrical mappings, not traits."
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
      },
      {
        "title": "HKO: Twelve Animals",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/12animals.htm"
      }
    ],
    "related": [
      "earthly-branch",
      "bazi-shichen",
      "bazi-hidden-stem",
      "sexagenary-cycle"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "bazi-branch-chen",
    "term": "Chen branch",
    "aliases": [
      "Chen Earthly Branch"
    ],
    "definition": "Chen (辰) is the fifth Earthly Branch, paired with Dragon and assigned 07:00–09:00 in the hour table.",
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Romanized Chinese calendrical name Chen (辰), ordinal 5.",
      "note": "Historical character derivation is not established by the cited calendar tables.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        },
        {
          "title": "HKO: Twelve Animals",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/12animals.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Calendrical convention",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        }
      ],
      "note": "Branch ordinal, animal and hour range are calendrical mappings, not traits."
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
      },
      {
        "title": "HKO: Twelve Animals",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/12animals.htm"
      }
    ],
    "related": [
      "earthly-branch",
      "bazi-shichen",
      "bazi-hidden-stem",
      "sexagenary-cycle"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "bazi-branch-si",
    "term": "Si branch",
    "aliases": [
      "Si Earthly Branch"
    ],
    "definition": "Si (巳) is the sixth Earthly Branch, paired with Snake and assigned 09:00–11:00 in the hour table.",
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Romanized Chinese calendrical name Si (巳), ordinal 6.",
      "note": "Historical character derivation is not established by the cited calendar tables.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        },
        {
          "title": "HKO: Twelve Animals",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/12animals.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Calendrical convention",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        }
      ],
      "note": "Branch ordinal, animal and hour range are calendrical mappings, not traits."
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
      },
      {
        "title": "HKO: Twelve Animals",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/12animals.htm"
      }
    ],
    "related": [
      "earthly-branch",
      "bazi-shichen",
      "bazi-hidden-stem",
      "sexagenary-cycle"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "bazi-branch-wu",
    "term": "Wu branch",
    "aliases": [
      "Wu Earthly Branch"
    ],
    "definition": "Wu (午) is the seventh Earthly Branch, paired with Horse and assigned 11:00–13:00 in the hour table.",
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Romanized Chinese calendrical name Wu (午), ordinal 7.",
      "note": "Historical character derivation is not established by the cited calendar tables.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        },
        {
          "title": "HKO: Twelve Animals",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/12animals.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Calendrical convention",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        }
      ],
      "note": "Branch ordinal, animal and hour range are calendrical mappings, not traits."
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
      },
      {
        "title": "HKO: Twelve Animals",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/12animals.htm"
      }
    ],
    "related": [
      "earthly-branch",
      "bazi-shichen",
      "bazi-hidden-stem",
      "sexagenary-cycle",
      "bazi-stem-wu"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "bazi-branch-wei",
    "term": "Wei branch",
    "aliases": [
      "Wei Earthly Branch"
    ],
    "definition": "Wei (未) is the eighth Earthly Branch, paired with Goat and assigned 13:00–15:00 in the hour table.",
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Romanized Chinese calendrical name Wei (未), ordinal 8.",
      "note": "Historical character derivation is not established by the cited calendar tables.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        },
        {
          "title": "HKO: Twelve Animals",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/12animals.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Calendrical convention",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        }
      ],
      "note": "Branch ordinal, animal and hour range are calendrical mappings, not traits."
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
      },
      {
        "title": "HKO: Twelve Animals",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/12animals.htm"
      }
    ],
    "related": [
      "earthly-branch",
      "bazi-shichen",
      "bazi-hidden-stem",
      "sexagenary-cycle"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "bazi-branch-shen",
    "term": "Shen branch",
    "aliases": [
      "Shen Earthly Branch"
    ],
    "definition": "Shen (申) is the ninth Earthly Branch, paired with Monkey and assigned 15:00–17:00 in the hour table.",
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Romanized Chinese calendrical name Shen (申), ordinal 9.",
      "note": "Historical character derivation is not established by the cited calendar tables.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        },
        {
          "title": "HKO: Twelve Animals",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/12animals.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Calendrical convention",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        }
      ],
      "note": "Branch ordinal, animal and hour range are calendrical mappings, not traits."
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
      },
      {
        "title": "HKO: Twelve Animals",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/12animals.htm"
      }
    ],
    "related": [
      "earthly-branch",
      "bazi-shichen",
      "bazi-hidden-stem",
      "sexagenary-cycle"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "bazi-branch-you",
    "term": "You branch",
    "aliases": [
      "You Earthly Branch"
    ],
    "definition": "You (酉) is the tenth Earthly Branch, paired with Rooster and assigned 17:00–19:00 in the hour table.",
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Romanized Chinese calendrical name You (酉), ordinal 10.",
      "note": "Historical character derivation is not established by the cited calendar tables.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        },
        {
          "title": "HKO: Twelve Animals",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/12animals.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Calendrical convention",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        }
      ],
      "note": "Branch ordinal, animal and hour range are calendrical mappings, not traits."
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
      },
      {
        "title": "HKO: Twelve Animals",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/12animals.htm"
      }
    ],
    "related": [
      "earthly-branch",
      "bazi-shichen",
      "bazi-hidden-stem",
      "sexagenary-cycle"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "bazi-branch-xu",
    "term": "Xu branch",
    "aliases": [
      "Xu Earthly Branch"
    ],
    "definition": "Xu (戌) is the eleventh Earthly Branch, paired with Dog and assigned 19:00–21:00 in the hour table.",
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Romanized Chinese calendrical name Xu (戌), ordinal 11.",
      "note": "Historical character derivation is not established by the cited calendar tables.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        },
        {
          "title": "HKO: Twelve Animals",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/12animals.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Calendrical convention",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        }
      ],
      "note": "Branch ordinal, animal and hour range are calendrical mappings, not traits."
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
      },
      {
        "title": "HKO: Twelve Animals",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/12animals.htm"
      }
    ],
    "related": [
      "earthly-branch",
      "bazi-shichen",
      "bazi-hidden-stem",
      "sexagenary-cycle"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "bazi-branch-hai",
    "term": "Hai branch",
    "aliases": [
      "Hai Earthly Branch"
    ],
    "definition": "Hai (亥) is the twelfth Earthly Branch, paired with Pig and assigned 21:00–23:00 in the hour table.",
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Romanized Chinese calendrical name Hai (亥), ordinal 12.",
      "note": "Historical character derivation is not established by the cited calendar tables.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        },
        {
          "title": "HKO: Twelve Animals",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/12animals.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Calendrical convention",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        }
      ],
      "note": "Branch ordinal, animal and hour range are calendrical mappings, not traits."
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
      },
      {
        "title": "HKO: Twelve Animals",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/12animals.htm"
      }
    ],
    "related": [
      "earthly-branch",
      "bazi-shichen",
      "bazi-hidden-stem",
      "sexagenary-cycle"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "bazi-shichen",
    "term": "Shichen",
    "aliases": [
      "shíchen",
      "時辰"
    ],
    "definition": "Shichen (時辰) is a traditional two-hour time unit; HKO assigns 23:00–01:00 to Zi and continues in twelve intervals.",
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Mandarin shíchen (時辰), a calendrical time-unit name.",
      "note": "The exact historical character derivation is not asserted here.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Calendrical convention",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
          "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
        }
      ],
      "note": "The unit and intervals are timekeeping conventions, not traits."
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "HKO: Stems and Branches",
        "url": "https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/stemsandbranches.htm"
      }
    ],
    "related": [
      "earthly-branch",
      "four-pillars",
      "local-mean-solar-time",
      "local-apparent-solar-time"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "lord-of-the-year",
    "term": "Lord of the year",
    "aliases": [
      "annual lord",
      "annual time lord"
    ],
    "definition": "In annual profections, the traditional ruler of the zodiac sign reached by the completed-age count. Other timing methods assign their own time lords.",
    "category": "Timing & comparison",
    "wikiIndex": 20,
    "related": [
      "annual-profection",
      "domicile",
      "whole-sign-houses"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Chris Brennan: Annual Profections lecture (2018)",
        "url": "https://theastrologypodcast.com/transcripts/ep-153-annual-profections-an-ancient-time-lord-technique/"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "English descriptive phrase with an Old English root.",
      "note": "Lord descends from Old English hlāford, associated with hlāf (loaf) and weard (keeper). Here the title is a metaphor for a planet’s assigned authority over a year; this does not establish the first use of the technical phrase.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: lord, word history",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/lord"
        },
        {
          "title": "Chris Brennan: Annual Profections lecture (2018)",
          "url": "https://theastrologypodcast.com/transcripts/ep-153-annual-profections-an-ancient-time-lord-technique/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Traditional timing and rulership convention",
      "note": "The annual lord follows a reproducible count and rulership table. Its symbolic authority is an interpretive premise, not a physical force or demonstrated predictor of events.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Chris Brennan: Annual Profections lecture (2018)",
          "url": "https://theastrologypodcast.com/transcripts/ep-153-annual-profections-an-ancient-time-lord-technique/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "lunar-new-year",
    "term": "Lunar New Year",
    "aliases": [],
    "definition": "The first day of a new year in a lunar or lunisolar calendar. In the modern Chinese reference calendar, the first day of month one changes the official Gan-Zhi year.",
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Hong Kong Observatory · What year is it today? (Hui Tai-wai, April 2018)",
        "url": "https://www.weather.gov.hk/en/education/astronomy-and-time/time-service/00506-what-year-is-it-today.html",
        "kind": "official calendar convention"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Named civil-calendar boundary",
      "note": "This entry describes the modern Chinese convention. Other cultures have their own calendars and new-year observances. The first lunar month boundary and the Li Chun solar-term instant can fall on different dates.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Hong Kong Observatory · What year is it today? (Hui Tai-wai, April 2018)",
          "url": "https://www.weather.gov.hk/en/education/astronomy-and-time/time-service/00506-what-year-is-it-today.html",
          "kind": "official calendar convention"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Descriptive English compound; lunar derives from Latin lunaris, from luna (Moon).",
      "note": "New Year names the beginning of a calendar year. Lunar specifies its connection with a Moon-based calendar; Chinese calendar rules also use the solar year, so lunisolar is the more complete calendar description.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster · lunar",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/lunar"
        },
        {
          "title": "Hong Kong Observatory · What year is it today? (Hui Tai-wai, April 2018)",
          "url": "https://www.weather.gov.hk/en/education/astronomy-and-time/time-service/00506-what-year-is-it-today.html",
          "kind": "official calendar convention"
        }
      ]
    },
    "wikiIndex": 30,
    "related": [
      "lunisolar-calendar",
      "lichun",
      "sexagenary-cycle",
      "leap-month",
      "earthly-branch"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "hanging-gate",
    "term": "Hanging gate",
    "aliases": [
      "hanging gates"
    ],
    "definition": "An activated Human Design gate that is alone in its prescribed channel because its harmonic partner gate is not activated in the selected chart view.",
    "category": "Human Design",
    "related": [
      "gate",
      "activation",
      "channel",
      "defined-center",
      "undefined-center",
      "completely-open-center",
      "definition"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Jovian Archive: Living with Feeling: A Field Guide to the Solar Plexus",
        "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/blogs/human-design-basics/living-with-feeling-a-field-guide-to-the-solar-plexus"
      },
      {
        "title": "Jovian Archive: Channels in Human Design: The Life Force",
        "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/pages/channels-in-human-design-the-life-force"
      }
    ],
    "autoLink": true,
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Graph-derived endpoint state",
      "note": "This label records one active endpoint and an inactive harmonic partner under the selected birth/design graph and node convention. It can be audited from the endpoint ledger. It does not show that a person lacks something, needs another person, or will have a particular emotional or relational experience.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: Living with Feeling: A Field Guide to the Solar Plexus",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/blogs/human-design-basics/living-with-feeling-a-field-guide-to-the-solar-plexus"
        },
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: The 64 Gates in Human Design: What They Represent in Your Chart",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/blogs/chart-interpretations-components/the-64-gates-in-human-design-what-they-represent-in-your-chart"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Descriptive modern English compound used in Human Design.",
      "note": "Hanging modifies gate in an image of an endpoint left without its paired connection. The sources document the current technical phrase; no claim is made for an ancient or non-English origin.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: hanging",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hanging"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: gate",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/gate"
        },
        {
          "title": "Jovian Archive: Living with Feeling: A Field Guide to the Solar Plexus",
          "url": "https://jovianarchive.com/blogs/human-design-basics/living-with-feeling-a-field-guide-to-the-solar-plexus"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "bound",
    "term": "Bound",
    "aliases": [
      "astrological bound",
      "astrological bounds",
      "terms (astrology)"
    ],
    "autoLink": false,
    "definition": "In traditional astrology, one of the unequal degree-ranges within a zodiac sign whose assigned ruler is determined by the selected bounds (terms) table.",
    "category": "Horary & traditional technique",
    "related": [
      "essential-dignity",
      "triplicity",
      "astrological-face",
      "peregrine",
      "reception",
      "ecliptic-longitude",
      "zodiac-sign"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "William Lilly, Christian Astrology (1647), original printed p104",
        "url": "https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b30338724_0138.jp2/full/1800,/0/default.jpg"
      },
      {
        "title": "William Lilly: Christian Astrology (1647), original text, pp. 101–112",
        "url": "https://archive.org/stream/b30338724/b30338724_djvu.txt"
      },
      {
        "title": "Ptolemy: Tetrabiblos I.4–24, Robbins translation",
        "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/thayer/e/roman/texts/ptolemy/tetrabiblos/1b%2A.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Historical table-based classification",
      "note": "A bound ruler is a result of placing an unrounded zodiacal degree in a named table's interval. Historical tables differ, so the interval convention and source must accompany the result; the label is not a measured property of a planet or evidence for a personal outcome.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "William Lilly, Christian Astrology (1647), original printed p104",
          "url": "https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b30338724_0138.jp2/full/1800,/0/default.jpg"
        },
        {
          "title": "William Lilly: Christian Astrology (1647), original text, pp. 101–112",
          "url": "https://archive.org/stream/b30338724/b30338724_djvu.txt"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Bound in the sense of a limit comes through Middle English and early French bodne, from Latin bodina. The alternative technical word term is associated with Latin terminus, boundary.",
      "note": "These are distinct word histories for two labels used in astrology. Their shared boundary sense does not establish the date or route by which a particular dignity table acquired either technical name.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: bound, boundary sense",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bound"
        },
        {
          "title": "Lewis and Short, A Latin Dictionary: terminus",
          "url": "https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0059:entry=terminus"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "astrological-face",
    "term": "Face (astrological)",
    "aliases": [
      "faces",
      "decanal face",
      "decanal faces"
    ],
    "autoLink": false,
    "definition": "A traditional ten-degree division of a zodiac sign used as a minor essential dignity in a specified astrological table; it is also called a decan in this zodiacal sense.",
    "category": "Horary & traditional technique",
    "related": [
      "essential-dignity",
      "decan",
      "bound",
      "triplicity",
      "peregrine",
      "ecliptic-longitude",
      "zodiac-sign"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "William Lilly, Christian Astrology (1647), original printed p104",
        "url": "https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b30338724_0138.jp2/full/1800,/0/default.jpg"
      },
      {
        "title": "William Lilly: Christian Astrology (1647), original text, pp. 101–112",
        "url": "https://archive.org/stream/b30338724/b30338724_djvu.txt"
      },
      {
        "title": "Lilly: Christian Astrology, annotated primary text",
        "url": "https://www.skyscript.co.uk/CA.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Historical zodiacal subdivision and rulership convention",
      "note": "Within this use, a face follows a declared ten-degree zodiac partition and table. It is not the ordinary word for a human face, and it is not automatically the Egyptian stellar-decan system; shared names do not make their sources, stars, or interpretations interchangeable.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "William Lilly, Christian Astrology (1647), original printed p104",
          "url": "https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b30338724_0138.jp2/full/1800,/0/default.jpg"
        },
        {
          "title": "William Lilly: Christian Astrology (1647), original text, pp. 101–112",
          "url": "https://archive.org/stream/b30338724/b30338724_djvu.txt"
        },
        {
          "title": "Metropolitan Museum: Senenmut astronomical ceiling",
          "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/544566"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin facies, ‘form, appearance, or face.’",
      "note": "The Latin lexical sense supports the English word's ancestry. The supplied sources do not establish a complete transmission history from facies to this astrological technical sense, so that history is left open.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Lewis and Short, A Latin Dictionary: facies",
          "url": "https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0059:entry=facies"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "house-condition",
    "term": "Angular, succedent, and cadent houses",
    "aliases": [
      "angular houses",
      "succedent houses",
      "cadent houses"
    ],
    "autoLink": true,
    "definition": "The traditional grouping of houses 1, 4, 7 and 10 as angular; 2, 5, 8 and 11 as succedent; and 3, 6, 9 and 12 as cadent. In a quadrant system, angular houses begin at the chart angles. The grouping is one circumstance in a horary reading.",
    "category": "Horary & traditional technique",
    "related": [
      "accidental-dignity",
      "house",
      "ascendant",
      "midheaven",
      "retrograde"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "William Lilly: Christian Astrology, original p.48 · house categories",
        "url": "https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b30338724_0082.jp2/full/1800,/0/default.jpg"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Chart-relative house classification plus traditional interpretation",
      "note": "Given a stated house system, place, and time, a planet's house membership and its angular, succedent, or cadent category can be reproduced. This is not the same thing as mundane angularity in observational astronomy, which concerns an object's relation to a local horizon or meridian. Lilly-style claims about strength are traditional judgments from this chart circumstance; category membership alone does not establish a result or a universal ranking across schools.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "William Lilly: Christian Astrology, original p.48 · house categories",
          "url": "https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b30338724_0082.jp2/full/1800,/0/default.jpg"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "English terms with Latin antecedents.",
      "note": "Angular comes through Latin angularis from angulus, ‘corner’ or ‘angle’. Succedent comes from Latin succedens, the participle of succedere, ‘to follow’ or ‘come next’. Cadent comes from Latin cadens, the participle of cadere, ‘to fall’. These histories explain the positional language, not the origin, validity, or universal interpretation of the astrological house categories.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: angular",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/angular"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: succedent",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/succedent"
        },
        {
          "title": "American Heritage Dictionary: cadent",
          "url": "https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=cadent"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "cazimi",
    "term": "Cazimi",
    "aliases": [],
    "autoLink": false,
    "definition": "A traditional label for a planet in exceptionally close conjunction with the Sun, treated in some Western sources as distinct from combustion. Its exact criterion must be named by the method.",
    "category": "Horary & traditional technique",
    "related": [
      "accidental-dignity",
      "combustion",
      "under-the-beams",
      "conjunction",
      "sun"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "William Lilly: Christian Astrology, original p.113 · solar conditions",
        "url": "https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b30338724_0147.jp2/full/1800,/0/default.jpg"
      },
      {
        "title": "William Lilly: Christian Astrology, original p.114 · combustion and cazimi",
        "url": "https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b30338724_0148.jp2/full/1800,/0/default.jpg"
      },
      {
        "title": "William Lilly: Christian Astrology, original p.115 · accidental fortitudes",
        "url": "https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b30338724_0149.jp2/full/1800,/0/default.jpg"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Solar-proximity classification in a named traditional rule",
      "note": "A calculation can report the chosen Sun-planet separation. Whether that separation is called cazimi, whether it is exempted from combustion, and what it signifies are school-specific interpretive rules. Longitude proximity is not a direct test of optical visibility, physical distance, or a planet's causal power.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "William Lilly: Christian Astrology, original p.113 · solar conditions",
          "url": "https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b30338724_0147.jp2/full/1800,/0/default.jpg"
        },
        {
          "title": "William Lilly: Christian Astrology, original p.114 · combustion and cazimi",
          "url": "https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b30338724_0148.jp2/full/1800,/0/default.jpg"
        },
        {
          "title": "William Lilly: Christian Astrology, original p.115 · accidental fortitudes",
          "url": "https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b30338724_0149.jp2/full/1800,/0/default.jpg"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "A medieval astrological loanword transmitted through Latin from Arabic.",
      "note": "Astrodienst’s reference glossary identifies cazimi as a Latin transliteration of Arabic kaṣmīmī and gives the gloss ‘as if in the heart’. Its account also relates the Arabic term to Greek egkardios. This is a glossary’s historical account, not an independently established full transmission history; spelling and transliteration vary, so the entry should not claim a single settled form beyond that qualified account.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Astrodienst Astrowiki: Cazimi",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/astrowiki/en/Cazimi"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "combustion",
    "term": "Combustion (astrological)",
    "aliases": [],
    "autoLink": false,
    "definition": "A traditional condition in which a planet is judged to be too near the Sun under a named rule, commonly distinguished from an exceptionally close cazimi conjunction and from the wider area called under the beams.",
    "category": "Horary & traditional technique",
    "related": [
      "accidental-dignity",
      "cazimi",
      "under-the-beams",
      "conjunction",
      "sun"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "William Lilly: Christian Astrology, original p.113 · solar conditions",
        "url": "https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b30338724_0147.jp2/full/1800,/0/default.jpg"
      },
      {
        "title": "William Lilly: Christian Astrology, original p.114 · combustion and cazimi",
        "url": "https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b30338724_0148.jp2/full/1800,/0/default.jpg"
      },
      {
        "title": "William Lilly: Christian Astrology, original p.115 · accidental fortitudes",
        "url": "https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b30338724_0149.jp2/full/1800,/0/default.jpg"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Solar-proximity classification in a traditional method",
      "note": "The observable input is a Sun-planet separation in a declared coordinate convention. A method must also declare its boundaries and any cazimi exception before assigning combustion. The traditional reading of impairment is interpretive; it does not report that the body is physically burning, invisible in every observational circumstance, or unable to produce an outcome.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "William Lilly: Christian Astrology, original p.113 · solar conditions",
          "url": "https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b30338724_0147.jp2/full/1800,/0/default.jpg"
        },
        {
          "title": "William Lilly: Christian Astrology, original p.114 · combustion and cazimi",
          "url": "https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b30338724_0148.jp2/full/1800,/0/default.jpg"
        },
        {
          "title": "William Lilly: Christian Astrology, original p.115 · accidental fortitudes",
          "url": "https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b30338724_0149.jp2/full/1800,/0/default.jpg"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Middle English combustioun, through Anglo-French and Late Latin combustio, from comburere, to burn up.",
      "note": "The noun records a burning metaphor. Its astrological use does not imply that a planet is physically consumed or establish the validity of a solar-proximity interpretation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: combustion",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/combustion"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "under-the-beams",
    "term": "Under the beams",
    "aliases": [],
    "autoLink": false,
    "definition": "A traditional label for a planet within a stated vicinity of the Sun. Some methods separately identify combustion and cazimi within that wider vicinity; the Atlas ledger displays mutually exclusive categories under its named rule.",
    "category": "Horary & traditional technique",
    "related": [
      "accidental-dignity",
      "combustion",
      "cazimi",
      "conjunction",
      "sun"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "William Lilly: Christian Astrology, original p.113 · solar conditions",
        "url": "https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b30338724_0147.jp2/full/1800,/0/default.jpg"
      },
      {
        "title": "William Lilly: Christian Astrology, original p.114 · combustion and cazimi",
        "url": "https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b30338724_0148.jp2/full/1800,/0/default.jpg"
      },
      {
        "title": "William Lilly: Christian Astrology, original p.115 · accidental fortitudes",
        "url": "https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b30338724_0149.jp2/full/1800,/0/default.jpg"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Solar-proximity classification with source-dependent boundaries",
      "note": "This label can be calculated only after the source's solar-proximity range and priority between nearby categories are stated. It is a chart rule based on a coordinate separation. It should not be read as an observational visibility report: visibility also depends on sky brightness, altitude, atmosphere, magnitude, and observer conditions.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "William Lilly: Christian Astrology, original p.113 · solar conditions",
          "url": "https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b30338724_0147.jp2/full/1800,/0/default.jpg"
        },
        {
          "title": "William Lilly: Christian Astrology, original p.114 · combustion and cazimi",
          "url": "https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b30338724_0148.jp2/full/1800,/0/default.jpg"
        },
        {
          "title": "William Lilly: Christian Astrology, original p.115 · accidental fortitudes",
          "url": "https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b30338724_0149.jp2/full/1800,/0/default.jpg"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "English descriptive phrase; beam is an Old English and Germanic word whose light-ray sense developed in Old English.",
      "note": "The phrase uses beam in its light-ray sense. The retrieved sources trace beam to Old English beam, ‘tree, beam’, with a cognate Old High German boum, and report that the ray-of-light sense developed in Old English. The deeper origin is uncertain in the cited etymological account. This word history does not set an astrological solar-proximity boundary.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: beam",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/beam"
        },
        {
          "title": "Online Etymology Dictionary: beam",
          "url": "https://www.etymonline.com/word/beam"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "sirius",
    "term": "Sirius",
    "aliases": [
      "Alpha Canis Majoris",
      "Dog Star"
    ],
    "definition": "The IAU-recognised proper name for Alpha Canis Majoris A, the bright star in Canis Major used here as a selectable astronomical target.",
    "category": "Named stars",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "IAU: Naming Stars",
        "url": "https://iauarchive.eso.org/public/themes/naming_stars/"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Ancient Greek Seirios.",
      "note": "LSJ records seirios as the dog-star and ‘the scorcher’; the name’s older derivation is not settled here.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "LSJ: σείριος",
          "url": "https://atlas.perseus.tufts.edu/dictionaries/entry/urn%3Acite2%3Ascaife-viewer%3Adictionaries.v1%3Alsj-n93571/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Astronomical identification; historical and interpretive records kept separate.",
      "note": "The catalogue models the direction of the named Sirius target; a component name does not imply that the event solver models its binary orbit. The Greek name and Ptolemaic comparison are historical records, not measured personal effects.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "IAU: Naming Stars",
          "url": "https://iauarchive.eso.org/public/themes/naming_stars/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Ptolemy, Tetrabiblos I.9",
          "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Ptolemy/Tetrabiblos/1B*.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "related": [
      "fixed-star",
      "paran",
      "local-horizon",
      "meridian-transit",
      "astrometric-position",
      "precession"
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 10
  },
  {
    "id": "regulus",
    "term": "Regulus",
    "aliases": [
      "Alpha Leonis",
      "the heart of Leo"
    ],
    "definition": "The IAU-recognised proper name for Alpha Leonis A, a bright star in Leo.",
    "category": "Named stars",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "IAU: Naming Stars",
        "url": "https://iauarchive.eso.org/public/themes/naming_stars/"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Modern Latin regulus.",
      "note": "The name means ‘little king’, a diminutive of Latin rex; this lexical fact does not prove a doctrine of kingship.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Etymonline: Regulus",
          "url": "https://www.etymonline.com/word/Regulus"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Astronomical identification; historical and interpretive records kept separate.",
      "note": "Regulus A is a named stellar component in the IAU table. Ptolemy’s Mars-and-Jupiter comparison concerns the star at Leo’s heart in his own framework, not a modern paran recipe.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "IAU: Naming Stars",
          "url": "https://iauarchive.eso.org/public/themes/naming_stars/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Ptolemy, Tetrabiblos I.9",
          "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Ptolemy/Tetrabiblos/1B*.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "related": [
      "fixed-star",
      "paran",
      "local-horizon",
      "meridian-transit",
      "astrometric-position",
      "precession"
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 10
  },
  {
    "id": "spica",
    "term": "Spica",
    "aliases": [
      "Alpha Virginis",
      "ear of grain"
    ],
    "definition": "The IAU-recognised proper name for Alpha Virginis Aa, a bright stellar component in Virgo.",
    "category": "Named stars",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "IAU: Naming Stars",
        "url": "https://iauarchive.eso.org/public/themes/naming_stars/"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Latin spica.",
      "note": "The Latin noun denotes an ear or spike of grain. It names the star but does not itself prescribe an interpretive outcome.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Lewis & Short: spīca",
          "url": "https://atlas.perseus.tufts.edu/dictionaries/entry/urn%3Acite2%3Ascaife-viewer%3Adictionary-entries.atlas_v1%3Alat.ls.perseus-eng2-n44998/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Astronomical identification; historical and interpretive records kept separate.",
      "note": "The IAU list attaches Spica to Alpha Virginis Aa. Ptolemy’s Venus-with-lesser-Mars likeness is a source-specific comparison, not evidence for a fixed result when a modern tool finds an angular event.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "IAU: Naming Stars",
          "url": "https://iauarchive.eso.org/public/themes/naming_stars/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Ptolemy, Tetrabiblos I.9",
          "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Ptolemy/Tetrabiblos/1B*.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "related": [
      "fixed-star",
      "paran",
      "local-horizon",
      "meridian-transit",
      "astrometric-position",
      "precession"
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 10
  },
  {
    "id": "aldebaran",
    "term": "Aldebaran",
    "aliases": [
      "Alpha Tauri",
      "the Follower"
    ],
    "definition": "The IAU-recognised proper name for Alpha Tauri, a bright star in Taurus.",
    "category": "Named stars",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "IAU: Naming Stars",
        "url": "https://iauarchive.eso.org/public/themes/naming_stars/"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Arabic al-dabarān.",
      "note": "A Smithsonian history of Arabic star names, citing al-Sufi, explains the root as ‘to follow’ and relates it to following the Pleiades. Ptolemy instead calls the reddish Hyad ‘the Torch’ in the cited translation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Smithsonian: The Star-Names and Their Lore",
          "url": "https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/2445/SSHT-0046_Lo_res.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=2"
        },
        {
          "title": "Ptolemy, Tetrabiblos I.9",
          "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Ptolemy/Tetrabiblos/1B*.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Astronomical identification; historical and interpretive records kept separate.",
      "note": "The IAU identifies Aldebaran as Alpha Tauri. The Torch/Mars attribution belongs to Ptolemy’s reported inherited observations and must not be recast as a Brady-style angular reading.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "IAU: Naming Stars",
          "url": "https://iauarchive.eso.org/public/themes/naming_stars/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Ptolemy, Tetrabiblos I.9",
          "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Ptolemy/Tetrabiblos/1B*.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "related": [
      "fixed-star",
      "paran",
      "local-horizon",
      "meridian-transit",
      "astrometric-position",
      "precession"
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 10
  },
  {
    "id": "antares",
    "term": "Antares",
    "aliases": [
      "Alpha Scorpii",
      "heart of the Scorpion"
    ],
    "definition": "The IAU-recognised proper name for Alpha Scorpii A, a bright stellar component in Scorpius.",
    "category": "Named stars",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "IAU: Naming Stars",
        "url": "https://iauarchive.eso.org/public/themes/naming_stars/"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Ancient Greek Antares.",
      "note": "Etymonline analyses the name as contracted anti-Ares, ‘rival of Mars’, in reference to its red appearance. This is name history, not a calculation rule.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Etymonline: Antares",
          "url": "https://www.etymonline.com/word/Antares"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Astronomical identification; historical and interpretive records kept separate.",
      "note": "The IAU table identifies Antares with Alpha Scorpii A. Ptolemy’s Mars-with-lesser-Jupiter likeness is a historical, source-specific lens; modern parans only establish paired local angles.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "IAU: Naming Stars",
          "url": "https://iauarchive.eso.org/public/themes/naming_stars/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Ptolemy, Tetrabiblos I.9",
          "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Ptolemy/Tetrabiblos/1B*.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "related": [
      "fixed-star",
      "paran",
      "local-horizon",
      "meridian-transit",
      "astrometric-position",
      "precession"
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 10
  },
  {
    "id": "fomalhaut",
    "term": "Fomalhaut",
    "aliases": [
      "Alpha Piscis Austrini",
      "mouth of the Southern Fish"
    ],
    "definition": "The IAU-recognised proper name for Alpha Piscis Austrini A, a bright stellar component in Piscis Austrinus.",
    "category": "Named stars",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "IAU: Naming Stars",
        "url": "https://iauarchive.eso.org/public/themes/naming_stars/"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Scientific Arabic fam al-hūt.",
      "note": "The name means ‘mouth of the [Southern] Fish’. The IAU notes many historical spellings and names, so this entry avoids treating one form as exhaustive.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "NASA GSFC: Fomalhaut",
          "url": "https://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/ask_astro/night_sky.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "IAU: Naming Stars",
          "url": "https://iauarchive.eso.org/public/themes/naming_stars/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Astronomical identification; historical and interpretive records kept separate.",
      "note": "The IAU list attaches Fomalhaut to Alpha Piscis Austrini A. Ptolemy’s Venus-and-Mercury likeness for the bright mouth star is a comparative historical attribution, not a promised modern paran meaning.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "IAU: Naming Stars",
          "url": "https://iauarchive.eso.org/public/themes/naming_stars/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Ptolemy, Tetrabiblos I.9",
          "url": "https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Ptolemy/Tetrabiblos/1B*.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "related": [
      "fixed-star",
      "paran",
      "local-horizon",
      "meridian-transit",
      "astrometric-position",
      "precession"
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 10
  },
  {
    "id": "civil-day",
    "term": "Civil day",
    "aliases": [
      "local calendar day"
    ],
    "category": "Time and calendars",
    "definition": "A date interval governed by the local civil clock and calendar. Its duration need not be 24 hours when clock rules change.",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "IANA: theory and scope of the time-zone database",
        "url": "https://data.iana.org/time-zones/tzdb/theory.html"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "English civil + day; civil comes through French from Latin civilis.",
      "note": "Civilis derives from civis, citizen. Here civil identifies society’s clock/calendar convention; the compound’s earliest technical use is not established by this entry.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: civil, word history",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/civil"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Calendar convention and historical time-zone records.",
      "note": "The date’s boundaries depend on the chosen time-zone rules. IANA cautions that its records do not establish every local historical clock practice, especially before 1970.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "IANA: theory and scope of the time-zone database",
          "url": "https://data.iana.org/time-zones/tzdb/theory.html"
        }
      ]
    },
    "related": [
      "time-zone",
      "utc",
      "daylight-saving-time",
      "sunrise",
      "paran"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "sunrise",
    "term": "Sunrise",
    "aliases": [
      "sun rise"
    ],
    "category": "Sky events",
    "definition": "The Sun’s appearance at the horizon. Standard published times commonly use the apparent upper limb; a geometric body-centre calculation is a different, explicitly chosen convention.",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "U.S. Naval Observatory: rise, set and twilight definitions",
        "url": "https://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/RST_defs"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "English compound of sun and rise.",
      "note": "Merriam-Webster records sunrise from the 15th century. This word history does not specify a computational altitude or an ancient astrological day boundary.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: sunrise, word history",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sunrise"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Astronomical geometry with an adopted horizon, limb and atmospheric model.",
      "note": "A computed crossing is reproducible within those assumptions. Actual sighting also depends on terrain, observer height and atmospheric conditions.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "U.S. Naval Observatory: rise, set and twilight definitions",
          "url": "https://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/RST_defs"
        }
      ]
    },
    "related": [
      "sun",
      "local-horizon",
      "atmospheric-refraction",
      "civil-day",
      "paran"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "ten-gods",
    "term": "Ten Gods",
    "aliases": [
      "Shíshén 十神",
      "Ten Relationships",
      "Ten Stars"
    ],
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "definition": "In BaZi, ten named relationships assigned by comparing another stem with the Day Master through Five-Phase direction and yin–yang polarity.",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Mingli Tanyuan 命理探源, ‘Naming the ten stems by generation and control’",
        "url": "https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?chapter=419625&if=en"
      },
      {
        "title": "Vin Leo (2004) · Searching for the Gods, Joey Yap",
        "url": "https://www.joeyyap.com/tutorial/tutorial-details.asp?tid=28"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Traditional/practitioner interpretive classification",
      "note": "The label is a rule-based chart relation, not a measured personality trait, forecast, or scientific finding. A label alone does not establish strength, favourability, or an event outcome.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Mingli Tanyuan 命理探源",
          "url": "https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?chapter=419625&if=en"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Chinese shíshén 十神, literally ‘ten spirits/deities’.",
      "note": "The literal name is documented as a traditional label. This draft makes no claim about when the name was coined or that it describes literal supernatural beings.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Mingli Tanyuan 命理探源",
          "url": "https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?chapter=419625&if=en"
        }
      ]
    },
    "reflection": "Use the label as a prompt to ask what relationship the rule has classified; keep the chart position, hidden stems and school-specific context in view.",
    "related": [
      "bazi-friend",
      "bazi-rob-wealth",
      "bazi-eating-god",
      "bazi-hurting-officer",
      "bazi-direct-wealth",
      "bazi-indirect-wealth",
      "bazi-direct-officer",
      "bazi-seven-killings",
      "bazi-direct-resource",
      "bazi-indirect-resource",
      "day-master",
      "four-pillars"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "bazi-friend",
    "term": "Friend",
    "aliases": [
      "Bǐjiān 比肩",
      "Companion"
    ],
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "definition": "The Ten Gods relation for a stem of the same phase and same polarity as the Day Master.",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Mingli Tanyuan 命理探源",
        "url": "https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?chapter=419625&if=en"
      },
      {
        "title": "Vin Leo (2004) · Searching for the Gods, Joey Yap",
        "url": "https://www.joeyyap.com/tutorial/tutorial-details.asp?tid=28"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Relational classification",
      "note": "For a Jia (甲, Yang Wood) Day Master, another Jia is Friend. It classifies a relation; it does not prove friendship or prescribe a social role.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Vin Leo (2004) · Searching for the Gods, Joey Yap",
          "url": "https://www.joeyyap.com/tutorial/tutorial-details.asp?tid=28"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Bǐjiān 比肩, literally ‘shoulder alongside/parallel shoulder’.",
      "note": "‘Friend’ is an English teaching label; the literal Chinese points to side-by-side comparison. A historical naming origin is not asserted.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Mingli Tanyuan 命理探源",
          "url": "https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?chapter=419625&if=en"
        }
      ]
    },
    "reflection": "Read this as a same-kind relation before attaching any personal story.",
    "related": [
      "ten-gods",
      "day-master",
      "heavenly-stem",
      "five-phases"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "bazi-rob-wealth",
    "term": "Rob Wealth",
    "aliases": [
      "Jiécái 劫財 / 劫财",
      "Rob Wealth Star"
    ],
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "definition": "The Ten Gods relation for a stem of the same phase as the Day Master and opposite polarity.",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Mingli Tanyuan 命理探源",
        "url": "https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?chapter=419625&if=en"
      },
      {
        "title": "Vin Leo (2004) · Searching for the Gods, Joey Yap",
        "url": "https://www.joeyyap.com/tutorial/tutorial-details.asp?tid=28"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Relational classification",
      "note": "For Jia (甲, Yang Wood), Yi (乙, Yin Wood) is Rob Wealth. Its alarming literal English label is a technical name, not a prediction of theft or financial loss.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Vin Leo (2004) · Searching for the Gods, Joey Yap",
          "url": "https://www.joeyyap.com/tutorial/tutorial-details.asp?tid=28"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Jiécái 劫財, literally ‘seize/rob wealth’.",
      "note": "The English rendering follows the literal components. This record does not claim that the term describes a person’s conduct or a chart’s outcome.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Mingli Tanyuan 命理探源",
          "url": "https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?chapter=419625&if=en"
        }
      ]
    },
    "reflection": "Separate a traditional technical title from claims about resources, trust or behaviour.",
    "related": [
      "ten-gods",
      "day-master",
      "heavenly-stem",
      "five-phases"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "bazi-eating-god",
    "term": "Eating God",
    "aliases": [
      "Shíshén 食神",
      "Food God"
    ],
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "definition": "The Ten Gods relation for a stem produced by the Day Master and sharing its polarity.",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Mingli Tanyuan 命理探源",
        "url": "https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?chapter=419625&if=en"
      },
      {
        "title": "Vin Leo (2004) · Searching for the Gods, Joey Yap",
        "url": "https://www.joeyyap.com/tutorial/tutorial-details.asp?tid=28"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Relational classification",
      "note": "For Jia (甲, Yang Wood), Bing (丙, Yang Fire) is Eating God. The category follows the produced-by direction plus polarity; it is not evidence of appetite, talent, or health.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Mingli Tanyuan 命理探源",
          "url": "https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?chapter=419625&if=en"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Shíshén 食神, literally ‘food/eat spirit/deity’.",
      "note": "‘Eating God’ is a literal-style English label. The historical reason for this conventional name is not established here.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Mingli Tanyuan 命理探源",
          "url": "https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?chapter=419625&if=en"
        }
      ]
    },
    "reflection": "First verify the outward phase direction; only then compare a named school’s contextual reading.",
    "related": [
      "ten-gods",
      "day-master",
      "heavenly-stem",
      "five-phases"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "bazi-hurting-officer",
    "term": "Hurting Officer",
    "aliases": [
      "Shāngguān 傷官 / 伤官",
      "Wounding Officer"
    ],
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "definition": "The Ten Gods relation for a stem produced by the Day Master and of opposite polarity.",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Mingli Tanyuan 命理探源",
        "url": "https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?chapter=419625&if=en"
      },
      {
        "title": "Vin Leo (2004) · Searching for the Gods, Joey Yap",
        "url": "https://www.joeyyap.com/tutorial/tutorial-details.asp?tid=28"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Relational classification",
      "note": "For Jia (甲, Yang Wood), Ding (丁, Yin Fire) is Hurting Officer. The name is not a forecast of injury, insubordination, or a person’s moral character.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Mingli Tanyuan 命理探源",
          "url": "https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?chapter=419625&if=en"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Shāngguān 傷官, literally ‘injure/harm officer’.",
      "note": "The translation preserves the character-level sense; its naming history and any school-specific interpretation require separate evidence.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Mingli Tanyuan 命理探源",
          "url": "https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?chapter=419625&if=en"
        }
      ]
    },
    "reflection": "A charged name is not a verdict; retain the phase relation and polarity as the actual computed fact.",
    "related": [
      "ten-gods",
      "day-master",
      "heavenly-stem",
      "five-phases"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "bazi-direct-wealth",
    "term": "Direct Wealth",
    "aliases": [
      "Zhèngcái 正財 / 正财",
      "Proper Wealth"
    ],
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "definition": "The Ten Gods relation for a stem controlled by the Day Master and of opposite polarity.",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Mingli Tanyuan 命理探源",
        "url": "https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?chapter=419625&if=en"
      },
      {
        "title": "Vin Leo (2004) · Searching for the Gods, Joey Yap",
        "url": "https://www.joeyyap.com/tutorial/tutorial-details.asp?tid=28"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Relational classification",
      "note": "For Jia (甲, Yang Wood), Ji (己, Yin Earth) is Direct Wealth. It does not measure income, predict prosperity, or assign a gendered relationship role.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Mingli Tanyuan 命理探源",
          "url": "https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?chapter=419625&if=en"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Zhèngcái 正財, literally ‘proper/regular wealth’.",
      "note": "‘Direct’ is a conventional translation for zhèng in this paired nomenclature; no claim is made that it is morally superior or historically original.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Mingli Tanyuan 命理探源",
          "url": "https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?chapter=419625&if=en"
        }
      ]
    },
    "reflection": "Treat ‘wealth’ as a category name until a sourced school supplies its contextual conditions.",
    "related": [
      "ten-gods",
      "day-master",
      "heavenly-stem",
      "five-phases"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "bazi-indirect-wealth",
    "term": "Indirect Wealth",
    "aliases": [
      "Piāncái 偏財 / 偏财",
      "Partial Wealth"
    ],
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "definition": "The Ten Gods relation for a stem controlled by the Day Master and sharing its polarity.",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Mingli Tanyuan 命理探源",
        "url": "https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?chapter=419625&if=en"
      },
      {
        "title": "Vin Leo (2004) · Searching for the Gods, Joey Yap",
        "url": "https://www.joeyyap.com/tutorial/tutorial-details.asp?tid=28"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Relational classification",
      "note": "For Jia (甲, Yang Wood), Wu (戊, Yang Earth) is Indirect Wealth. The classification does not distinguish ethical from unethical money or predict a financial event.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Mingli Tanyuan 命理探源",
          "url": "https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?chapter=419625&if=en"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Piāncái 偏財, literally ‘side/partial wealth’.",
      "note": "‘Indirect’ is a common English counterpart to Direct Wealth; the literal term does not itself establish a factual source of income.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Mingli Tanyuan 命理探源",
          "url": "https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?chapter=419625&if=en"
        }
      ]
    },
    "reflection": "Keep the directional rule visible before interpreting an English wealth label.",
    "related": [
      "ten-gods",
      "day-master",
      "heavenly-stem",
      "five-phases"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "bazi-direct-officer",
    "term": "Direct Officer",
    "aliases": [
      "Zhèngguān 正官",
      "Proper Officer"
    ],
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "definition": "The Ten Gods relation for a stem that controls the Day Master and has opposite polarity.",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Mingli Tanyuan 命理探源",
        "url": "https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?chapter=419625&if=en"
      },
      {
        "title": "Vin Leo (2004) · Searching for the Gods, Joey Yap",
        "url": "https://www.joeyyap.com/tutorial/tutorial-details.asp?tid=28"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Relational classification",
      "note": "For Jia (甲, Yang Wood), Xin (辛, Yin Metal) is Direct Officer. It does not establish a job, authority ranking, personality type, or gendered spouse indicator.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Mingli Tanyuan 命理探源",
          "url": "https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?chapter=419625&if=en"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Zhèngguān 正官, literally ‘proper/regular official’.",
      "note": "‘Officer’ translates the office-holder term guān. The title is a technical contrast with partial/indirect officer, not an assessment of virtue.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Mingli Tanyuan 命理探源",
          "url": "https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?chapter=419625&if=en"
        }
      ]
    },
    "reflection": "Name the control direction and polarity before importing any institutional or personal association.",
    "related": [
      "ten-gods",
      "day-master",
      "heavenly-stem",
      "five-phases"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "bazi-seven-killings",
    "term": "Seven Killings",
    "aliases": [
      "Qīshā 七殺 / 七杀",
      "Partial Officer 偏官",
      "Seven Sha"
    ],
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "definition": "The Ten Gods relation for a stem that controls the Day Master and shares its polarity; it is also called Partial Officer.",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Mingli Tanyuan 命理探源",
        "url": "https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?chapter=419625&if=en"
      },
      {
        "title": "Vin Leo (2004) · Searching for the Gods, Joey Yap",
        "url": "https://www.joeyyap.com/tutorial/tutorial-details.asp?tid=28"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Relational classification",
      "note": "For Jia (甲, Yang Wood), Geng (庚, Yang Metal) is Seven Killings/Partial Officer. The name is not a prediction of violence, danger, criminality, or death.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Mingli Tanyuan 命理探源",
          "url": "https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?chapter=419625&if=en"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Qīshā 七殺, literally ‘seven killings’; the same source gives piānguān 偏官, ‘partial officer’, as an alias.",
      "note": "The historical text records the alternate name. It does not warrant literal forecasting from the English name. Partial Officer (偏官, piānguān) is a common related label; some classical treatments distinguish it by whether the relation is restrained.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Mingli Tanyuan 命理探源",
          "url": "https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?chapter=419625&if=en"
        },
        {
          "title": "Sanming Tonghui 三命通會 · 卷五#論偏官",
          "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hant/三命通會/卷五#論偏官"
        }
      ]
    },
    "reflection": "Avoid turning a traditional label into a safety claim; the computable result is a phase-and-polarity relation.",
    "related": [
      "ten-gods",
      "day-master",
      "heavenly-stem",
      "five-phases"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "bazi-direct-resource",
    "term": "Direct Resource",
    "aliases": [
      "Zhèngyìn 正印",
      "Proper Seal"
    ],
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "definition": "The Ten Gods relation for a stem that produces the Day Master and has opposite polarity.",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Mingli Tanyuan 命理探源",
        "url": "https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?chapter=419625&if=en"
      },
      {
        "title": "Vin Leo (2004) · Searching for the Gods, Joey Yap",
        "url": "https://www.joeyyap.com/tutorial/tutorial-details.asp?tid=28"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Relational classification",
      "note": "For Jia (甲, Yang Wood), Gui (癸, Yin Water) is Direct Resource. It does not measure education, parental support, intelligence, or protection.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Mingli Tanyuan 命理探源",
          "url": "https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?chapter=419625&if=en"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Zhèngyìn 正印, literally ‘proper/regular seal’.",
      "note": "‘Resource’ is a practitioner-facing English label; yìn literally denotes a seal/imprint. The reason for the traditional metaphor is not inferred here.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Mingli Tanyuan 命理探源",
          "url": "https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?chapter=419625&if=en"
        }
      ]
    },
    "reflection": "Read the inward generating relation as the fixed result; add wider context only from a named school.",
    "related": [
      "ten-gods",
      "day-master",
      "heavenly-stem",
      "five-phases"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "bazi-indirect-resource",
    "term": "Indirect Resource",
    "aliases": [
      "Piānyìn 偏印",
      "Partial Seal",
      "Dàoshí 倒食",
      "Xiāoshén 梟神 / 枭神"
    ],
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "definition": "The Ten Gods relation for a stem that produces the Day Master and shares its polarity; traditional aliases include Partial Seal, Inverted Food and Owl Spirit.",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Mingli Tanyuan 命理探源",
        "url": "https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?chapter=419625&if=en"
      },
      {
        "title": "Vin Leo (2004) · Searching for the Gods, Joey Yap",
        "url": "https://www.joeyyap.com/tutorial/tutorial-details.asp?tid=28"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Relational classification",
      "note": "For Jia (甲, Yang Wood), Ren (壬, Yang Water) is Indirect Resource. No inference about learning style, family, health, or an omen follows from the label alone.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Mingli Tanyuan 命理探源",
          "url": "https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?chapter=419625&if=en"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Piānyìn 偏印, literally ‘partial/side seal’; Mingli Tanyuan also lists dàoshí 倒食 (‘inverted food’) and xiāoshén 梟神 (‘owl spirit’) as aliases.",
      "note": "The aliases are traditional nomenclature, not forecasts or moral descriptors. Their early naming history remains unverified. Owl and Devouring Food are contextual interpretive names in some texts, not unconditional replacements for every Indirect Resource.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Mingli Tanyuan 命理探源",
          "url": "https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?chapter=419625&if=en"
        },
        {
          "title": "Sanming Tonghui 三命通會 · 卷六#論倒食",
          "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hant/三命通會/卷六#論倒食"
        }
      ]
    },
    "reflection": "Where several historic names exist, show the alias and the relationship rule rather than treating any one title as a destiny claim.",
    "related": [
      "ten-gods",
      "day-master",
      "heavenly-stem",
      "five-phases"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "bazi-hidden-stem",
    "term": "Hidden stem",
    "aliases": [
      "Hidden stems",
      "Cánggān 藏干",
      "Branch-hidden stem",
      "Zhī zhōng suǒ cáng tiāngān 支中所藏天干"
    ],
    "definition": "In BaZi, a Heavenly Stem listed within an Earthly Branch rather than shown as that pillar’s visible upper stem.",
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "related": [
      "earthly-branch",
      "heavenly-stem",
      "day-master",
      "five-phases",
      "ten-gods",
      "four-pillars"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Mingli Tanyuan 命理探源, ‘Hidden Heavenly Stems within Earthly Branches’",
        "url": "https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?chapter=419625&if=en&remap=gb"
      },
      {
        "title": "Joey Yap · How to Grow Your Business Using BaZi, chart example with Hidden Stems",
        "url": "https://www.joeyyap.com/dl/gyb/How_to_Grow_Your_Business_using_BaZi.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Traditional BaZi chart convention and interpretive input",
      "note": "A hidden stem is a stated member of a branch under a source table; it is not a measured quantity or an automatic prediction. Traditional texts compare stems concealed in branches with the day stem, but any judgment about strength, roots, seasonal command, combinations or future events requires additional named rules.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Mingli Tanyuan 命理探源",
          "url": "https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?chapter=419625&if=en&remap=gb"
        },
        {
          "title": "Sanming Tonghui 三命通會, volume 2, branches and seasonal context",
          "url": "https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?chapter=926595&if=gb"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Chinese cánggān 藏干: cáng means ‘store, conceal’ and gān is the shortened form of tiāngān, ‘Heavenly Stem.’",
      "note": "The literal sense describes the conventional placement of a stem within a branch. This entry does not assert a single date, author or universal origin for the membership tables used by later schools.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Mingli Tanyuan 命理探源, ‘Hidden Heavenly Stems within Earthly Branches’",
          "url": "https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?chapter=419625&if=en&remap=gb"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "bazi-main-qi",
    "term": "Main qi",
    "aliases": [
      "Běnqì 本氣",
      "Běnqì 本气",
      "Primary qi"
    ],
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "definition": "In the named BaZi branch table, the hidden stem explicitly designated as the branch’s principal qi. It is a category rather than a numerical strength estimate.",
    "related": [
      "bazi-hidden-stem",
      "earthly-branch",
      "five-phases",
      "ten-gods"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "機緣學社 · introductory BaZi, 藏干 and 本氣 table",
        "url": "https://www.wisesociety.com.hk/eight-characters-beginners/"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Chinese běnqì 本氣, rendered here as main or principal qi.",
      "note": "The source uses 本氣 as a column heading beside its hidden-stem lists. The English label identifies that column; it does not establish a first coinage or a universal weighting system.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "機緣學社 · introductory BaZi, 藏干 and 本氣 table",
          "url": "https://www.wisesociety.com.hk/eight-characters-beginners/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Source-specific interpretive designation",
      "note": "The Wise Society teaching table names one main stem for each branch. That designation can be reproduced; how it contributes to strength or seasonal command needs a separate method.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "機緣學社 · introductory BaZi, 藏干 and 本氣 table",
          "url": "https://www.wisesociety.com.hk/eight-characters-beginners/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "bazi-six-combinations",
    "term": "Six combinations",
    "aliases": [
      "Six harmonies",
      "Liùhé 六合",
      "Earthly Branch six combinations",
      "Dìzhī liùhé 地支六合",
      "Six-combination pair",
      "六合"
    ],
    "definition": "In BaZi, six fixed pairs of Earthly Branches conventionally recognized as combinations: Zi–Chou, Yin–Hai, Mao–Xu, Chen–You, Si–Shen and Wu–Wei.",
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "related": [
      "earthly-branch",
      "four-pillars",
      "bazi-hidden-stem",
      "five-phases",
      "bazi-six-clashes",
      "bazi-three-harmonies",
      "bazi-seasonal-meetings"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Wuxing Dayi 五行大義, volume 2 (traditional text transcription)",
        "url": "https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?chapter=599847&if=en&remap=gb"
      },
      {
        "title": "Joey Yap · Hack Your Destiny with BaZi, Earthly Branches Combinations table",
        "url": "https://www.joeyyap.com/notes/hydb/Hack_Your_Destiny_With_BaZi.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Traditional branch-pair convention and interpretive input",
      "note": "A combination is a sourced relationship label for a listed pair of branches. Detecting the pair in a calculated chart is mechanical; claims that it binds, transforms, helps, harms or predicts an event belong to a named interpretive method and are not established by pair membership alone.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Wuxing Dayi 五行大義, volume 2",
          "url": "https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?chapter=599847&if=en&remap=gb"
        },
        {
          "title": "Joey Yap · Hack Your Destiny with BaZi",
          "url": "https://www.joeyyap.com/notes/hydb/Hack_Your_Destiny_With_BaZi.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Chinese liùhé 六合: liù means ‘six’; hé means ‘combine, join, accord’ in this compound. Pinyin is editorial romanization, not evidence of a single historical pronunciation or a universal English equivalent.",
      "note": "‘Six combinations’ is the literal, least interpretive English label. ‘Six harmonies’ is also common, but should not imply that every occurrence is beneficial or that the two branches automatically change into another phase.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Wuxing Dayi 五行大義, volume 2",
          "url": "https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?chapter=599847&if=en&remap=gb"
        },
        {
          "title": "Joey Yap · Hack Your Destiny with BaZi",
          "url": "https://www.joeyyap.com/notes/hydb/Hack_Your_Destiny_With_BaZi.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "wikiIndex": 29
  },
  {
    "id": "bazi-six-clashes",
    "term": "Six clashes",
    "aliases": [
      "Six oppositions",
      "Liùchōng 六沖",
      "Liùchōng 六冲",
      "Earthly Branch six clashes",
      "Dìzhī liùchōng 地支六沖",
      "Six-clash pair",
      "六沖",
      "六冲"
    ],
    "definition": "In BaZi, six fixed opposing pairs of Earthly Branches: Zi–Wu, Chou–Wei, Yin–Shen, Mao–You, Chen–Xu and Si–Hai.",
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "related": [
      "earthly-branch",
      "four-pillars",
      "bazi-hidden-stem",
      "five-phases",
      "bazi-six-combinations",
      "bazi-three-harmonies",
      "bazi-seasonal-meetings"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Bu Shi Quanshu 卜筮全書, volume 14 (traditional text transcription)",
        "url": "https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?chapter=336749&if=en&remap=gb"
      },
      {
        "title": "Joey Yap · Hack Your Destiny with BaZi, Earthly Branches Six Clashes table",
        "url": "https://www.joeyyap.com/notes/hydb/Hack_Your_Destiny_With_BaZi.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Traditional branch-pair convention and interpretive input",
      "note": "A clash is a sourced relationship label for a listed opposite pair. The detector can report its presence and pillar positions; it does not measure conflict, prove a life outcome or establish that either branch overcomes the other.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Bu Shi Quanshu 卜筮全書, volume 14",
          "url": "https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?chapter=336749&if=en&remap=gb"
        },
        {
          "title": "Joey Yap · Hack Your Destiny with BaZi",
          "url": "https://www.joeyyap.com/notes/hydb/Hack_Your_Destiny_With_BaZi.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Chinese liùchōng 六沖: liù means ‘six’; chōng means ‘rush against’ or ‘clash.’ Pinyin is editorial romanization, not evidence of a single historical pronunciation or a universal psychological meaning.",
      "note": "‘Six clashes’ translates the relation label. The English wording does not turn a detected pair into a diagnosis, a forecast or an automatic bad outcome.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Bu Shi Quanshu 卜筮全書, volume 14",
          "url": "https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?chapter=336749&if=en&remap=gb"
        },
        {
          "title": "Joey Yap · Hack Your Destiny with BaZi",
          "url": "https://www.joeyyap.com/notes/hydb/Hack_Your_Destiny_With_BaZi.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "wikiIndex": 29
  },
  {
    "id": "bazi-three-harmonies",
    "term": "Three harmonies",
    "aliases": [
      "Three combinations",
      "Sānhé 三合",
      "Sanhe",
      "Earthly Branch three harmonies",
      "Dìzhī sānhé 地支三合",
      "三合"
    ],
    "definition": "In BaZi, four conventional three-branch groups: Shen–Zi–Chen, Hai–Mao–Wei, Yin–Wu–Xu and Si–You–Chou; the tool reports full membership when all three distinct member branches occur.",
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "related": [
      "earthly-branch",
      "four-pillars",
      "five-phases",
      "bazi-hidden-stem",
      "bazi-six-combinations",
      "bazi-six-clashes",
      "bazi-seasonal-meetings"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Sanming Tonghui 三命通會, volume 2, ‘On the three combinations of branch origins’",
        "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hant/三命通會/卷二#論支元三合"
      },
      {
        "title": "Sanming Tonghui 三命通會, volume 2, branch discussion",
        "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hant/三命通會/卷二#論地支"
      },
      {
        "title": "五行大義 卷二 第六論五行相雜・三論方位雜",
        "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hant/五行大義/2#三論方位雜"
      },
      {
        "title": "子平真詮・七、論刑沖會合解法",
        "url": "https://www.donglishuzhai.net/chapter/3720.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Traditional branch-group convention and calendar-derived membership calculation",
      "note": "The chart calculation can establish only whether each cited three-branch membership set is complete among the four visible Earthly Branches. Traditional explanations associate the sets with phases and a birth–prosperity–storage sequence, but those correspondences are inherited interpretive material, not a measured property of a person. A complete set does not by itself establish transformation, strength, precedence or a forecast.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Sanming Tonghui 三命通會, volume 2, ‘On the three combinations of branch origins’",
          "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hant/三命通會/卷二#論支元三合"
        },
        {
          "title": "Sanming Tonghui 三命通會, volume 2, branch discussion",
          "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hant/三命通會/卷二#論地支"
        },
        {
          "title": "五行大義 卷二 第六論五行相雜・三論方位雜",
          "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hant/五行大義/2#三論方位雜"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Chinese sānhé 三合: sān means ‘three’; hé means ‘join, combine, accord.’",
      "note": "‘Three harmonies’ is a common English rendering; ‘three combinations’ stays closer to the literal relation label. The compound names a conventional group and does not assert that all chart occurrences are harmonious in an everyday or psychological sense.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Sanming Tonghui 三命通會, volume 2, heading ‘論支元三合’",
          "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hant/三命通會/卷二#論支元三合"
        }
      ]
    },
    "wikiIndex": 29
  },
  {
    "id": "bazi-seasonal-meetings",
    "term": "Seasonal meetings",
    "aliases": [
      "Three meetings",
      "Sānhuì 三會",
      "Sānhui 三会",
      "Sanhui",
      "Earthly Branch seasonal meetings",
      "Dìzhī sānhuì 地支三會",
      "三會",
      "三会"
    ],
    "definition": "In BaZi teaching, four conventional three-branch directional-seasonal groups: Yin–Mao–Chen (Wood/spring), Si–Wu–Wei (Fire/summer), Shen–You–Xu (Metal/autumn), and Hai–Zi–Chou (Water/winter); the tool reports full membership when all three distinct member branches occur.",
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "related": [
      "earthly-branch",
      "four-pillars",
      "five-phases",
      "bazi-hidden-stem",
      "bazi-six-combinations",
      "bazi-six-clashes",
      "bazi-three-harmonies"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Book of Rites 禮記, ‘Monthly Ordinances’ 月令",
        "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hant/禮記/月令"
      },
      {
        "title": "Joey Yap, BaZi for Smart Money Workshop",
        "url": "https://www.joeyyap.com/notes/smw/BZ_For_Smart_Money_Workshop.pdf#page=23"
      },
      {
        "title": "五行大義 卷二 第六論五行相雜・三論方位雜",
        "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hant/五行大義/2#三論方位雜"
      },
      {
        "title": "子平真詮・七、論刑沖會合解法",
        "url": "https://www.donglishuzhai.net/chapter/3720.html"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Traditional seasonal-directional correspondences and calendar-derived membership calculation",
      "note": "The native tool reports a complete listed group only when its three different branches appear in the four calculated pillars. Its four phase/season labels follow a traditional correlative table; they are not measured energy, proof that a group has ‘transformed,’ or a prediction. The origin and exact status of ‘three meetings’ as a single standardized BaZi term varies across later teaching lineages, so this entry does not assign it a single author or date.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Book of Rites 禮記, ‘Monthly Ordinances’ 月令",
          "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hant/禮記/月令"
        },
        {
          "title": "Joey Yap, BaZi for Smart Money Workshop",
          "url": "https://www.joeyyap.com/notes/smw/BZ_For_Smart_Money_Workshop.pdf#page=23"
        },
        {
          "title": "五行大義 卷二 第六論五行相雜・三論方位雜",
          "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hant/五行大義/2#三論方位雜"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Chinese sānhuì 三會: sān means ‘three’; huì means ‘meet, assemble, converge.’",
      "note": "‘Seasonal meetings’ specifies the directional and seasonal use of the label in this entry. 三會/三会 are traditional and simplified written forms; romanization renders the modern Mandarin reading and does not establish one historical pronunciation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Joey Yap, BaZi for Smart Money Workshop",
          "url": "https://www.joeyyap.com/notes/smw/BZ_For_Smart_Money_Workshop.pdf#page=23"
        }
      ]
    },
    "wikiIndex": 29
  },
  {
    "id": "reduced-harmonic-order",
    "term": "Reduced harmonic order",
    "aliases": [
      "reduced order",
      "primitive harmonic relation",
      "reduced rational harmonic"
    ],
    "definition": "The denominator left after the nearest rational angular fraction k/h has been reduced to lowest terms. It identifies the smallest integer harmonic represented by that exact fraction and is distinct from a tool's lowest-qualifying-harmonic search option.",
    "category": "Harmonics & patterns",
    "related": [
      "harmonic-chart",
      "harmonic-orb",
      "lowest-harmonic",
      "aspect",
      "orb",
      "ecliptic-longitude",
      "harmonic-triangle",
      "harmonic-pattern-prominence"
    ],
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Astrodienst · Single Harmonic Chart",
        "url": "https://www.astro.com/cgi/h.cgi?f=gch&h=gch29&lang=e"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Number-theoretic reduction of a stated angular fraction",
      "note": "For a pair 72° apart, the nearest exact fraction is 1/5 and the reduced order is 5. That pair is also conjunct in H10, but H10 does not convert its primitive relation into a tenth-harmonic teaching. Nearness is separate: the inspector should display residual and declared orb, then say whether the selected factor qualifies.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Astrodienst · Single Harmonic Chart",
          "url": "https://www.astro.com/cgi/h.cgi?f=gch&h=gch29&lang=e"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Modern descriptive compound using mathematical 'reduce' and 'order'.",
      "note": "Reduced means expressed in lowest terms; order names the denominator used to index the smallest repeating angular division. It is an Atlas display term, not a historical school label attributed to Cochrane.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: reduce",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/reduce"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: order",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/order"
        }
      ]
    },
    "wikiIndex": 6
  },
  {
    "id": "harmonic-pattern-prominence",
    "term": "Harmonic-pattern prominence",
    "aliases": [
      "harmonic pattern score",
      "multi-planet harmonic emphasis"
    ],
    "definition": "Cochrane's two rankings count four-planet patterns or unequally weighted pairs. It is not an Atlas graph metric.",
    "category": "Harmonics & patterns",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "David Cochrane, The First 32 Harmonics · printed pp. 1–2 / PDF physical pp. 7–8",
        "url": "https://www.astrosoftware.com/harmonicfirst32.pdf#page=7"
      }
    ],
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Author-configured AstroSignature research methods",
      "note": "He favoured the former method for strong harmonics. Its result cannot be inferred from an unweighted threshold graph.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "David Cochrane, The First 32 Harmonics · printed pp. 1–2 / PDF physical pp. 7–8",
          "url": "https://www.astrosoftware.com/harmonicfirst32.pdf#page=7"
        }
      ]
    },
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Modern analytical compound.",
      "note": "Prominence means comparative conspicuousness; the whole label is Atlas vocabulary documenting a score, not a historic Cochrane technical term.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster: prominence",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/prominence"
        }
      ]
    },
    "related": [
      "harmonic-triangle",
      "harmonic-chart",
      "harmonic-orb",
      "lowest-harmonic",
      "aspect",
      "orb"
    ],
    "wikiIndex": 6
  },
  {
    "id": "jyotish-kendra",
    "term": "Kendra",
    "aliases": [
      "kendras"
    ],
    "definition": "Kendra names houses 1, 4, 7, and 10 from the ascendant in Jyotish.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao, Vedic Astrology: An Integrated Approach, §7.4 (physical pp. 86–89)",
        "url": "https://vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf#page=86"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit kendra (केन्द्र): centre.",
      "note": "Centre is the lexical gloss. The earliest astrological use and the path of transmission are not established in this entry.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams, kendra",
          "url": "https://sanskritdictionary.com/kendra/62309/1"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Traditional Jyotish house-category convention, presented here as a named interpretive classification rather than an empirical causal claim.",
      "note": "The definition fixes a house set; it does not assign a forecast or rank every planet in it.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao, §7.4 (physical pp. 86–89)",
          "url": "https://vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf#page=86"
        }
      ]
    },
    "wikiIndex": 24,
    "related": [
      "jyotish-trikona",
      "upachaya",
      "dusthana",
      "dasha-lord-reference",
      "mahadasha",
      "antardasha",
      "lagna"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "jyotish-trikona",
    "term": "Trikona",
    "aliases": [
      "trikonas",
      "trine houses"
    ],
    "definition": "Trikona names houses 1, 5, and 9 from the ascendant in Jyotish.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao, Vedic Astrology: An Integrated Approach, §7.4 (physical pp. 86–89)",
        "url": "https://vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf#page=86"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit tri-koṇa (त्रिकोण): triangular; a triangle.",
      "note": "This lexical sense does not settle which house set a particular Jyotish school adopts. First technical use is unverified.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams, tri-koṇa",
          "url": "https://buddhism-dict.net/ddb/monier-williams/mw-11.html"
        },
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams, trikoṇa",
          "url": "https://sanskritdictionary.com/?q=triko%E1%B9%87a"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Traditional Jyotish house-category convention.",
      "note": "This refers to houses, not Western degree-based trine aspects between planets.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao, §7.4 (physical pp. 86–89)",
          "url": "https://vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf#page=86"
        }
      ]
    },
    "wikiIndex": 24,
    "related": [
      "jyotish-kendra",
      "upachaya",
      "dusthana",
      "dasha-lord-reference",
      "mahadasha",
      "antardasha",
      "lagna"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "upachaya",
    "term": "Upachaya",
    "aliases": [
      "upacaya",
      "growth houses",
      "houses of increase"
    ],
    "definition": "Upachaya names houses 3, 6, 10, and 11 in the Jyotish house scheme.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao, Vedic Astrology: An Integrated Approach, §7.4 (physical pp. 86–89)",
        "url": "https://vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf#page=86"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit upacaya (उपचय): increase, accumulation, growth or welfare.",
      "note": "Upachaya is an English spelling of upacaya; the lexical gloss does not guarantee an outcome.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Macdonell, upacaya",
          "url": "https://sanskritdictionary.com/upacaya/4283/2"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Traditional Jyotish house-category convention.",
      "note": "A house can belong to more than one category; sixth house is also dusthana in the cited classification.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao, §7.4 (physical pp. 86–89)",
          "url": "https://vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf#page=86"
        }
      ]
    },
    "wikiIndex": 24,
    "related": [
      "jyotish-kendra",
      "jyotish-trikona",
      "dusthana",
      "dasha-lord-reference",
      "mahadasha",
      "antardasha",
      "lagna"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dusthana",
    "term": "Dusthana",
    "aliases": [
      "difficult houses"
    ],
    "definition": "Dusthana names houses 6, 8, and 12 in the Jyotish house scheme.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao, Vedic Astrology: An Integrated Approach, §7.4 (physical pp. 86–89)",
        "url": "https://vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf#page=86"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Dusthana is the romanized Jyotish label used for this house group; its Sanskrit compound derivation remains uncertain here.",
      "note": "The cited dictionary headword duḥ-stha describes an adverse condition, but it is a different headword. It does not by itself establish the technical term’s origin or earliest use.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Monier-Williams, p. 483, duḥ-stha",
          "url": "https://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/MWScanpdf/mw0483-dut.pdf"
        },
        {
          "title": "Benfey, p. 405, duḥstha",
          "url": "https://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/BENScan/BENScanpdf/ben-0405.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Traditional Jyotish house-category convention.",
      "note": "The label is not a standalone prediction of illness, loss, death, or any event.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao, §7.4 (physical pp. 86–89)",
          "url": "https://vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf#page=86"
        }
      ]
    },
    "wikiIndex": 24,
    "related": [
      "jyotish-kendra",
      "jyotish-trikona",
      "upachaya",
      "dasha-lord-reference",
      "mahadasha",
      "antardasha",
      "lagna"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dasha-lord-reference",
    "term": "Dasha-lord reference",
    "aliases": [
      "temporary dasha lagna",
      "period-lord reference"
    ],
    "definition": "Atlas label for a dasha lord used as temporary lagna in subperiod analysis.",
    "category": "Indian astrology",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao, Vedic Astrology: An Integrated Approach, §16.5.1 (physical p. 226)",
        "url": "https://vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf#page=226"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Dasha-lord reference is an Atlas modern descriptive label.",
      "note": "This descriptive label combines dasha, meaning period in the cited teaching, with the English words lord and reference. It is not presented as an ancient Sanskrit technical compound.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao, Dasa Analysis introduction, physical219",
          "url": "https://vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf#page=219"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "A documented Jyotish reading convention, exposed as an optional reference frame in Atlas.",
      "note": "It organizes subperiod analysis; it does not independently establish an event forecast.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "P. V. R. Narasimha Rao, §16.5.1 (physical p. 226)",
          "url": "https://vedicastrologer.org/articles/vedic_astro_textbook.pdf#page=226"
        }
      ]
    },
    "wikiIndex": 24,
    "related": [
      "jyotish-kendra",
      "jyotish-trikona",
      "upachaya",
      "dusthana",
      "mahadasha",
      "antardasha",
      "lagna"
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "ming-palace",
    "term": "Ming palace",
    "aliases": [
      "Life palace",
      "命宮",
      "Mìng gōng"
    ],
    "definition": "Zi Wei Dou Shu’s reference palace, located using the resolved lunar month and birth hour.",
    "category": "Chinese astrology",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "x-iztro — How charting works",
        "url": "https://ziwei.x-haose.com/en/docs/guide/concepts/how-it-works"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Chinese descriptive compound; specialist chronology uncertain.",
      "note": "A descriptive Chinese compound: 命 (mìng) includes life and allotted fate; 宮 (gōng) means a dwelling or palace. These character senses explain the translation “Life palace.” The compound’s first specialist use is unverified here.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Taiwan Ministry of Education — 命",
          "url": "https://dict.concised.moe.edu.tw/dictView.jsp?ID=4950&la=1&powerMode=0"
        },
        {
          "title": "Taiwan Ministry of Education — 宮",
          "url": "https://dict.variants.moe.edu.tw/dictView.jsp?ID=10817"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Attributed chart convention; distinct from empirical prediction.",
      "note": "The chart position is a convention-based calculation. “Fate” belongs to the name’s vocabulary and does not prove predetermination.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "x-iztro — How charting works",
          "url": "https://ziwei.x-haose.com/en/docs/guide/concepts/how-it-works"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "body-palace",
    "term": "Body palace",
    "aliases": [
      "身宮",
      "Shēn gōng"
    ],
    "definition": "An additional marker occupying one of the twelve existing Zi Wei Dou Shu palaces.",
    "category": "Chinese astrology",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "x-iztro — The twelve palaces",
        "url": "https://ziwei.x-haose.com/en/docs/guide/concepts/palaces"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Chinese descriptive compound; specialist chronology uncertain.",
      "note": "身 (shēn) denotes the body or oneself; 宮 (gōng) denotes a dwelling or palace. “Body palace” translates this descriptive compound. Its first use as a Zi Wei term remains unverified.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Taiwan Ministry of Education — 身",
          "url": "https://stroke-order.learningweb.moe.edu.tw/dictMean.jsp?ID=36523&la=0"
        },
        {
          "title": "Taiwan Ministry of Education — 宮",
          "url": "https://dict.variants.moe.edu.tw/dictView.jsp?ID=10817"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Attributed chart convention; distinct from empirical prediction.",
      "note": "Placement follows chart rules. Traditional associations with acquired effort are interpretive claims, not measurements of behavior.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "x-iztro — The twelve palaces",
          "url": "https://ziwei.x-haose.com/en/docs/guide/concepts/palaces"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "ziwei-star-zi-wei",
    "term": "Zi Wei (principal star)",
    "aliases": [
      "Zi Wei",
      "紫微"
    ],
    "definition": "A principal Zi Wei chart star associated with sovereignty and leadership in Wudang.org’s introductory account.",
    "category": "Zi Wei Dou Shu",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Wudang.org — Zi Wei Dou Shu Stars",
        "url": "https://wudang.org/chinese-metaphysics/zi-wei-dou-shu/the-stars"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Chinese 紫微; Wudang.org renders the name as “Purple Star.”",
      "note": "This documents a contemporary English rendering, not the first historical use or a complete character-by-character derivation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Wudang.org — Zi Wei Dou Shu Stars",
          "url": "https://wudang.org/chinese-metaphysics/zi-wei-dou-shu/the-stars"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Contemporary explanation of traditional chart symbolism.",
      "note": "A leadership image is a reading convention, not evidence of authority, status or leadership ability in the chart owner.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Wudang.org — Zi Wei Dou Shu Stars",
          "url": "https://wudang.org/chinese-metaphysics/zi-wei-dou-shu/the-stars"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "ziwei-star-tian-ji",
    "term": "Tian Ji (Zi Wei)",
    "aliases": [
      "Tian Ji",
      "天機"
    ],
    "definition": "A principal Zi Wei chart star associated with strategic thinking and mental activity in Wudang.org’s account.",
    "category": "Zi Wei Dou Shu",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Wudang.org — Zi Wei Dou Shu Stars",
        "url": "https://wudang.org/chinese-metaphysics/zi-wei-dou-shu/the-stars"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Chinese 天機; Wudang.org gives the English rendering “Heavenly Mechanism.”",
      "note": "The cited rendering does not establish when the compound became a Zi Wei star name; that origin remains unverified.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Wudang.org — Zi Wei Dou Shu Stars",
          "url": "https://wudang.org/chinese-metaphysics/zi-wei-dou-shu/the-stars"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Contemporary explanation of traditional chart symbolism.",
      "note": "The symbol does not measure intelligence or planning skill. Repeated chart placement establishes a calculation result, not those personal qualities.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Wudang.org — Zi Wei Dou Shu Stars",
          "url": "https://wudang.org/chinese-metaphysics/zi-wei-dou-shu/the-stars"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "ziwei-star-tai-yang",
    "term": "Tai Yang (Zi Wei)",
    "aliases": [
      "Tai Yang",
      "太陽"
    ],
    "definition": "A principal Zi Wei chart star associated by Sean Chan with public identity and social visibility.",
    "category": "Zi Wei Dou Shu",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Sean Chan — Tai Yang Main Star Reference",
        "url": "https://www.masterseanchan.com/zwds-main-star-tai-yang/"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Chinese 太陽; Chan’s reference title uses the English name “Sun Star.”",
      "note": "This is the source’s chart-name rendering. Its specialist historical adoption and a detailed character derivation remain unverified here.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Sean Chan — Tai Yang Main Star Reference",
          "url": "https://www.masterseanchan.com/zwds-main-star-tai-yang/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Contemporary explanation of traditional chart symbolism.",
      "note": "The chart symbol is not a measured solar longitude. Residence alone does not establish public success or reputation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Sean Chan — Tai Yang Main Star Reference",
          "url": "https://www.masterseanchan.com/zwds-main-star-tai-yang/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "ziwei-star-wu-qu",
    "term": "Wu Qu (Zi Wei)",
    "aliases": [
      "Wu Qu",
      "武曲"
    ],
    "definition": "A principal Zi Wei chart star associated with decisive action and resource matters in Wudang.org’s account.",
    "category": "Zi Wei Dou Shu",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Wudang.org — Zi Wei Dou Shu Stars",
        "url": "https://wudang.org/chinese-metaphysics/zi-wei-dou-shu/the-stars"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Chinese 武曲; Wudang.org renders the name as “Military Song.”",
      "note": "The rendering identifies this chart name. It does not establish a historical relationship with similarly named figures in other traditions.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Wudang.org — Zi Wei Dou Shu Stars",
          "url": "https://wudang.org/chinese-metaphysics/zi-wei-dou-shu/the-stars"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Contemporary explanation of traditional chart symbolism.",
      "note": "The symbolic association provides no measure of competence, income or likely financial return.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Wudang.org — Zi Wei Dou Shu Stars",
          "url": "https://wudang.org/chinese-metaphysics/zi-wei-dou-shu/the-stars"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "ziwei-star-tian-tong",
    "term": "Tian Tong (Zi Wei)",
    "aliases": [
      "Tian Tong",
      "天同"
    ],
    "definition": "A principal Zi Wei chart star associated by Sean Chan with ease, enjoyment and companionship.",
    "category": "Zi Wei Dou Shu",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Sean Chan — Tian Tong Main Star Reference",
        "url": "https://www.masterseanchan.com/zwds-main-star-tian-tong/"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Chinese 天同; Chan approximately translates this as “heavenly togetherness.”",
      "note": "This is the practitioner’s approximate rendering, not a verified ancient etymology. The specialist name’s earliest use remains unverified.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Sean Chan — Tian Tong Main Star Reference",
          "url": "https://www.masterseanchan.com/zwds-main-star-tian-tong/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Contemporary explanation of traditional chart symbolism.",
      "note": "Comfort symbolism does not establish a person’s temperament, health or capacity to act.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Sean Chan — Tian Tong Main Star Reference",
          "url": "https://www.masterseanchan.com/zwds-main-star-tian-tong/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "ziwei-star-lian-zhen",
    "term": "Lian Zhen (Zi Wei)",
    "aliases": [
      "Lian Zhen",
      "廉貞"
    ],
    "definition": "A principal Zi Wei chart star that Sean Chan describes through the tension between principles and emotional intensity.",
    "category": "Zi Wei Dou Shu",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Sean Chan — Lian Zhen Main Star Reference",
        "url": "https://www.masterseanchan.com/zwds-main-star-lian-zhen/"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Chinese 廉貞; Chan explains 廉 as upright or incorruptible. His “Reformer Star” title is an interpretive epithet.",
      "note": "Do not read “Reformer” as a literal translation of 廉貞. A full compound derivation and first specialist use remain unverified.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Sean Chan — Lian Zhen Main Star Reference",
          "url": "https://www.masterseanchan.com/zwds-main-star-lian-zhen/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Contemporary explanation of traditional chart symbolism.",
      "note": "The traditional tension does not establish ethical character, relationship conduct or an emotional condition.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Sean Chan — Lian Zhen Main Star Reference",
          "url": "https://www.masterseanchan.com/zwds-main-star-lian-zhen/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "ziwei-star-tian-fu",
    "term": "Tian Fu (Zi Wei)",
    "aliases": [
      "Tian Fu",
      "天府"
    ],
    "definition": "A principal Zi Wei chart star associated with stability and retained resources in Wudang.org’s account.",
    "category": "Zi Wei Dou Shu",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Wudang.org — Zi Wei Dou Shu Stars",
        "url": "https://wudang.org/chinese-metaphysics/zi-wei-dou-shu/the-stars"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Chinese 天府; Wudang.org gives the English rendering “Heavenly Treasury.”",
      "note": "This supplies an English name explanation; the compound’s first specialist use and precise historical derivation remain unverified.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Wudang.org — Zi Wei Dou Shu Stars",
          "url": "https://wudang.org/chinese-metaphysics/zi-wei-dou-shu/the-stars"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Contemporary explanation of traditional chart symbolism.",
      "note": "A resource theme does not establish actual assets, security or future prosperity.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Wudang.org — Zi Wei Dou Shu Stars",
          "url": "https://wudang.org/chinese-metaphysics/zi-wei-dou-shu/the-stars"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "ziwei-star-tai-yin",
    "term": "Tai Yin (Zi Wei)",
    "aliases": [
      "Tai Yin",
      "太陰"
    ],
    "definition": "A principal Zi Wei chart star associated by Sean Chan with private experience and family attachment.",
    "category": "Zi Wei Dou Shu",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Sean Chan — Tai Yin Main Star Reference",
        "url": "https://www.masterseanchan.com/zwds-main-star-tai-yin/"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Chinese 太陰; Chan’s reference title uses the English name “Moon Star.”",
      "note": "This is an attributed chart-name rendering. The specialist name’s historical origin and a full character derivation remain unverified.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Sean Chan — Tai Yin Main Star Reference",
          "url": "https://www.masterseanchan.com/zwds-main-star-tai-yin/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Contemporary explanation of traditional chart symbolism.",
      "note": "The chart symbol is not a measured lunar longitude. It does not establish psychological traits or family circumstances.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Sean Chan — Tai Yin Main Star Reference",
          "url": "https://www.masterseanchan.com/zwds-main-star-tai-yin/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "ziwei-star-tan-lang",
    "term": "Tan Lang (Zi Wei)",
    "aliases": [
      "Tan Lang",
      "貪狼"
    ],
    "definition": "A principal Zi Wei chart star associated by Sean Chan with appetite for experience and pursuit of interests.",
    "category": "Zi Wei Dou Shu",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Sean Chan — Tan Lang Main Star Reference",
        "url": "https://www.masterseanchan.com/zwds-main-star-tan-lang/"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Chinese 貪狼; Chan renders the name “Greedy Wolf.”",
      "note": "The translation is documented here, but its historical adoption into Zi Wei remains unverified. The name is not a moral verdict.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Sean Chan — Tan Lang Main Star Reference",
          "url": "https://www.masterseanchan.com/zwds-main-star-tan-lang/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Contemporary explanation of traditional chart symbolism.",
      "note": "An appetite metaphor does not establish addictive behavior, sexual conduct or ambition in any individual.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Sean Chan — Tan Lang Main Star Reference",
          "url": "https://www.masterseanchan.com/zwds-main-star-tan-lang/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "ziwei-star-ju-men",
    "term": "Ju Men (Zi Wei)",
    "aliases": [
      "Ju Men",
      "巨門"
    ],
    "definition": "A principal Zi Wei chart star associated by Sean Chan with speech, scrutiny and critical attention.",
    "category": "Zi Wei Dou Shu",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Sean Chan — Ju Men Main Star Reference",
        "url": "https://www.masterseanchan.com/zwds-main-star-ju-men/"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Chinese 巨門; Chan explains 巨 as great or giant and 門 as gate.",
      "note": "These are the practitioner’s character glosses. They do not establish the specialist compound’s earliest appearance or full historical derivation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Sean Chan — Ju Men Main Star Reference",
          "url": "https://www.masterseanchan.com/zwds-main-star-ju-men/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Contemporary explanation of traditional chart symbolism.",
      "note": "A speech motif does not establish argumentative behavior, communication ability or a future dispute.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Sean Chan — Ju Men Main Star Reference",
          "url": "https://www.masterseanchan.com/zwds-main-star-ju-men/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "ziwei-star-tian-xiang",
    "term": "Tian Xiang (Zi Wei)",
    "aliases": [
      "Tian Xiang",
      "天相"
    ],
    "definition": "A principal Zi Wei chart star associated by Sean Chan with mediation, assistance and procedural fairness.",
    "category": "Zi Wei Dou Shu",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Sean Chan — Tian Xiang Main Star Reference",
        "url": "https://www.masterseanchan.com/zwds-main-star-tian-xiang/"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Chinese 天相; Chan explains 相 as assisting or a minister. “Prime Minister Star” is his descriptive role title.",
      "note": "The role title is not a verified literal translation of the whole compound. Its earliest specialist use remains unverified.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Sean Chan — Tian Xiang Main Star Reference",
          "url": "https://www.masterseanchan.com/zwds-main-star-tian-xiang/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Contemporary explanation of traditional chart symbolism.",
      "note": "The minister image does not establish fairness, professional rank or suitability for a particular occupation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Sean Chan — Tian Xiang Main Star Reference",
          "url": "https://www.masterseanchan.com/zwds-main-star-tian-xiang/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "ziwei-star-tian-liang",
    "term": "Tian Liang (Zi Wei)",
    "aliases": [
      "Tian Liang",
      "天梁"
    ],
    "definition": "A principal Zi Wei chart star associated by Sean Chan with protective responsibility and the figure of an elder.",
    "category": "Zi Wei Dou Shu",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Sean Chan — Tian Liang Main Star Reference",
        "url": "https://www.masterseanchan.com/zwds-main-star-tian-liang/"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Chinese 天梁; Chan explains 梁 as a structural beam and calls the star “Heavenly Beam.”",
      "note": "This documents the author’s name explanation, not the compound’s earliest specialist use; that historical origin remains unverified.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Sean Chan — Tian Liang Main Star Reference",
          "url": "https://www.masterseanchan.com/zwds-main-star-tian-liang/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Contemporary explanation of traditional chart symbolism.",
      "note": "A protective metaphor is not a promise of safety, recovery or longevity.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Sean Chan — Tian Liang Main Star Reference",
          "url": "https://www.masterseanchan.com/zwds-main-star-tian-liang/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "ziwei-star-qi-sha",
    "term": "Qi Sha (Zi Wei)",
    "aliases": [
      "Qi Sha",
      "七殺"
    ],
    "definition": "A principal Zi Wei chart star represented by Sean Chan through the general’s image of committed action.",
    "category": "Zi Wei Dou Shu",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Sean Chan — Qi Sha Main Star Reference",
        "url": "https://www.masterseanchan.com/zwds-main-star-qi-sha/"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Chinese 七殺; Chan supplies the English name “Seven Killings.”",
      "note": "The title does not diagnose violence or predict an event. Its specialist historical origin has not been verified here.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Sean Chan — Qi Sha Main Star Reference",
          "url": "https://www.masterseanchan.com/zwds-main-star-qi-sha/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Contemporary explanation of traditional chart symbolism.",
      "note": "The general image does not establish aggression, dangerousness or a future conflict.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Sean Chan — Qi Sha Main Star Reference",
          "url": "https://www.masterseanchan.com/zwds-main-star-qi-sha/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "ziwei-star-po-jun",
    "term": "Po Jun (Zi Wei)",
    "aliases": [
      "Po Jun",
      "破軍"
    ],
    "definition": "A principal Zi Wei chart star associated by Sean Chan with removing established structures so something new can develop.",
    "category": "Zi Wei Dou Shu",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Sean Chan — Po Jun Main Star Reference",
        "url": "https://www.masterseanchan.com/zwds-main-star-po-jun/"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Chinese 破軍; Chan renders the name “Army Breaker.”",
      "note": "The cited translation does not establish a historical military origin for this chart name; that derivation remains unverified.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Sean Chan — Po Jun Main Star Reference",
          "url": "https://www.masterseanchan.com/zwds-main-star-po-jun/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Contemporary explanation of traditional chart symbolism.",
      "note": "Renewal symbolism does not predict loss, separation or a necessary upheaval.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Sean Chan — Po Jun Main Star Reference",
          "url": "https://www.masterseanchan.com/zwds-main-star-po-jun/"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "civil-date",
    "term": "Civil date",
    "aliases": [
      "civil dates",
      "civil-date"
    ],
    "definition": "A year, month and day in the calendar used for ordinary civil affairs. The calendar must be named: a civil date alone supplies neither a clock time nor a UTC instant.",
    "category": "Time & location",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "US Naval Observatory · Julian Date Converter, calendar notes",
        "url": "https://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/JulianDate"
      },
      {
        "title": "Svante Janson · Tibetan calendar mathematics",
        "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/1401.6285"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "English phrase with Latin roots through French.",
      "note": "Civil descends from Latin civilis, related to civis, citizen. Date in its calendrical sense comes through French from Latin data, associated with dating documents. These histories explain the component words; an exact first use of the compound is not established here.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster · civil, word history",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/civil"
        },
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster · date, calendar noun and word history",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/date"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Declared calendar convention",
      "note": "Calendar rules determine the date label. A date-only tool can operate on that label; an astronomical calculation additionally needs enough information to resolve an instant. Atlas states which kind of input each method uses.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "US Naval Observatory · Julian Date Converter, calendar notes",
          "url": "https://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/JulianDate"
        },
        {
          "title": "Svante Janson · Tibetan calendar mathematics",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/1401.6285"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "annual-nine-star-number",
    "term": "Annual Nine Star number",
    "aliases": [
      "annual number",
      "annual numbers"
    ],
    "category": "Chinese & East Asian calendars",
    "definition": "The number from 1 through 9 assigned to the effective year by the selected annual Nine Star rule. A different year boundary can change this result near early February.",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Blooming Grove Studio · Nine Star Ki lessons 1–3",
        "url": "https://www.9starki.com/free_lessons.htm"
      },
      {
        "title": "NAOJ · Calendar terminology, 24 solar terms",
        "url": "https://eco.mtk.nao.ac.jp/koyomi/faq/24sekki.html"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Descriptive English label; annual has Latin roots.",
      "note": "Annual comes through French and Latin forms associated with annus, year. The full phrase is an explanatory label for a yearly Nine Star classification, rather than an established ancient technical expression.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster · annual, word history",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/annual"
        },
        {
          "title": "Blooming Grove Studio · Nine Star Ki lessons 1–3",
          "url": "https://www.9starki.com/free_lessons.htm"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Arithmetic classification under a declared convention",
      "note": "Published annual examples test the descending cycle. Interpretive qualities need their own attribution; this number alone supplies neither monthly numbers nor directional forecasts.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Blooming Grove Studio · Nine Star Ki lessons 1–3",
          "url": "https://www.9starki.com/free_lessons.htm"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "effective-year",
    "term": "Effective year",
    "aliases": [
      "effective years"
    ],
    "category": "Calculation concepts",
    "definition": "The year selected for a calculation after its year-boundary rule has been applied. In the fixed February 4 method, a date before February 4 uses the preceding Gregorian year.",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Blooming Grove Studio · Nine Star Ki lessons 1–3",
        "url": "https://www.9starki.com/free_lessons.htm"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Modern explanatory English phrase.",
      "note": "Effective is used in the sense operative or in effect. It descends from Middle English effectif and Late Latin effectivus. Here the compound labels a calculation choice; it is not presented as a historical Nine Star term.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster · effective, senses and word history",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/effective"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Method-dependent intermediate value",
      "note": "The effective year is reproducible only when the boundary rule is known. It is an input to the annual-number arithmetic, not an additional prediction.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Blooming Grove Studio · Nine Star Ki lessons 1–3",
          "url": "https://www.9starki.com/free_lessons.htm"
        },
        {
          "title": "NAOJ · Calendar terminology, 24 solar terms",
          "url": "https://eco.mtk.nao.ac.jp/koyomi/faq/24sekki.html"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "losar",
    "term": "Losar",
    "aliases": [
      "lo gsar",
      "Tibetan New Year"
    ],
    "definition": "A Tibetan name for New Year, observed through different calendars and customs across Himalayan communities. A Phugpa Losar calculation identifies one named calendar’s year boundary.",
    "category": "Tibetan calendars",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Westin Harris · Losar Celebrations Across Himalayan Cultures, Rubin Museum",
        "url": "https://rubinmuseum.org/losar-celebrations-across-himalayan-cultures/"
      },
      {
        "title": "Janson · Tibetan calendar mathematics, §§3 and 6",
        "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/1401.6285#S6"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Tibetan lo gsar: lo, year, and gsar, new.",
      "note": "The compound means new year. Its shared name does not make every community’s date or observance identical.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Westin Harris · Losar Celebrations Across Himalayan Cultures, Rubin Museum",
          "url": "https://rubinmuseum.org/losar-celebrations-across-himalayan-cultures/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Cultural observance and school-specific calendar boundary",
      "note": "Historical and contemporary accounts document several Losar traditions. Calculating the first civil day of a Phugpa year does not determine all regional New Year festivals.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Westin Harris · Losar Celebrations Across Himalayan Cultures, Rubin Museum",
          "url": "https://rubinmuseum.org/losar-celebrations-across-himalayan-cultures/"
        },
        {
          "title": "Janson · Tibetan calendar mathematics, §§3 and 6",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/1401.6285#S6"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "tibetan-lunar-day",
    "term": "Tibetan lunar day",
    "aliases": [
      "tshes-zhag",
      "tshes zhag"
    ],
    "definition": "One of thirty divisions of a lunar month in Tibetan calendrical calculation. Its numbered label is assigned to civil days by the selected calendar rules, so a label may be omitted or repeated.",
    "category": "Tibetan calendars",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Janson · Tibetan calendar mathematics, §§3 and 6",
        "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/1401.6285#S6"
      },
      {
        "title": "Alexander Berzin · Tibetan-English Glossary of Astrology Terms",
        "url": "https://studybuddhism.com/en/advanced-studies/history-culture/tibetan-astrology/tibetan-english-glossary-of-astrology-terms"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "English descriptive label; Tibetan tshes-zhag.",
      "note": "Berzin translates tshes-zhag as lunar date day. This records the specialist translation; an earlier historical derivation of the Tibetan compound is not established here.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Alexander Berzin · Tibetan-English Glossary of Astrology Terms",
          "url": "https://studybuddhism.com/en/advanced-studies/history-culture/tibetan-astrology/tibetan-english-glossary-of-astrology-terms"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Traditional calendrical model and civil-date assignment",
      "note": "A numbered lunar day and a civil day are different units. The tool reproduces the declared calendar model; its day label is not an observed modern lunar-phase timestamp.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Janson · Tibetan calendar mathematics, §§3 and 6",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/1401.6285#S6"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "omitted-lunar-date",
    "term": "Omitted lunar date",
    "aliases": [
      "omitted lunar day",
      "skipped lunar date"
    ],
    "definition": "A numbered lunar date with no corresponding civil day in the selected calendar. The sequence of civil days continues normally while one lunar label is absent.",
    "category": "Tibetan calendars",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Janson · Tibetan calendar mathematics, §§3 and 6",
        "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/1401.6285#S6"
      },
      {
        "title": "Alexander Berzin · Tibetan-English Glossary of Astrology Terms",
        "url": "https://studybuddhism.com/en/advanced-studies/history-culture/tibetan-astrology/tibetan-english-glossary-of-astrology-terms"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "English descriptive calendar phrase; Tibetan technical term chad.",
      "note": "Berzin records chad for an omitted lunar date. Omitted describes the absent label; no claim about the term’s first historical use is made.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Alexander Berzin · Tibetan-English Glossary of Astrology Terms",
          "url": "https://studybuddhism.com/en/advanced-studies/history-culture/tibetan-astrology/tibetan-english-glossary-of-astrology-terms"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Consequence of a named calendar’s date-assignment rules",
      "note": "In this Phugpa implementation, successive lunar endpoints assigned to the same civil day leave one label without a civil occurrence. This is a calculated status, not a missing physical day or a personal omen.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Janson · Tibetan calendar mathematics, §§3 and 6",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/1401.6285#S6"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "repeated-lunar-date",
    "term": "Repeated lunar date",
    "aliases": [
      "repeated lunar day",
      "doubled lunar date"
    ],
    "definition": "A lunar date label assigned to two successive civil days. In the selected Phugpa convention the first occurrence has leap-day status and the second is the subsequent occurrence of that label.",
    "category": "Tibetan calendars",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Janson · Tibetan calendar mathematics, §§3 and 6",
        "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/1401.6285#S6"
      },
      {
        "title": "Alexander Berzin · Tibetan-English Glossary of Astrology Terms",
        "url": "https://studybuddhism.com/en/advanced-studies/history-culture/tibetan-astrology/tibetan-english-glossary-of-astrology-terms"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "English descriptive calendar phrase; Tibetan technical term lhag.",
      "note": "Berzin uses lhag for a doubled lunar date. The translation is contextual: the glossary also records other meanings for the same transliteration, so it should not be expanded automatically in unrelated passages.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Alexander Berzin · Tibetan-English Glossary of Astrology Terms",
          "url": "https://studybuddhism.com/en/advanced-studies/history-culture/tibetan-astrology/tibetan-english-glossary-of-astrology-terms"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Calendar correspondence with two civil occurrences",
      "note": "Both dates are valid under this convention. A record needs its civil date or occurrence marker to distinguish them; repetition does not supply a separate astrological interpretation by itself.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Janson · Tibetan calendar mathematics, §§3 and 6",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/1401.6285#S6"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "lunation",
    "term": "Lunation",
    "aliases": [
      "lunations"
    ],
    "definition": "A lunar cycle from one new moon to the next. Its average length is about 29.53 days; a traditional calendar may use its own modeled lunation rather than a modern observed event.",
    "category": "Time & location",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Merriam-Webster · lunation, definition and word history",
        "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/lunation"
      },
      {
        "title": "Svante Janson · Tibetan calendar mathematics",
        "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/1401.6285"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Middle English through French and Medieval Latin.",
      "note": "Lunation is traced through Middle English lunacioun and French forms to Medieval Latin lunatio, built on Latin luna, moon.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster · lunation, definition and word history",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/lunation"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Astronomical cycle and calendar model",
      "note": "An observed lunar cycle and a traditional computational month are related concepts, not automatically identical numerical objects. Phugpa month arithmetic uses the constants and correction rules of its specified model.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Merriam-Webster · lunation, definition and word history",
          "url": "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/lunation"
        },
        {
          "title": "Svante Janson · Tibetan calendar mathematics",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/1401.6285"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "kalachakra",
    "term": "Kālacakra",
    "aliases": [
      "Kalachakra",
      "Kalacakra"
    ],
    "definition": "A Buddhist tantric tradition and body of teaching conventionally called Wheel of Time. Its literature includes calendrical and astronomical material associated with later Tibetan calendar lineages.",
    "category": "Tibetan calendars",
    "sources": [
      {
        "title": "Tsenshap Serkong Rinpoche · Overview of the Kalachakra System, Study Buddhism",
        "url": "https://studybuddhism.com/en/advanced-studies/prayers-rituals/tantric-practices/explanation-of-the-kalachakra-practices-tsenshap-serkong-rinpoche/overview-of-the-kalachakra-system"
      },
      {
        "title": "Svante Janson · Tibetan calendar mathematics",
        "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/1401.6285"
      }
    ],
    "etymology": {
      "origin": "Sanskrit title, conventionally translated Wheel of Time.",
      "note": "The teaching source uses Wheel of Time and distinguishes external, internal and alternative Kalachakra. This title is not simply another name for the Phugpa conversion algorithm.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Tsenshap Serkong Rinpoche · Overview of the Kalachakra System, Study Buddhism",
          "url": "https://studybuddhism.com/en/advanced-studies/prayers-rituals/tantric-practices/explanation-of-the-kalachakra-practices-tsenshap-serkong-rinpoche/overview-of-the-kalachakra-system"
        }
      ]
    },
    "epistemology": {
      "basis": "Attributed religious tradition and historical mathematical transmission",
      "note": "Practitioner teaching documents the religious framework; Janson describes the calendar mathematics. Implementing one Phugpa date-conversion version does not reproduce the wider ritual, contemplative or cosmological system.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Tsenshap Serkong Rinpoche · Overview of the Kalachakra System, Study Buddhism",
          "url": "https://studybuddhism.com/en/advanced-studies/prayers-rituals/tantric-practices/explanation-of-the-kalachakra-practices-tsenshap-serkong-rinpoche/overview-of-the-kalachakra-system"
        },
        {
          "title": "Svante Janson · Tibetan calendar mathematics",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/1401.6285"
        }
      ]
    }
  }
]